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The earliest record of psychological topics dates back to 1550 B.C. The Ebers Papyrus was written by the Egyptians who recorded conditions of clinical depression and schizophrenia. Though the Egyptians connected these conditions with supernatural causes, it was important that they understood that people had trouble with the mind and tried to explain why.

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Hippocrates believed that it was not the heart or any supernatural causes that led to psychological conditionals. Instead, he believed that the brain was the center of these problems. In The Art of Healing, he lists out the symptoms of common mental conditions including depression and paranoia. In On the Nature of Man, he also writes about the importance of balance in the body and the 4 humors (blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm) and believed that an imbalance could lead to psychological disorders. Though not all of his theories are true, Hippocrates laid a foundation for identifying and describing psychological conditions in a scientific manner.

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In 1524, Marko Marulić, a poet and humanist from Croatia, published a book which used the word psichiologia which was the first time the word psychology was used. In 1700, Rudolph Goclenius, a German philosopher, wrote a book which defined the term psychology. Finally, in 1734 Christian Wolff, another German philosopher, popularized the word in his book. Psychology being coined as its own word opened the door for psychology to grow separately into its own field.

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Wilhelm Wundt, a German physiologist, was known as the Father of Psychology. He opened the first psychology lab which was the start of psychology being a separate and distinct discipline. With this, psychology was able to develop into a study with its own methods and questions. Wundt was also a teacher of many who will greatly influence the field of psychology.

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1890- Edward Bradford Titchener and Structuralism

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1890- Edward Bradford Titchener and Structuralism

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Structuralism was the first major school of thought in psychology founded by Edward Bradford Titchener. Structuralists would take the human conscious and "focus in" analyzing the smaller parts and details. Structuralists would use introspection which examined the internal thoughts, emotions, and feelings to understand one's responses and reactions. This school of thought was not accurate and quickly died because of its subjective nature but was important in growing the field of psychology.

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William James was known as the Father of American Psychology. His textbook The Principles of Psychology became an important and standard book for psychology. In his book he introduces another school of thought, functionalism. Functionalist focus on our actions and behavior and how it affects the environment. Functionalism looked more outward compared to structuralism. This school of thought also faded rather quickly but it does go on to influence other theories and thoughts in psychology.

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1892- Founding of American Psychological Association 

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1892- Founding of American Psychological Association 

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The American Psychological Association was founded by G. Stanley Hall in 1892. This organization started as 26 members and has grown to over 170,000 members including scientists, clinicians, teachers, and students. The mission of APA is to "advance the creation, communication, and application of psychological knowledge to benefit society and improve people’s lives." This organization has greatly impacted the field of psychology through the service it has provided to professionals and will continue to have a great influence to the future of the field.

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Another school of thought that arose was psychoanalysis which was introduced by Sigmund Freud. While both structuralism and functionalism focus on the conscious brain, psychoanalysis focuses on the unconscious part of the brain including thoughts, memories, and emotions. Freud believed that these unconscious parts were the root of mental issues. He also did a lot of work with dreams and tried to interpret the real meaning of the dream. His work with the dreams soon developed into theories of personalities (Ego and superego) and therapy techniques that are still used today.

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Behaviorism is a school of thought that is the psychology of a human being's behavior, and focuses on the observable behavior of humans. It rejects the concept of consciousness claiming it is superstitious and magic. Ivan Pavlov introduced behaviorism with his experiments with dogs and their digestive systems. He observed that dogs would salivate when the food was presented to them and even when they heard footsteps. He continued to pair the food with a bell which could trigger salivating even when the bell wasn't presented with the food. This experiment influenced the development of Behaviorism.

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In 1950, Cognitive Psychology began replacing psychoanalysis and behaviorism and became the dominant approach to psychology. They not only looked at the observable behavior of humans but were interested about what was going inside the brain. With the development and use of MRI and PET, professionals are able to dig deep about the inside working of the brain. Cognitive Psychology includes studying perception, memory, decision-making, problem-solving, intelligence, and language looking at the "outward" behavior and "inward" workings of the brain.

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In 2003, scientists completed mapping the human genes. This opened doors for research about chromosome that are responsible for neurological or physiological issues. With this information, professionals are able to learn more about certain psychological conditions and learn how to treat them.

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The COVID-19 Pandemic influenced the mental health of many people. Not having much social interaction with the quarantine protocols caused many depression and anxiety. During this time many turned to the help of professionals and the APA was able to help doctors/clinicians transition to virtual sessions reaching more people.

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“10 Key Moments in the History of Psychology.” Online Psychology Degrees, 20 Jan. 2022, www.online-psychology-degrees.org/study/key-moments-history-psychology/.

Cherry, Kendra. “From 1878 to Today: A Timeline of the History of Modern Psychology.” Verywell Mind, Verywell Mind, 17 May 2022, www.verywellmind.com/timeline-of-modern-psychology-2795599.

Cherry, Kendra. “The Importance of the American Psychological Association (APA).” Verywell Mind, Verywell Mind, 6 Mar. 2022, www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-american-psychological-association-2795602.

Cherry, Kendra. “The Origins of Psychology: History Through the Years.” Verywell Mind, Verywell Mind, 25 June 2020, www.verywellmind.com/a-brief-history-of-psychology-through-the-years-2795245#toc-the-emergence-of-psychoanalysis.

Cherry, Kendra. “What Were Functionalism and Structuralism in Psychology?” Verywell Mind, Verywell Mind, 16 Aug. 2021, www.verywellmind.com/structuralism-and-functionalism-2795248.

Cherry, Kendra. “Wilhelm Wundt Profile: The Father of Psychology.” Verywell Mind, Verywell Mind, 16 Feb. 2022, www.verywellmind.com/who-is-the-father-of-psychology-2795249.

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Edited by Gabrielle Gebhardt:

Your timeline was very well detailed and I can tell you did a lot of research on each individual date. You were very clear and concise and had very Good reasoning for why each date was so important in the development of psychology. Another thing that you did very well was the design and display, everything looks very organized and collective. There is hardly anything that I would say you need to fix in your timeline, if I had to give any criticism at all I would say to mabey go back through your slides and fix some of the grammar/punctuation errors. Also you could make some of your slides a little more exciting because right now they are all 100% facts with no commentary or anything that would draw people in. Other than that everything looks perfect!