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In collectivist cultures, such as singapore, the family is the first group a person joins at birth. Traditionally, the interests of the family are expected to supersede those of the individual and loyalty is shown to fellow family members. families also have a collective face.

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Singaporean families often include a combination of different ethnicities. Marriages between citizens and non-citizens, as well as cross-ethnic marriages, are becoming more common.

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Managing conflicts :
- Take time out
- Calming yourself and managing your emotions
- Listen to and respect your spouse’s thoughts and feelings
- Focus on one issue at a time and work towards a compromise
- Care for your child’s well-being

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Domestic violence is violence committed by someone in the victim's domestic circle. This includes partners and ex-partners, immediate family members, other relatives and family friends. The term 'domestic violence' is used when there is a close relationship between the offender and the victim.
In Singapore, 1 in 10 women experience lifetime physical violence by a male (International Violence Against Women Survey, 2010). 6 in 10 victims of physical violence suffer repeated victimisation (ibid).

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Any intentional harm or mistreatment to a child under 18 years old is considered child abuse. Child abuse takes many forms, which often occur at the same time.

Physical abuse. Physical child abuse occurs when a child is purposely physically injured or put at risk of harm by another person.

Sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse is any sexual activity with a child. This can involve sexual contact, such as intentional sexual touching, oral-genital contact or intercourse. This can also involve noncontact sexual abuse of a child, such as exposing a child to sexual activity; observing or filming a child in a sexual manner; sexual harassment of a child; or prostitution of a child, including sex trafficking.

Emotional abuse. Emotional child abuse means injuring a child's self-esteem or emotional well-being. It includes verbal and emotional assault — such as continually belittling or berating a child — as well as isolating, ignoring or rejecting a child.

Medical abuse. Medical child abuse occurs when someone gives false information about illness in a child that requires medical attention, putting the child at risk of injury and unnecessary medical care.

Neglect. Child neglect is failure to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, clean living conditions, affection, supervision, education, or dental or medical care.

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Singapore's housing rules favour married couples, so single parent families often have trouble finding places to settle down permanently. National-level data shared in Parliament reveals that when it comes to rental housing applications from single unwed parents, rejections outnumber approvals. From 2014 to May 2019, the Ministry of National Development (MND) has only approved 380 rental applications out of the 1,014 requests received from single unwed parents. Similarly, from 2014 to 2016, only about 20 per cent of the 100 single, unwed mothers under 35 who appealed to buy a flat had their applications approved.

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Many single parents find it hard to earn money for their family and improve their family’s life. They also have little CPF savings and have to deal with expensive legal fees. Parliament had previously revealed, that the median monthly employment income for unwed mothers below the age of 35 is S$600.

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Finding reliable, affordable childcare centres is a major difficulty for single parents.
Social inclusion: Children of unmarried parents are stigmatised as “illegitimate”, which carries disadvantages in terms of inheritance law and tax reliefs and denied Baby Bonus cash gifts.

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Many single parents who are women who left employment to meet the care needs of their families. Returning to the job market is a challenge as employers disregard caregiving as work experience and are suspicious of single parents.

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1. Family is a group of one or more parents and their children living together as a unit.
2. All the descendants of a common ancestor
3. In Singapore, nuclear families (which consists of two parents of different genders and children) are usually seen

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gOvErNmEnT iNteRvEneTiOn fOR sEekIng hELp

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gOvErNmEnT iNteRvEneTiOn fOR sEekIng hELp

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One place that you can seek help from is the Family Service Centres. There are 48 of these places in Singapore located at HDB towns. They are community-based social services that serve low-income and/or vulnerable individuals as well as families who need social and emotional support. Social Work Practitioners there provide case management support on family, financial, housing, employment and other social issues. They also partner with other agencies to assist individuals and families holistically as they work towards stability, self-reliance, and social mobility.

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The government has introduced changes to allow single parents, particularly single mothers, to be treated the same as married people. Some of these changes include paid childcare leave being extended to unwed mothers in 2013, Child Development Accounts – special savings accounts for education and medical expenses – were made accessible to children born out of wedlock and increasing paid maternity leave from eight to 16 weeks in 2016. However, some public policies still show bias towards parenthood outside of marriage – such as tax rebates for childbirth, Working Mother’s Child Relief and the enhanced Baby Bonus cash gift.

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-Family culture can relate to just your immediate family or be representative of your extended family and ancestors.

Characteristics of a Family Culture

Some things that typically make up family culture.

Unspoken - Families don't often discuss their culture, they just know what's expected and accepted.

Elder Expectations - Older generations have a high expectation that younger generations will keep the same values, customs, and overall family culture.

Reciprocal Relationships - All family members are held to the same standard and expected to reciprocate what's given to them or how they are treated.

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For low-income citizen households who cannot afford to buy a flat and have no other housing options or family support, HDB can assist them with public rental flats. Rents of these flats are heavily subsidised to help those in need. Rents of these flats are heavily subsidised to help those in need. HDB is committed to helping Singaporeans own a home, including low-income households who live in public rental flats. There are several assistance measures to help them progress onto home ownership when they are ready. These measures include: housing grants, priority scheme, and home ownership support team.

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A Personal Protection Order (PPO) is an order by the Court which restrains the offending family member from committing family violence against you, your children, or other family members. It is made when the Court is satisfied that family violence has been, or is likely to be committed, and that a protection order is necessary.

The PPO is granted only after a trial, unless the offender consents to the grant of the PPO. Medical reports and police reports can be helpful to obtain a PPO.

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1. Faithful Family Culture

These families take their cues from church or religious communities, including Christianity, Judaism, or Islam.

They are defined by a strong moral compass that requires all members to have a powerful sense of right and wrong as defined by their belief system.

Individual happiness and success is not as important as reflecting your God's purpose.

An example would be a traditional Arab family where grandparents are always consulted for big decisions like marriage because the Koran says the elderly are esteemed.

2. Engaged Progressive Family Culture

This type of family culture is all about personal responsibility and personal freedom.

Family members operate off The Golden Rule and what feels right to each person.

Kids from this type of family culture generally have more freedom at younger ages than other kids.

This type of family culture is the least religious of all four types.

A traditional Brazilian family could be an example of this family culture because personal values are important and people respect and expect honesty from each other.

3. Detached Family Culture

Detached families don't spend a lot of time together because they generally believe all the bad influences of the world will overshadow their influence.

Low income families are more likely to fall in this category.

This type of family culture includes a hands-off strategy to parenting and relationships where the belief is that whatever will be, will be.

Parents who don't keep tabs on their child's grades or school work and families that only eat together when they're watching TV are examples of detached family cultures.