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CHANGES IN STATES OF MATTER || FREEZING, MELTING, CONDENSATION, EVAPORATION, SUBLIMATION, DEPOSITION

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Melting point and heat of fusion

When heat is applied to ice (solid), the temperature rises gradually. By the way, while the ice is melting, the temperature does not rise. Temperature is kept constant, and the temperature at this time is called the melting point of ice.
At the melting point, even if heat energy is supplied, the temperature is kept constant. This is because all of the supplied thermal energy is used to change the state of a solid into a liquid. The heat energy absorbed by a substance when it changes state from solid to liquid is called 'heat of fusion.'

Boiling point and heat of vaporization

Also, when the heat is applied to water (liquid), the temperature gradually rises. By the way, while the liquid is boiling, the temperature does not rise. The temperature at this time is called the boiling point.
At the boiling point, even if heat energy is supplied, the temperature is kept constant. This is because all of the supplied thermal energy is used to change the state of the liquid into a gas. The heat energy absorbed by a substance when it changes state from liquid to gas is called 'vaporization heat.'

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Melting point and heat of fusion When heat is applied to ice (solid), the temperature rises gradually. By the way, while the ice is melting, the temperature does not rise. Temperature is kept constant, and the temperature at this time...

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Convection: Heat Transfer | UNC-TV Science | PBS LearningMedia

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Watch this video to find out how convection causes heat energy to move through liquids and gases.

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To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video

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Classkick is a free app that shows teachers in real-time exactly what students are doing and who needs help so they can provide instant feedback.

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Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Google Chrome Apple Safari

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To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video

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Heat Capacity, Specific Heat, and Calorimetry

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Quizizz: You’ve been invited to a Quizizz activity

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The Interactive Thermometer

Drag the slider, or use up and down keys:

images/thermometer-inter.js

Quick Conversion Guide

°C to °F
Multiply by 9, then divide by 5, then add 32

°F to °C
Deduct 32, then multiply by 5, then divide by 9

Why? Read Temperature Conversion.

Celsius Rhyme
Thirty's hot
Twenty's nice
Ten's cool
Zero's ice
Fahrenheit Rhyme
90 is hot
70 is nice
50 is cool
30 is ice

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Drag the slider to see how Fahrenheit and Celsius are related, with examples.

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Guided Specific Heat of Solid Lab

In this guided lab you will determine the specific heat of an unknown solid. You will place the solid into boiling water for a sufficient amount of time that it reaches the boiling point of the water. You will then place it in cold water and monitor the temperature change. You will then set the heat lost by the hot solid equal to the heat gained by the water. This will allow you to find the specific heat of the unknown.

When you are ready to start this activity, click on the begin button. When finished with the online version, you should redo the steps with real equipment.

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Scale Lab Completion Certificate

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Guided Specific Heat of Solid Lab In this guided lab you will determine the specific heat of an unknown solid. You will place the solid into boiling water for a sufficient amount of time that it reaches the boiling point of the water. You will then place it in cold water and monitor the temperature change.

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Today, reaching every student can feel out of reach. With MyLab and Mastering, you can connect with students meaningfully, even from a distance.

Built for flexibility, these digital platforms let you create a course to best fit the unique needs of your curriculum and your students. Each course has a foundation of interactive course-specific content - by authors who are experts in their field - that you can tailor and assign as you see fit.

Digital tools activate learning, to more fully engage learners. And online assessments and data tell you how students are doing, as they go, so you can decide what to teach and how best to teach it.

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Learn more about the features and benefits of MyLab and Mastering.

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Today, reaching every student can feel out of reach. With MyLab and Mastering, you can connect with students meaningfully, even from a distance. Built for flexibility, these digital platforms let you create a course to best fit the unique needs of your curriculum and your students.

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DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!

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Visit DK Find Out! to learn about dinosaurs, space, animals, nature & more. Fun learning activities for kids with videos, quizzes & galleries at DKFindOut.com

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Phase Change (Heat and Changes of State) | Chemistry Simulations | CK-12

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Explore how heat and temperature relate to phase changes.

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States of matter animation - Footprints-Science | GCSE science animations, quizzes and flashcards

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States of matter animation - Footprints-Science | GCSE science animations, quizzes and flashcards

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Students begin their engineering process by brainstorming and testing materials to use in the design of their device to minimize thermal energy transfer. 1. Tell students they are designing a device to keep an ice cube from melting. In our scenario the device is like the igloo provided for the penguins.

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Created with Hot Potatoes by Half-Baked Software, registered to MichaelO'Leary.

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Guided Specific Heat of Solid Lab

In this guided lab you will determine the specific heat of an unknown solid. You will place the solid into boiling water for a sufficient amount of time that it reaches the boiling point of the water. You will then place it in cold water and monitor the temperature change. You will then set the heat lost by the hot solid equal to the heat gained by the water. This will allow you to find the specific heat of the unknown.

