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Topic Two- Challenges to Elizabeth at home and abroad, 1569-88.

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(2) TOPIC TWO- Challenges to Elizabeth at home and abroad, 1569–88

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TOPIC ONE- Queen, government and religion, 1558-69.

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(1) TOPIC ONE Queen, governments and religion, 1558 to 69

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TOPIC THREE- Society and the Age of Exploration 1558-88 copy

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Early Elizabethan England 1558-1588: Challenges Abroad

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King Henry VIII: The Church and The Reformation

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The Epic Failure of the Spanish Armada I PIRATES

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Bloody Queens, Elizabeth And Mary Queen Of Scots Relationship - BBC History Documentary 2017

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Queen Elizabeth I. aka Elizabeth Tudor | Nothing less than a Tudor Queen [+4x06]

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Life Issues - Poverty in Elizabethan England

When you think of Elizabethan England, you think of castles, queens, kings, banquets, and amazing costumes. I'm sure most people wouldn't even think about the poor of this era and how the poor were getting poorer and poorer.

During this time the population rose dramatically, and the country which relied on farming was hit by bad weather and poor harvests, people now found themselves having to share the limited resources with fewer people at more expensive prices.

The rich still lived in magnificent houses, had amazing clothes, servants and sumptuous feats whilst more and more of the lower classes who weren't living in the nicest of houses, were now finding themselves unable to clothe or feed their families.

Farmers who used to be able to farm pieces of land were now forced to move to the industrial towns to look for work, as larger farm units were created requiring fewer workers. Even though industrial towns were still growing there were not enough jobs for the people coming into the towns.

The standard of living began to drop with the poorer people unable to support themselves, even if they were working they were not earning enough to support their families due to the increases in food and clothing, and more and more people were forced to live on the streets or starve.

This had repercussions for the country as a whole, with more and more poor people roaming the street with nowhere to go. To try and stop this problem, the government of the time passed a strict set of laws titled "The Poor Laws", to lessen the possible danger the unemployed and homeless could cause.

The care of the poor became the responsibility of the community. Previously, wealthier people had left money in their will to setup shelters for the poor, but as the situation had worsened, the government forced the community step in.

In the first series of acts passed, each town was required to make suitable provisions for the needy also to provide work for the unemployed. The people of the town were required to pay taxes to help support the poor and anyone who didn't pay taxes were punished (sound a bit similar to today's laws).

By requiring the town to provide work for the unemployed, the poor were then able to become useful within the community, and also it kept the unemployed busy.

They were so many different groups of poor, and the concern that thieves and beggar would still cause problems that a distinction was drawn between the groups of poor and the treatment they should receive. This was broken down into three groups: the deserving poor, the deserving unemployed and the undeserving poor.

The Deserving Poor
This group was made up of the elderly, children, the sick and families who had found themselves in financial trouble. These people were all considered deserving of social support, and were looked after by their towns.

The Deserving Unemployed
These people were able to make a living but they were unable to find work. At lot of labouring people fell into this group - due to the hardships of the land and unable to find work in the industrial villages they became part of the deserving unemployed. The towns by law had to provide them with work.

The Undeserving Poor
These were people who had turned to crime to make a living, beggars and migrants who roamed the country looking for work. A lot of these people were usually and were considered a danger to society and were treated as such. This was the group that the government was worried about, and as such these people were given harsh treatment. Beggars and thieves were whipped, burned through the right ear (ear-boring) or sometimes even branded with a hot iron, and if they continued they could be imprisoned or even executed. Each town had to also provide a prison for these groups. The punishments were always done in public (even the hangings). Punishments such as whipping were done in public to shame the criminal and warn others that this would happen to them if they did the same.

Each town had a workhouse - this provided "indoor" relief for the deserving poor (elderly, sick, orphaned, widows and families) giving them a place to stay, where they were looked after and fed. The workhouse also offered "outdoor" relief where they provided payments for a range of needs including clothing and food. The outdoor relief allowed people to still stay at home.

While the poor were still poor, the government managed to set up rules that help them survive and while the standard of living was still not the best, at least those in need were helped. The laws were quite advanced for their time, and you may notice that some of them are similar to today's laws. In introducing the laws, the government was able to avert any major problems from the most unfortunate class of the Elizabethan times, whilst still helping those in need.

