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Napoleon Bonaparte takes Spain. As a result a war between Spain and France occurs, the Peninsular War. The Peninsular War is what led to the Mexican War of Independence.

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The Mexican War of Independence begins by Catholic Priest Father Hidalgo. Hidalgo is executed by the Spanish.

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After Hidalgo was executed Jose Morelos took his place and proclaimed a Mexican republic. He then was defeated by Agustin de Iturbide forces.

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The War of Independce ends and Mexico declares their independence on September 27, 1821.

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Agustin de Iturbide is declared the first Emperor of Mexico. Guadalupe Victoria takes office as the first President of Mexico. Mexico becomes a republic. Iturbide was then executed under Guadalupe Victoria's presidency.

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Santa Anna becomes president for the first time. The Mexican Army is led by Santa Anna and is defeated by Sam Houston at the Battle of Jacinto. Texas declares its independence from Mexico as the Republic of Texas.

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The United States declared war on Mexico. The Mexican army was led by General Santa Anna. The US forces were led by General Zachary Taylor and General Winfield Scott. General Taylor's forces were first to engage the Mexican army. They fought an early battle where the Mexicans were forced to retreat. The President of the US did not trust General Taylor so he sent General Winfield Scott and is army to capture Mexico City. Once Mexico City was captured a peace treaty was made, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. In the treaty, Mexico agreed to give up 55% of their territory to the US but the US would have to pay $15 million. The US pays the $15 million and gains territory.

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As a result an era of reform in Mexico occurs. Santa Anna is exiled from Mexico and Juan Alvarez is placed as a new leader. During the reform era many new laws were created, a new constitution and government was made.