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Area began uniting as a country

By 1870s Islam influence and impact takes root

Britain looks to protect Indian empire from Russia, tries to annex Afghanistan, this leads to British-Afghan Wars (1838-42, 1878-80, 1919-21)

After 3rd British-Afghan War Afghanistan becomes an independent nation

Recognized by U.S. in 1934

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Britain out of India. Results - India a predominantly Hindu but secular state and the Islamic state of Pakistan. The nation of Pakistan includes a long border with Afghanistan.

1956 - USSR and Afghanistan alley-ship begins

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4th grade,  A parent came and taught us how to make ceramic ladybugs

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4th grade,  A parent came and taught us how to make ceramic ladybugs

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1973 Monarchy Abolished

New constitution proposed

1978 Communist Coup - Struggle to be free of Soviet influence, internal divisiveness
Conservative Islamic and ethnic leaders who did not like social changes introduced via Soviet influence begin an armed revolt. in the countryside

Mujahadeen is created to battle the Soviet-backed government.

American Ambassador killed. U.S. cuts off assistance.

USSR invades Afghanistan on Dec. 24 to bolster communist regime.

Early 1980, the Mujahadeen rebels unite to fight Soviet invaders and the USSR-backed Afghan Army

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1981: I was in fourth grade, and I remember someone greeting me to tell me Ronald Reagan was shot

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1981: I was in fourth grade, and I remember someone greeting me to tell me Ronald Reagan was shot

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2.8 million Afghans flee from the war to Pakistan, another 1.5 million flee to Iran.

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The Mujahadeen getting arms from the United States, Britain and China via Pakistan

(1988) - Osama bin Laden and 15 other Islamists form the group al-Qaida

(1989) - The U.S., Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Soviet Union sign peace accords in Geneva guaranteeing Afghan independence - withdrawal of 100,000 Soviet troops

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Islamic militia, the Taliban, rises to power on promises of peace.

U.S. does not recognize Taliban authority.

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Drought devastates farmers more than 1 million Afghans flee to neighboring Pakistan

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Al-Qaida carries out bombings, increased U.S. and Taliban tensions, leading to bombings and attacks.

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Hamid Karzai, a royalist and ethnic Pashtun, is sworn in leader of the interim government

NATO takes over security in Kabul

(2004) New constitution is adopted

Presidential election is held

(2009) Increase of U.S. combat troops and military and civilian trainers

(2012) President Hamid Karzai calls for American forces to pull back to their bases after a U.S. soldier kills 16 Afghan civilians.

(2013) The Afghan army takes over all military and security operations from NATO forces

Obama announces timetable to reduce troop size by 2016

(2014) - Ashraf Ghani becomes president of Afghanistan

(2017) - End of Obama presidency U.S. maintains 5,500 troops in Afghanistan

(2019) - U.S. and Taliban sign peace deal and plans for withdrawal by May 2021

(July 2021) - U.S. leaves Bargam Airfield

(August 2021) - The Afghanistan government collapses and Taliban takes over Kabul

(August 2021) - The U.S. transports a final contingent of troops from Kabul Airport

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(2021 - 2022) October through the end of January, more than a million Afghans in southwestern Afghanistan alone have set off for migration routes into Iran

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Washington freezes $7 billion in Afghan reserves in U.S. banks

Return of religious police, girls are barred from schools (secondary)

(June 22) Massive earthquake on the boarder with Pakistan 1,000 people are killed and many more left homeless

The U.N. reports that up to 97% of Afghanistans population may fall below the poverty line in 2022, up from 47% in 2021.

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Life for Afghan women after 1 year of Taliban rule