Join us soon for another Life Issues.

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Poverty in Elizabethan England | Revelations - The Initial Journey

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Life Issues - Poverty in Elizabethan England When you think of Elizabethan England, you think of castles, queens, kings, banquets, and amazing costumes. I'm sure most people wouldn't even think about the poor of this era and how the poor were getting poorer and poorer. During this time the population rose dramatically, and the ...

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Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Elizabeth's legitimacy becomes a problem because of this marriage. In order to marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne.

This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. As Catholics do not believe in divorce it means that the marriage between Henry and Catherine was never dissolved, and therefore, the marriage with Anne never happened, and as a result of this Elizabeth was an illegitimate child and had no right to the throne of England.

The second concern of legitimacy again comes from the marriage of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. After Anne Boleyn was executed, Henry had the marriage annulled, effectively meaning that it never happened. This meant that Elizabeth was declared illegitimate as her claim to the throne comes through the marriage of Anne to Henry.

Therefore, Elizabeth's legitimacy was questioned because of the marriage between Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.

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Elizabeth's Legitimacy | tutor2u History

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Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Elizabeth's legitimacy becomes a problem because of this marriage. In order to marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine.

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Early Elizabethan England 1558-1588: Government and Society

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England in 1558, Society and Government
The England that Elizabeth inherited in 1558 faced problems. Financially, Government was in crisis. Large debts had built up over the course of previous reigns. This meant that expenditure would need to be carefully managed. Society was going through a number of changes, such as the Reformation, which also impacted on Elizabeth's rule from the off.
Government in Elizabethan England

The monarch was seen to have a right to rule by the Grace of God. That is, they had been chosen by god to rule. This commonly held view made the monarch the pivotal role in Government. It was they who made all of the main decisions. Elizabeth inherited a system of government designed to assist monarchs fulfil their duties. A small group of advisors, called the Privy Council, worked closely with the monarch. They were chosen by the monarch and had influence. However, as they were people of the monarchs choosing, along with the belief in the right of the monarch to rule, this sometimes led to the council not questioning a monarchs judgement: it could be very unwise to do so!

There was a senior Privy Councillor with the title Secretary of State. This person was the closest confidant of the monarch and worked with them on the most important matters.

A Parliament did exist in Elizabethan times. Elections could take place but it was common for the Privy Council to choose MPs. Only landowners could be an MP. Most candidates were unopposed. Parliament had to pass things into law so whilst the monarch could make decisions, MPs had the right to debate and vote on them. Parliament was called by the monarch to vote on matters. New taxes were voted on in Parliament.

Laws that were created as a result of the Monarch, Privy Council and Parliament working in that way were then enforced across the land. Each county had a Lord Lieutenant. They acted as the monarchs representative in each region. As such they looked after governing the county, local law enforcement and defence. They were supported by Justices of the Peace.

External Link: Privy Council

Society in Elizabethan England

Elizabethan England was mainly rural. Most of the population lived in farming villages and were engaged in jobs relating to this. Towns were expanding though. Trades were becoming more established and expanding export markets encouraged growth.

Society remained deeply religious. Everybody was expected to attend church on a Sunday. England was still undergoing a period of religious change though. The Split with Rome, caused by Elizabeth's father, Henry VIII, wanting to marry Elizabeth's mother, Anne Boleyn, had triggered a great schism. The Church in England had previously been led by the Papacy, in Rome. Following Henry's divorce, it operated with the monarch as head of the Church of England. Additionally there was a split in peoples views on how to worship. The Protestant Reformation was underway in England and saw different points of view causing huge problems. Mary I had been known as 'Bloody Mary' for the persecution of protestant worshippers. Elizabeth though was a Protestant herself. This meant another change in approach and potential for unrest.

Culture

Theatre was extremely popular during Elizabethan times. People enjoyed comedies, tragedies, mysteries and history plays. There were several very well known playwrights. William Shakespeare was at his peak during Elizabeth's reign and his work was both popular and influential. Other famous playwrights of the period include Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson. It was during Elizabeth's reign that the first purpose built theatres were constructed in England. Previously they had tended to be in open spaces like courtyards or town squares. Some plays and a large number of poems were studied in Elizabethan Schools.

Elizabeth's reign coincided with the Renaissance and though most works of the great artists of the day were from mainland Europe, the developments certainly had an influence in England.

