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Creation of the United Nations - October 24, 1945

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Creation of the United Nations - October 24, 1945

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The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries. They were  committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.

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Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech - March 5, 1946

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Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech - March 5, 1946

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Iron Curtain speech, speech delivered by former British prime minister Winston Churchill in Fulton, Missouri, on March 5, 1946, in which he stressed the necessity for the United States and Britain to act as the guardians of peace and stability against the menace of Soviet communism. The title of his speech was “The Sinews of Peace," but its primary message was that the United States and Great Britain needed to confront an increasingly aggressive Soviet Union.

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The British government proposed a plan, announced on 3 June 1947, that included these principles: principle of the partition of British India was accepted by the British Government, successor governments would be given dominion status and autonomy and sovereignty to both countries. August 15, 1947 Independence Day marks the establishment of a free and independent Indian nation.

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Israel Independence - November 30, 1947 

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Israel Independence - November 30, 1947 

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The United Nations approved a plan to partition Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state in 1947, but the Arabs rejected it. In May 1948, Israel was officially declared an independent state with David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, as the prime minister.

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On April 3, 1948, President Truman signed the Economic Recovery Act of 1948. It became known as the Marshall Plan, named for Secretary of State George Marshall, who in 1947 proposed that the United States provide economic assistance to restore the economic infrastructure of postwar Europe.

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The Berlin Blockade was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of post–World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, road, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Western control. This an attempt by the Soviet Union to limit the ability of the United States, Great Britain and France to travel to their sectors of Berlin.

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Communist Revolution in China - October 1, 1948 

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Communist Revolution in China - October 1, 1948 

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Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People's Republic of China. The creation of the People's Republic of China ended the civil war between the Chinese communist party and the nationalist party.

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On 4 April 1949, the 12 countries signed the North Atlantic Treaty at the Departmental Auditorium in Washington D.C., the city which lends its name to the Treaty. The Treaty committed each member to share the risk, responsibilities and benefits of collective defence. Which was a concept at the very heart of the Alliance and Treaty.

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First Soviet Atomic Bomb Test - August 29, 1949

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First Soviet Atomic Bomb Test - August 29, 1949

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The Soviet Union detonated its first atomic bomb, known in the West as Joe-1, on Aug. 29, 1949, at Semipalatinsk Test Site, in Kazakhstan. At a test site at Semipalatinsk in Kazakhstan, the USSR successfully detonates its first atomic bomb, code name “First Lightning.” In order to measure the effects of the blast, the Soviet scientists constructed buildings, bridges, and other civilian structures in the vicinity of the bomb.

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European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) - April 18, 1951

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European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) - April 18, 1951

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It was an administrative agency established by a treaty ratified in 1952, designed to integrate the coal and steel industries in western Europe. It was formally established in 1951 by the Treaty of Paris, signed by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany.

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The Korean war began on June 25, 1950, when some 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean People's Army poured across the boundary between the Soviet-backed Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the pro-Western Republic of Korea. The cause of the Korean War ideologically was the communist side, including the Soviet Union, China, and North Korea, who desired to secure the Korean peninsula and incorporate it in a communist bloc. An armistice was signed on July 27, 1953, that formally ended the war.

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Brown v. Board of Education - May 17, 1954

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Brown v. Board of Education - May 17, 1954

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On May 17, 1954, the Court declared that racial segregation in public schools violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, effectively overturning the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision mandating "separate but equal." The Brown ruling directly affected legally segregated schools in twenty-one states.

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First Successful Organ (Kidney) Transplant - December 23, 1954

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First Successful Organ (Kidney) Transplant - December 23, 1954

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On December 23, 1954, doctors in Boston gave a kidney to a seriously ill, 23-year-old man in the first successful long-term transplant of a human organ. The transplantation was done between monozygotic twins; the organ survived for 8 years. For his efforts in kidney transplantation, Murray was honored with the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1990.

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The Vietnam War was a long conflict that put the communist government of North Vietnam against South Vietnam and the United States. The conflict grew with the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. Over 3 million people were killed in the war.

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Montgomery bus Boycott - December 5, 1955-1956

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Montgomery bus Boycott - December 5, 1955-1956

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The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating. The boycott took place from December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956, and is regarded as the first large-scale U.S. demonstration against segregation.

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First Container Ship Sets Sail - April 26, 1956

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First Container Ship Sets Sail - April 26, 1956

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In April of 1956 the first container ship set sail, the converted tanker Ideal X left Newark, New Jersey, carrying 58 cargo-laden truck-trailers on its specially fitted deck. Owner Malcom McLean thought it would make much more sense to lift whole truck trailers on and off the ship and he wanted to save taxes as well as time. Sending truck trailers by ship from one domestic port to another would avoid the state fees imposed for excess weight as a truck passed through a dozen or more states.

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The Suez Crisis was an international crisis in the Middle East that was precipitated on July 26, 1956, when the Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalized the Suez Canal. The canal was owned by the Suez Canal Company, which was controlled by French and British interests.

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Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) - February 14, 1957

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Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) - February 14, 1957

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With the goal of redeeming “the soul of America” through nonviolent resistance, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was established in 1957 to coordinate the action of local protest groups throughout the South. The SCLC was founded in Atlanta, Georgia, at the Ebenezer Baptist Church and advocated confrontation of segregation through civil dissent.

