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RUBEOLA

CAUSES, SYMPTOMS AND RISK FACTORS

the virus is transmitted through the respiratory tract, and symptoms appear 2 to 3 weeks after exposure as follows: Mild fever of 102 °F (38.9 °C) or lower

Headache

Nasal congestion or runny nose

Redness and itching of the eyes

Enlarged, tender lymph nodes at the base of the skull, back of the neck, and behind the ears

A faint, pink rash that starts on the face and spreads quickly to the torso, arms, and legs before disappearing in the same order

PREVALENCE

the most common cases of this virus are in Africa and Southeast Asia, and the group most affected by this disease is people who have not been vaccinated, with a 90% probability of contagion.

DIAGNOSTIC AND TRATMENT

the most significant of rubella are the mumps that are formed, are the key factor for the diagnosis of the virus, but the most feasible way are laboratory studies via smear on the skin or with a blood sample that presents antibodies.

there is no treatment to cut off the period of the disease, but there is no treatment either, since the virus has a life cycle and disappears after a week.

PREVENT

the best way to prevent rubella is with the MMR vaccine.

FAMILY

as rubella is very contagious, it is important to isolate the fomite and not to have contact with any member of the family.

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Is the most common cause of cold in babies.

Causes

Breathe the viruses in the air .

Touch surfaces contaminated and then touch their face close of the mouth .

Symptoms

Faver

Coughing

Sneezing 🤧

Irratability

Risk factor

Babies under the age of 1 are more susceptible

Premature babies

The weather

Prevalence

Is the most common disses in babies specially en winter months .

Why is common ?

The inmune system are still development, for that the babies carry the virus more faster.

Diagnostic

Clinical examination and also nasal washes to look the pathogen in these material.

Treatment

You don’t need antibiotic, only tratamiento to realive the síntoms like ; hidration , nasal washes for clear the nasal congestion .

Prevention

Clean the babies hands

Avoid people sick

The mom need to clean the superficies that the babies stay in contact.

Impact in the babies lives and their family

These illness aren’t dangerous but the family stay scary because is the first illness of the baby, these causes stress and in baby feel discomfort, feeding difficulties.

Reference

Khilkov, A. (2023, August 10). Rhinovirus in children: symptoms, treatment and preventionR. Kidoz Pediatric Clinic. https://www.centrokidoz.com/enfermedad-rinovirus/#:~:text=His%20son%20can%20touch%20la,transmit%20al%20sneeze%20or%20cough.

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CAUSES, SYMPTOMS AND RISK FACTORS

mumps is caused by a virus called paramyxovirus, the causes of contagion come from droplets of moisture from the nose and mouth that are transmitted from one person to another, an example is sneezing, the symptoms are:Facial pain

Fever

Headache

Sore throat

Loss of appetite

Inflammation of the parotid glands (the largest salivary glands, located between the ear and the jaw).

Swelling of the temples or jaw (temporomandibular area)

PREVALENCE

is a disease that commonly affects children not vaccinated by MMR from 3 to 7 years of age, 600 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.

DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT

As with the previous disease, blood samples are used to corroborate the presence of antigens and analysis of buccal samples and, less commonly, urine samples.

There is no specific treatment for mumps. Most people recover within 3 to 10 days.

PREVENT

The way to prevent this is with the MMR vaccine.

FAMILY

It does not have a significant impact on families as it is self-curing and only takes a week to recover.

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Causes:

The main cause is a virus such as Adenovirus

Influenza or parainfluenza.

Symptoms:

cyanosis, dyspnea, cough, fatigue, fever, sunken ribs when breathing

The baby's nostrils flare when breathing, tachypnea.

Risk factors:

Exposure to cigarette smoke, being younger than 6 months, living in crowded conditions, not being breastfed, being premature.

Prevalence:

According to the Ministry of Health, a survey explained reported that between 25% and 30% of children have at least one episode of bronchitis before the age of seven caused by some type of virus.

Diagnosis: The examans based in very options; gasometry arterial, radiografía de tórax y muestra de esputo para el virus.

Treatment options:

*The child must drink much water.

*The child must breathes the humid air how nebulizations.

*Application saline solution drops to nasal mucous membranes.

*Repose of the activities physics.

How the ilness impacts the patient and the family.

It often improves by the third day and symptoms mostly disappear within a week. In rare ocations, pneumonia or more serious breathing problems occur. But is a risk for the family, because throught the salive can transmit the virus.

Reference:

Bibliography

(S/f). Medlineplus.gov. Retrieved September 2, 2024, from https://medlineplus.gov/english/ency/article/000975.htm#:~:text=Expectations%20(prognosis)&text=Breathing%20often%20improves,asthma%20as%20they%20grow.

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Mumps - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic (2023, February 8). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/mumps/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375366

Mumps: MedlinePlus medical encyclopedia. (n. d.). https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001557.htm

Rubella - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic (2022, July 19). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/rubella/symptoms-causes/syc-20377310

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Urinary Tract Infections In Children (Pris)

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Urinary Tract Infections In Children (Pris)

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Causes:

*It is mostly caused by colon bacteria, such as: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterococcus and Enterobacter.

Symptoms:

*Compression of the urinary bladder

*Constipation.

*increased urinary volume.

*Pain when urinating.

Risk factors.

The main causes are: vesicoureteal reflux, kidney disease, urinary dysfunction, previous urinary tract infection, presence of catheters, constipation and poor hygiene habits.

Prevalence and why?

Is very common, because 8-10% of girls and 2-3% of boys will have a symptomatic UTI before the age of seven.

Diagnosis.

There are many options the diagnostic;

*Interpretation of nitritos.

*Microscopy.

*Cultive of urine.

*Ecograph renal.

Treatment:

For treatment the urinary tract infections, second- or third-generation cephalosporins or amoxicillin with acid clavulanate are recommended.

Ways to manage or prevent:

*Boys do not strain when urinating and girls can wipe properly from front to back. *Is very important drinks much water.

How the ilness impacts in the patient and the family:

Most children who suffer a UTI have a good prognosis and usually do not suffer long-term damage to the urinary tract as a result of the infection and is not a represent risk for the family.

Reference:

Barola, S., Grossman, O. K., & Abdelhalim, A. (2024). Urinary Tract Infections In Children. StatPearls Publishing.

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Causes

Disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV).

Symptoms

Rash

Fever

irratability

Tiredness

Loss of appetite

Headache

Faver

Risk factor

Stay in contact with someone infected .

Babies who haven’t the vaccine

The early age of the baby.

Prevalence

Is common desses like 12 % in the people.

Diagnostic

Based in fiscal examination.

Treatment

Acetaminophen for the fever

Calamine lotion (to relieve the pain)

Rest

Prevention

vaccination

Avoiding exposure

Impact in the babies lives and their family

These illness sometimes are dangerous these cause bacterial infections, pneumonia and for that the family stress increase in the family because they need go to the doctor more often.

Reference

Chickenpox in Children. (2024, 25 julio). Johns Hopkins Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/chickenpox-in-children#:~:text=Symptoms%20may%20include%3A,Fever