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The early English style is sometimes known as ‘The Lancet style’ because in the early English style they were famous especially for their lancet windows.

In English Gothic architecture, lancet windows were used to line long walls to emphasise the length and they were primarily found in groups of one and two. They were commonly used in nearly every cathedral for various different reasons but the main one being because of the religious narrative behind it.
They recognised the relationship between light and God and started to introduce more and more bigger windows to produce high amount of light in the church.

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The Decorated period is focused on foliage patterns, though the designs are more curvaceous than the Early English
A wider variety of leaves are used:
Ivy
Oak
Rose
Vines
Animals, birds, and human figures are interspersed with foliage, and all the forms are more natural, less formal than Early English.

Other common ornamental carving features are
-the ball-flower (a partly opened flower set on a sphere within a hollow moulding)
-the symmetrical four-leaved flower.

The evolution of the column continued, though no startling change of form occurs. Rather, the columns became more slender, and the free-standing shafts of the Early English period develops into clusters of columns making up larger pier

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Engineering and mathematics combined in a sense of faith in architecture

In 1348, the plague arrived in England. Its impact was felt intellectually and spiritually, represented in darker artistic interpretations and more vulnerable attitudes. In terms of practical matters, fewer masons were available after the plague, which meant architecture became even more minimalistic.

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-Vertical lines in stone window tracery

- Clean, vertical lines that directed the viewer's gaze upward
Columns were primarily circular with solid bases, and capitals were sometimes topped with symbols from nature, the military or the monarchy

- Horizontal and vertical divisions. In the windows, this grid allowed for a more expansive use of stained glass which subsequently brought in a greater amount of natural light

-Enlargement of windows to great proportions

-Conversion of the interior stories into a single unified vertical expanse

- Decorations and carvings were removed from walls and sometimes replaced with blind panels. Sculptures rarely appeared, and instead, tracery of thin vertical mullions adorned the walls and sometimes stretched down to the floor

-Spires were often replaced with towers - supported by buttresses at the corners - that stretched higher than they had tended to do before

- Ceilings - elaborately decorated with fan vaulting - were often supported by four-centred arches
-Roofs were often made of lead and built with a slight slope, while interior roof timbers were sometimes exposed and decorated with carvings

- Structurally, the buildings were more stable, and even small spaces appeared lofty, due to vertical lines that produced optical illusions and additional height.

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Here you can see and example of the large stained glass windows that take up most of the façade, with elaborate tracery forming an ornate design

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This shows the ornate detailing that is used between ribs, that serve no purpose other than decoration

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Early English style has many defining features. Some examples are the pointed arches, rib vaults, buttresses, and extensive use of stained glass.
- Pointed arches - were used to direct weight onto collums at an angle which allowed for much taller vaulted ceilings
-rib vaults - crossed or diagonal arched ribs that allowed for a lot more stability and could hold a lot more weight. The English also liked how these looked and were used for decorative purposes as well as functional purposes.
-buttresses-  They are architectural structures that are built against or projecting from a wall which supports and reinforces the wall for strength.

All together the features gave an ornate and highly decorated pieces of architecture, the stained glass windows especially allowed a high amount of light to fill the buildings Combined.

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Lierne vaulting- similar to rib vaulting, but with a lierne, which is a tertiary rib connecting one rib to another, as opposed to connecting to a springer, or to the central boss. They span the spaces between other ribs, creating ornamental patterns, making the ceiling more decorative
Gloucester Cathedral and Ely Cathedral have notable lierne vaults

Fan Vaulting- where the ribs are all of the same curve and spaced equidistantly, in a manner resembling a fan. It has no no functional ribs, and is purely decorative- the visible "ribs" are mouldings on the masonry imitating ribs
The earliest example, from 1373, is found in the cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral

Buttresses became more common- stone columns outside the walls which supports them, allowing thinner and high walls between the buttresses, and larger windows.
They were often topped by ornamental stone pinnacles to give them greater weight
Lichfield Cathedral is an example of buttresses being used clearly

Sculpture became more ornate and decorative
The ball flower and a four-leaved flower motif took the place of the earlier dog-tooth
The foliage in the capitals was less conventional than in Early English and more flowing

Diapering- creating multi-colour geometric patterns on walls or panels made with different colours of stone or brick

Thinner Walls- the widening and the lessening in wall area was made possible by the invention of the flying buttress

Larger Windows- Due to the invention and development of the pointed arch and flying buttresses, it meant that windows could be much larger, becoming the focus point of the building
This allowed for much lighter interiors to the buildings, making inside spaces feel much bigger

Ornate window designs- large windows, elaborate tracery, lots of colours- stained glass,
York Minster Cathedral features a large stained glass window on its façade, showing off the elaborate tracery

Tracery- windows are divided into sections of various proportions by stone bars or ribs of moulding.
They form vast, elaborate patterns, typically including trefoils and quatrefoils. The use of tracery was introduced in the first quarter of the 14th century and lasted about fifty years
The earliest example, from 1373, is found in the cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral

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(late 13th–late 14th centuries)

It corresponded roughly with the Rayonnant period in France, which influenced it greatly

It was a period of growing prosperity in England, and this was expressed in the decoration of Gothic buildings

Often divides into two periods, based on the predominant motifs of the designs:
- Geometric style- 1245 or 50 until 1315 or 1360, lots of straight lines, cubes and circles
- Curvilinear style- 1290 or 1315 until 1350 or 1360, more curving lines

Additions in the Decorated style were often added to earlier cathedrals.

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- The Early English style occurred from the late 12th century and carried on all the way to the mid 13th century.
-For more than a century after the Battle of Hastings, all substantial stone buildings in England were built in the Romanesque style.

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Perpendicular architecture in England can be typified by an emphasis on the vertical and horizontal lines, which are most relevant in the tracery, wall panelling, stringcourses, and the window characteristics

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English Perpendicular was a prevailing style of late gothic architecture which appeared between the 13th and 17th century. It was the third and final style English Gothic architecture in the middle ages

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Main differences between the three different styles of English architecture 