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Why did they move the capital from Rome to Constantinople? To complete this task, your research must demonstrate these steps:

1. Locate a map of the ancient Roman Empire which clearly displays the two cities

2. Make a prediction by looking at the map

3. Research the history of this event

4. Compare your prediction and the history and write a paragraph summarising your findings

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Make a prediction on why they moved the capital to Constantinople

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Make a prediction on why they moved the capital to Constantinople

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Rome was located in central Italy around 2230.7 milometers from Constantinople which is nowadays Istanbul, turkey. Constantinople was located in the Bosporus strait which joins the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea together. The Romans might have moved their capital to Constantinople for better control of what comes and goes from the black sea relating to trade or migrants. Another reason they might have moved the capital from Rome, is to be closer to Persia. Persia was one of the biggest threats to Rome and by moving the capital they could move more of their armies to be closer to the border so it's quicker to shut down an attack.​

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Compare your prediction and the history and write a paragraph summarising your findings

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Compare your prediction and the history and write a paragraph summarising your findings

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The capital city of Rome was moved to Constantinople when the current emperor Constantine had finally unified his empire. But he felt that Rome wasn’t as an ideal location for the capital. Ancient Rome had expanded east and then Rome became too far from conflicts and therefore the armies. Even though Rome had been the capital for over 1000 years Constantine still went ahead and moved the capital to Constantinople where it could easily be defended. The city took around 6 years to build and like Rome, Constantine split the city into 14 regions. Constantinople still didn’t have all the features that Rome had with less politicians. In time Constantinople became home to many of Romes greatest work of art. The move to Constantinople left Rome to be taken over by the barbarians all while eastern Rome continued to thrive. Different groups of people begun to invade Western Rome and it eventually fell.​

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Key Groups in society law and government (yellow-remember)

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Key Groups in society law and government (yellow-remember)

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List 5 sources of entertainment in ancient Rome and describe how different people in society interacted with them. What can these entertainment sources tell us about the ancient Roman people?

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Chariot racing, was a fast-paced race around a track in a chariot pulled by multiple horses. The driver is fairly exposed making the races very bloody and violent. The sport was divided into four teams. Red, white, blue and green. Each team had scouts to find exceptional riders. Racing was mostly watched by commoners, as the nobles didn’t like the behavior of the crown and thought the sport was immature. All with the exception of emperor Nero. Nero was very passionate about racing and even drive his own chariot.

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Executions, was an interesting form of entertainment in ancient Rome, but they still managed to find joy from watching it. They mostly executed criminals, traitors and Christians. If the criminal was Roman, they were to be beheaded because it was seen as a more honorable way to die, this was the mandatory punishment for all romans. If the criminal was a slave, they were too be crucified​

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Gladiator battles, were one of the most famous Roman entertainment. These gladiator fights were held in a coliseum, where either freemen fighting for glory or slaves forced to fight against each other of wild animals to the death. These games were generally used as an opportunity for emperors and powerful aristocrats to sow off their wealth to the audience.​

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Animal hunting, was an Exhibition of wild, exotic animals who fought one and other or fought against men, who were either criminals or trained Professionals. As the Roman empire expanded so did there access to new animals. Animal hunting was generally used as parades for the dead. The animals would generally have to be trained before being sent into the arena. But the methods of training weren't in any way humane, they mostly starved the animals into compliance but if that failed, they would retort to whips and other weapons to tame the animals.​

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In ancient Rome it was a common occurrence for there to be festive dinners known as banquets. There were public feasts where all members of the public could attend. On the other hand, there were more private dinner parties that were held at wealthy peoples homes, where the host would invite a small group of people over either for social or work reasons.

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Beliefs, values and practices (warfare and death/funerary customs)

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Beliefs, values and practices (warfare and death/funerary customs)

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List 7 Greek Gods and their Roman equivalents. You must find an image for each of them. Finally, you must explain why the planets are named after the ancient Roman gods instead of the Greek.