Holidays and Leisure

There are numerous religious festivals in a year. In Elizabethan times these were widely celebrated. Alongside these were annual festivals to celebrate the Queens accession and traditional events such as the May Day celebrations. Games and sports were played at many of these festivals. Jousting was still popular with the upper classes. Other popular sports included Animal Sports such as Bear baiting or dog fights.

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England in 1558, Society and Government | Schoolshistory.org.uk

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The England that Elizabeth inherited in 1558 faced problems. Financially, Government was in crisis. Large debts had built up over the course of previous reigns. This meant that expenditure would need to be carefully managed. Society was going through a number of changes, such as the Reformation, which also impacted on Elizabeth's rule from the off.

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BBC - KS3 Bitesize History - The Reformation : Revision, Page 4

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A key stage 3 history revision resource for the Reformation. Topics include: Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary, Elizabeth I, consequences and interpretations.

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Northern Rebellion Of 1569 : Elizabeth I : Page 1

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The Northern Rebellion of 1569 was a major rebellion in nothern England against Queen Elizabeth I of England. It was led by the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland and aimed to restore Catholicism in England.

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Consequences of the defeat of the Spanish Armada Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Consequences of the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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Early Elizabethan England 1558-1588: The Religious settlement

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Revise and Test!

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BBC Bitesize - GCSE History - Religious Settlement - Edexcel - Revision 1

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Learn about and revise Religious Settlement in the Elizabethan era with this BBC Bitesize History (Edexcel) study guide.

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The threat of invasion by Spain loomed large for much of Elizabeth I's reign, culminating in the launch of the Armada in 1588. The failure of this attack enhanced the queen's popularity with her people, but did great damage to the standing of Philip II. What were the reasons behind the Armada, and did it bring an end to the Anglo-Spanish war?

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The threat of invasion by Spain loomed large for much of Elizabeth I's reign, culminating in the launch of the Armada in 1588. The failure of this attack enhanced the queen's popularity with her people, but did great damage to the standing of Philip II.

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The plan

Philip's plan was to:

1. gather a huge Armada of 130 ships in Spain, under the Duke of Medina Sidonia

2. sail to the Netherlands to pick up the Spanish army, led by the Duke of Parma

3. invade England

However:

In 1587, Drake attacked Cadiz and destroyed the fleet Philip was preparing.

Philip assembled another fleet in 1588, but it was hastily provisioned and badly equipped.

Medina Sidonia begged not to be put in charge.

The failure

The Armada set sail in May 1588:

It was spotted almost immediately, and England was warned.

From 20 to 27 July, the English fleet attacked the Armada as it sailed up the English Channel. The Armada sailed in a crescent formation, however, making it difficult to attack, and the English fleet did little damage.

On 27 July, the Armada anchored in open seas off Calais. The English sent in fireships, so the Armada cut their anchors to escape.

On 29 July, the English attacked the Spanish fleet at the Battle of Gravelines. The English ships were easier to manoeuvre in the heavy waters of the North Sea.

The Spanish fleet fled north, chased by the English fleet. It had to return home by sailing round the north of Scotland and the west coast of Ireland, where many ships were sunk by storms.

On 8 August, after the main danger was over, Elizabeth went to speak to the English troops at Tilbury.

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BBC - KS3 Bitesize History - The Armada : Revision, Page 4

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Philip's plan was to: gather a huge Armada of 130 ships in Spain, under the Duke of Medina Sidonia sail to the Netherlands to pick up the Spanish army, led by the Duke of Parma invade England However: In 1587, Drake attacked Cadiz and destroyed the fleet Philip was preparing.

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Elizabeth 20exam 20questions 20copy 20copy

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Pearson REVISE Edexcel GCSE (9-1) History Early Elizabethan England Revision Guide and Workbook + App: for home learning, 2022 and 2023 assessments and exams (Revise Edexcel GCSE History 16)

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Buy Pearson REVISE Edexcel GCSE (9-1) History Early Elizabethan England Revision Guide and Workbook + App: for home learning, 2022 and 2023 assessments and exams (Revise Edexcel GCSE History 16) 1 by Dowse, Brian (ISBN: 9781292169712) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.

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Challenges to the Religious Settlement.pdf

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Meeting with C Rodgerson - EPH Staff-20240530_101254-Meeting Recording