When you are ready to start this activity, click on the begin button. When finished with the online version, you should redo the steps with real equipment.

Your browser does not support HTML 5.0 Canvas...get a better browser!!!

Your browser does not support HTML 5.0 Canvas...get a better browser!!!

Your browser does not support HTML 5.0 Canvas...get a better browser!!!

Scale Lab Completion Certificate

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Guided Specific Heat of Solid Lab In this guided lab you will determine the specific heat of an unknown solid. You will place the solid into boiling water for a sufficient amount of time that it reaches the boiling point of the water. You will then place it in cold water and monitor the temperature change.

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Specific Heat Capacity  | Matter | Physics | FuseSchool

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Quick Celsius (°C) / Fahrenheit (°F) Conversion:

Type a value in either box

Or use the slider

Or the Interactive Thermometer

Or this method:

( Explanation Below ...)

Typical Temperatures

(only bold are exactly the same)

Some Tricks:

Daily Temperatures: these three conversions "flip the digits" (accurate within 1°):

°C °F
28 ⇄ 82
16 ⇄ 61
04 ⇄ 40

Oven Temperatures: in the range 150 to 200 °C we can double °C to get °F (accurate within 8°F):

Going the other way: for the range 300 to 400 °F we can halve °F to get °C (accurate within 4°C).

Explanation

There are two main temperature scales:

°C, the Celsius Scale (part of the Metric System, used in most countries)

°F, the Fahrenheit Scale (used in the US)

They both measure the same thing (temperature!), but use different numbers:

Boiling water (at normal pressure) measures 100° in Celsius, but 212° in Fahrenheit

And as water freezes it measures 0° in Celsius, but 32° in Fahrenheit

Like this:

Looking at the diagram, notice:

The scales start at a different number (0 vs 32), so we will need to add or subtract 32

The scales rise at a different rate (100 vs 180), so we will also need to multiply

And so, to convert:

from Celsius to Fahrenheit: first multiply by , then add 32

from Fahrenheit to Celsius: first subtract 32, then multiply by

Example: Convert 25° Celsius (a nice warm day) to Fahrenheit

Example: Convert 98.6° Fahrenheit (normal body temperature) to Celsius

We can swap the order of divide and multiply if we want, but don't change the add or subtract. So this is also OK:

Example: Convert 98.6° Fahrenheit to Celsius (again)

(Same answer as before, was it easier or harder this way?)

Other Methods That Work

Use 1.8 instead of 9/5

9/5 is equal to 1.8, so we can also use this method:

Celsius to Fahrenheit: °C × 1.8 + 32 = °F
Fahrenheit to Celsius: (°F − 32) / 1.8 = °C

To make "×1.8" easier we can multiply by 2 and subtract 10%, but it only works for °C to °F:

Celsius to Fahrenheit: (°C × 2) less 10% + 32 = °F

Example: Convert 20° Celsius (A nice day) to Fahrenheit

Add 40, Multiply, Subtract 40

Since both scales cross at −40° (−40° C equals −40° F) we can:

add 40,

multiply by 5/9 (for °F to °C), or 9/5 (for °C to °F)

subtract 40

Like this:

Celsius to Fahrenheit: Add 40, multiply by 9/5, then subtract 40
Fahrenheit to Celsius: Add 40, multiply by 5/9, then subtract 40

Example: Convert 10° Celsius (A cool day) to Fahrenheit

Quick, but Not Accurate

Celsius to Fahrenheit: Double, then add 30
Fahrenheit to Celsius: Subtract 30, then halve

Examples °C → °F:

Examples °F → °C:

Footnote: Temperature is a measure of how fast an object's particles are moving.

1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 3724, 3725, 3726, 3727, 3728, 3729

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Type a value in either box Or use the slider Or the Interactive Thermometer Or this method: ( Explanation Below ...)

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Specific Heat

When you apply the same amount of heat to metal and water of the same mass, the metal temperature change is greater than that of water. This is because the amount of heat required to change the temperature of an object varies from substance to substance.
The amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1℃ is called the specific heat of the substance, and the unit is kcal/(kg℃).

Calculation of specific heat

The specific heat of water is 1kcal/(kg℃) because the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1kg of water by 1℃ is 1kcal.
If the temperature change is t when a heat quantity Q is applied to an object of mass m, the specific heat C of the object can be expressed.

\[ \begin{split}Specific heat &= \frac {calories }{ (mass\times temperature change)} \\ C&=\frac {Q }{ m\Delta t} \end{split} \]

Specific Heat has a unique value depending on the type of substance, so it can be used to classify substances.

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When you apply the same amount of heat to metal and water of the same mass, the metal temperature change is greater than that of water. This is because the amount of heat required to change the temperature of an object varies from substance to substance.

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Isaac Physics is a project designed to offer support and activities in physics problem solving to teachers and students from GCSE level through to university.

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Lecture 24 Heat of Fusion and Vaporization

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Which material with high specific heat capacity

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Which material with high specific heat capacity