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Ghana gained independence from Britain - March 6, 1957

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Ghana gained independence from Britain - March 6, 1957

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On 6 March 1957, the Gold Coast gained independence from Britain. Ghana became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and was led to independence by Kwame Nkrumah who transformed the country into a republic, with himself as president for life.

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On October 4, 1957, the USSR launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth. The satellite, an 187-pound metal sphere the size of a basketball, was launched on a huge rocket and orbited Earth 18,000 miles per hour for three months.

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Sirimavo Bandaranaike becomes the first woman elected head of government - July 21, 1960

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Sirimavo Bandaranaike becomes the first woman elected head of government - July 21, 1960

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Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike was a Sri Lankan politician. She served as prime minister three times and was the leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. She was the first female to be elected head of government in the world.

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The invasion was an attempt to remove Fidel Castro from power in Cuba. However it failed and ended up strengthening Castro's administration. The disaster had an impact on the Kennedy administration so it led to Operation Mongoose.

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Freedom Rides tested a supreme court decision that stated that segregated transportation facilities was unconstitutional. It was a movement where people refused to sit in their designated seats so they could protest. Most African Americans sat in the front while whites sat in the back.

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The Berlin Wall was built to keep Western “fascists” from entering East Germany and it started mass defections from East to West. It was not only a physical barrier but also an ideological barrier that divided Berlin in 1961. The original wall was built out of barbed wire and cinder blocks.

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Creation of the United Farm Workers (UFW) - 1962

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Creation of the United Farm Workers (UFW) - 1962

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The UFW helped improve the working conditions and wages of migrant workers. It also promoted nonviolence and educated people on the social issues going on in the world. Cesar Chavez made people aware of the hardships of farmworkers and protested though boycotts, pickets, and strikes.

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During the Cuban Missile Crisis, leaders of the US were part of a 13-day standoff over the installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba. This led to a buildup of nuclear weapons and in the end, the Soviet Union came out ahead.

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Publication of the Feminine Mystique - February 19, 1963

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Publication of the Feminine Mystique - February 19, 1963

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This book talks about the physical and emotional labor of women and how they are still being oppressed by American society. This helped strike a movement for gender equality and the importance of Women’s voices.

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The March on Washington marked a day where 250,000 people protested in front of the Lincoln Memorial. Many people were in search of jobs and freedom, especially the challenges of inequality faced by many African Americans.

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Assassination of JFK - November 22, 1963

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Assassination of JFK - November 22, 1963

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John F. Kennedy was assassinated in his motorcade on November 22, 1963 as bullets struck his neck. Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in his act of violence against Kennedy.

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Signed by President Lyndon Johnson, the Civil Rights Act of 1964  prohibited discrimination in public places and allowed for schools to no longer be segregated. It also prohibits the discrimination of religion, gender and national origin. It was one of the most beneficial legislation since Reconstruction.

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This act outlawed discriminatory voting practices and was designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments of the Constitution. It helped secure the right to vote for racial minorities, especially in the South.

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The Tet Offensive changed the public perception of the Vietnam War. The series of attacks led South Vietnamese and United States citizens to question the outcome of the war. In 1968 North Vietnamese attacked South Vietnam. The Tet Offensive was a big part in weakening US public support for the war in Vietnam.

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The Stonewall riots was a response to a police raid that happened in New York City. Police raided gay bars and many gay residents of Greenwich Village protested for the gay rights movement. This led to many gay activist groups around the world.

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“Red Power” occupation of Alcatraz - November 20, 1969

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“Red Power” occupation of Alcatraz - November 20, 1969

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The Occupation of Alcatraz was a long protest where 89 Native Americans occupied Alcatraz Island.  The occupation of Alcatraz Island started a movement where Native Americans won back a lot of their sovereignty. Native Americans demanded self-determination for themselves.

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The Bangladesh Liberation War - March 26, 1971

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The Bangladesh Liberation War - March 26, 1971

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The Bangladesh Liberation War was a revolution sparked by the rise of the self-determination movement in East Pakistan. This war started because of East Pakistan’s concern for political control and self-rule and resulted in the independence of Bangladesh.

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The scandal sparked from the Nixon administration's attempt to cover up its involvement in a break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters. Several burglars were arrested but they were connected to President Richard Nixon’s reelection campaign. Although Nixon tried his best to cover up what had happened, they were caught wiretapping phones and stealing documents.

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Title IX of the Educational Amendments passed -  June 23, 1972

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Title IX of the Educational Amendments passed -  June 23, 1972

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Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972  prohibits the discrimination on the basis of sex in any education program or Federal financial assistance. It offers protection for both male and female students, guaranteeing that they both have equal opportunity in education.

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Roe v. Wade was a supreme court decision ruling to allow women the choice to have an abortion without government restriction. The Constitution provided a “right to privacy” that protects a woman's right to have an abortion. However, it must be balanced against the government's interest to protect life.

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Resignation of Richard Nixon - August 9, 1974 

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Resignation of Richard Nixon - August 9, 1974 

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President Nixon became the first ever US president to resign from office. Because of the hearings of impeachment against his actions from Watergate, he was swayed by public opinion and decided to leave the White House. He ended his term as 37th president of the United States.

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The Revolution was a revolt led by citizens against the state because it lacked political and social legitimacy. Iranian students stormed the embassy and detained more than 50 Americans diplomats holding them for 444 days. The revolt established an Islamic republic and many Iranians began adding their voice to the Shah.