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"It is better to risk being overly explicit about what you take a quotation to mean than to leave the quotation dangling and your readers in doubt."

This quote emphasizes that it's better to explain a quote's meaning thoroughly even if it seems too clear rather than to leave readers confused. Being overly clear helps ensure that your message is understood, whereas unclear use of quotations can lead to reader uncertainty.

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"To adequately frame a quotation, you need to insert it into
what we like to call a “quotation sandwich,” with the statement introducing it serving as the top slice of bread and the explanation following it serving as the bottom slice."

This quote notes what a "quotation sandwich" is. You have the top slice of bread, which is an intro statement that prepares readers for a quotation. Then you place the quote (the filling) in the middle. The bottom slice of bread is an explanation that helps readers understand why the quote is important in your writing. This makes sure your text is clear to readers.

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"Given the evolving and messy nature of writing, you may sometimes think that you’ve found the perfect quotation to support your argument, only to discover later on, as your text develops, that your focus has changed and the quotation no longer works."

This quote notes that writing can be unpredictable. Sometimes writers think they've found the perfect quote to support their argument, but as they continue writing their focus changes and the quote no longer fits. This shows that writing is a flexible process where ideas can change and even the best-chosen quotes may need to be revised.

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"But the main problem with quoting arises when writers
assume that quotations speak for themselves. Because the
meaning of a quotation is obvious to them, many writers assume that this meaning will also be obvious to their readers, when often it is not. Writers who make this mistake think that their job is done when they’ve chosen a quotation and inserted it into their text."

This quote highlights a typical issue with quoting in writing. It occurs when writers believe that the meaning of a quote is clear to readers simply because it is clear to them. It's important for writers to not only select the right quotes but also provide context and explanation to ensure readers understand the quote's significance and relevance. If writers fail to do that they risk creating uncertainty and misinterpretation in their work.

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These quotes show the importance of creating effective summaries. They emphasize that one must respect the original author's ideas while aligning them with one's own argument. The concept of the "believing game" encourages writers to see the viewpoint of the authors they summarize, even if they disagree with them. Quote #3 talks about how bad summarization can lead to misrepresenting an author's actual views as common clichés.

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"When a writer fails to provide enough summary or to engage
in a rigorous or serious enough summary, he or she often falls
prey to what we call “the closest cliché syndrome,” in which
what gets summarized is not the view the author in question has actually expressed but a familiar cliché that the writer mistakes for the author’s view (sometimes because the writer believes it and mistakenly assumes the author must too)."

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"To write a really good summary, you must be able to suspend your own beliefs for a time and put yourself in the shoes of someone else. This means playing what the writing theorist Peter Elbow calls the “believing game,” in which you try to inhabit the worldview of those whose conversation you are joining—and whom you are perhaps even disagreeing with—and try to see their argument from their perspective. This ability to temporarily suspend one’s own convictions is a hallmark of good actors, who must convincingly “become” characters whom in real life they may detest. As a writer, when you play the believing game well, readers should not be able to tell whether you agree or disagree with the ideas you are summarizing."

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"Generally speaking, a summary must at once be true to what the original author says while also emphasizing those aspects of what the author says that interest you, the writer. Striking this delicate balance can be tricky, since it means facing two ways at once: both outward (toward the author being summarized) and inward (toward yourself). Ultimately, it means being respectful of others but simultaneously struc
turing how you summarize them in light of your own text’s
central argument."

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"By reminding readers of the ideas you’re responding to, return sentences ensure that your text maintains a sense of
mission and urgency from start to finish. In short, they help ensure that your argument is a genuine response to others’ views
rather than just a set of observations about a given subject."

This quote talks about "return sentences" in writing which remind readers of the ideas you are responding to. These return sentences help maintain a clear sense of purpose throughout your writing. They ensure that your argument is a genuine response to others' views rather than just a collection of observations about a topic.

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"What we suggest, then, is that as soon as possible you state your own position and the one it’s responding to together, and that you think of the two as a unit. It is generally best to summarize the ideas you’re responding to briefly, at the start of your text, and to delay detailed elaboration until later."

This quote suggests that writers should introduce both their own and the viewpoint to which they are responding early in their writing. You should briefly summarize the ideas you're responding to at the beginning of your text and save the detailed explanations for later. That way you won't overwhelm the audience with everything all at once in the beginning.

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"This story illustrates an important lesson: that to give writing the most important thing of all—namely, a point—a writer
needs to indicate clearly not only what his or her thesis is, but also what larger conversation that thesis is responding to."

This quote is saying that it's crucial to not only state your main idea (thesis) clearly but also to show how it fits into a larger conversation or discussion. This helps give your writing a strong purpose and makes it more effective. I chose this quote because it highlights a key idea that for good writing you should connect your ideas to a broader context.

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"The single most important template that we focus on in this
book is the “they say; I say” formula that gives our book its title. If there is any one point that we hope you will take away from this book, it is the importance not only of expressing your ideas (“I say”) but of presenting those ideas as a response to some other person or group (“they say”). For us, the underlying structure of effective academic writing—and of responsible public discourse—resides not just in stating our own ideas but in listening closely to others around us, summarizing their views in a way that they will recognize, and responding with our own ideas in kind. Broadly speaking, academic writing is argumentative writing, and we believe that to argue well you need to do more than assert your own position."

This quote wants us to understand that it's not just about sharing our own thoughts ("I say"), but its also important that we present our ideas as responses to what others have said or thought ("they say"). The author believes that it's about making arguments and to do that effectively you need to do more than just state your own viewpoint. You should also interact with and respond to what others have said, showing that you've considered their ideas.

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"It is true, of course, that critical thinking and writing go deeper than any set of linguistic formulas, requiring that you question assumptions, develop strong claims, offer supporting reasons and evidence, consider opposing arguments, and so on. But these deeper habits of thought cannot be put into practice unless you have a language for expressing them in clear, organized ways."

This quote emphasizes the relationship between critical thinking and language proficiency in effective writing. The quote is saying that in order to use critical thinking and write effectively, you need to be able to express your thoughts clearly using language. If you don't have the right words and language skills to express your thoughts clearly it's hard to use your deep thinking abilities effectively.

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"If you reflect on this activity, you’ll
realize that once you mastered it you no longer had to give much
conscious thought to the various moves that go into doing it.
Performing this activity, in other words, depends on your having
learned a series of complicated moves—moves that may seem
mysterious or difficult to those who haven’t yet learned them."

This quote emphasizes the process of mastering a difficult activity and how it changes over time. It implies that as you gain proficiency in a specific skill or activity it becomes virtually automatic and you no longer need to deliberately think about each step involved. The quote also emphasizes that what appears difficult or confusing to beginners becomes second nature to those who have gained the skill.