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In his ship HM Endeavour, Captain James Cook charts the east coast. He claims it for the British crown and names eastern Australia "New South Wales". Australia is declared "terra nullius"

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Captain Arthur Philip founds a penal settlement at Sydney with 800 convicts.

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Matthew Flinders completes the first circumnavigation of Australia (still known as New Holland)

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Permission granted to change the name of the continent from "New Holland" to "Austraila

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A penal colony is founded at Morton Bay, now the city of Brisbane

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Captain James Stirling establishes the Colony of Western Australia at Perth.

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South Australia established, with Adelaide as its capital.

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Gold is found at serveral locations leading to gold rushes throughout the decade.

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Australian Rules Football becomes an official sport.

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Uluru is first sighted by Europeans.

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Australia and England play the first-ever cricket test match in melbourne

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Ned Kelly the bush-ranger is hanged

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Australia became a federation on 1 January

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The Australian National Flag was flown for the first time on 3 September

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Canberra is found and designated as the capital

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Surfing is first introduced to Australia.

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Australian soldiers land at Anzac cove on the Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey

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The airline QANTAS was founded on November 16th.

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Vegemite is first produced

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The first federal parliament is held in canberra

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Don Bradman scores a record 452 not out in one cricket innings.

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The Sydney Harbour Bridge opens

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Australia enters the second World War.

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The first all Australian car is produced the Holden.

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'The Games' are held in Melbourne

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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are given the right to vote.

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Aboriginal Flag first flown on 12 July in Adeaide.

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The Sydney Opera House is opened.

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The aboriginal land rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 is passed. This was the first attempt by an Australian Government to legally recognise the original ownership of land by the Aboriginal people

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Advance Australia fair becomes Australia's official anthem

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Australia host 'The Games' in Sydney

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First Female Australian Prime Minster, Julia Gillard, is elected