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Reference list

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople

my dad (history degree)

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Reference list

Cartwright, M. (2019). Hermes. [online] World History Encyclopedia. Available at: https://www.worldhistory.org/Hermes/.

Encyclopedia Britannica (2018). Aphrodite | Mythology, Worship, & Art. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aphrodite-Greek-mythology.

Furfaro, E. (2023). How Do Planets Get Their Names? We Asked a NASA Scientist: Episode 45 - NASA. [online] NASA. Available at: https://www.nasa.gov/general/how-do-planets-get-their-names-we-asked-a-nasa-scientist-episode-45/#:~:text=They%20had%20different%20names%20for.

Nix, E. (2015). Who named the planets? [online] HISTORY. Available at: https://www.history.com/news/who-named-the-planets.

The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (2018a). Ares | God, Myths, Siblings, & Family. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ares-Greek-mythology.

The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (2018b). Mercury | Roman god. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mercury-Roman-god.

The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (2018c). Poseidon | Myths, Symbols, & Facts. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Poseidon.

twinkl (2024).

Twinkl-greekgods-athena. [online]

Twinkl.co.id. Available at: https://www.twinkl.co.id/teaching-wiki/greek-gods-and-goddesses#:~:text=Athena%20%2D%20Greek%20goddess%20of%20war [Accessed 25 Sep. 2024].

wikipedia (2021). Minerva. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerva#:~:text=Minerva%20was%20the%20goddess%20of.

wikipedia (2023a). Jupiter (god). [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(god).

wikipedia (2023b). Neptune (mythology).

[online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune_(mythology)#:~:text=Neptune%20(Latin%3A%20Nept%C5%ABnus%20%5Bn%C9%9Bp%CB%88tu%CB%90n%CA%8As.

Wikipedia Contributors (2019a). Juno (mythology). [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(mythology).

Wikipedia Contributors (2019b). Mars (mythology). [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_(mythology).

Wikipedia Contributors (2019c). Venus (mythology).

[online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(mythology).

Wikipedia Contributors (2019d). Zeus. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeus.

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Jupiter was known as the Roman equivalent to the Greek god Zeus. Jupiter ruled over the sky and thunder which is almost the exact same as Zeus who rules over the sky, lightning and thunder.

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Neptune is the Roman equivalent to the Greek god Poseidon. Neptune is the god of the sea and fresh water and Poseidon was the god of the ocean, water, earthquakes and horses

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Venus is the Roman equivalent to the Greek goddess Aphrodite. Aphrodite was the goddess of love, beauty and fertility. Venus was the Roman god of Love, beauty, sex, fertility and Victory.

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Mercury is the roman equivalent to the Greek god Hermes. They are both the god of trade, travel and thieves.

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Mars is the Roman equivalent of the Greek god Ares. they are both the god of war but Ares is more accurately the god of the spirit of battle.

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Minerva is the Roman equivalent to the Greek god Athena. they are both the god of wisdom and war.

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Juno is the Roman equivalent to the Greek god Hera. the are both the god of women's fertility and Childbirth.

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Reference list

Cartwright, M. (2019). Hermes. [online] World History Encyclopedia. Available at: https://www.worldhistory.org/Hermes/.

Encyclopedia Britannica (2018). Aphrodite | Mythology, Worship, & Art. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aphrodite-Greek-mythology.

Furfaro, E. (2023). How Do Planets Get Their Names? We Asked a NASA Scientist: Episode 45 - NASA. [online] NASA. Available at: https://www.nasa.gov/general/how-do-planets-get-their-names-we-asked-a-nasa-scientist-episode-45/#:~:text=They%20had%20different%20names%20for.

Nix, E. (2015). Who named the planets? [online] HISTORY. Available at: https://www.history.com/news/who-named-the-planets.

The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (2018a). Ares | God, Myths, Siblings, & Family. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ares-Greek-mythology.

The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (2018b). Mercury | Roman god. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mercury-Roman-god.

The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica (2018c). Poseidon | Myths, Symbols, & Facts. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Poseidon.

twinkl (2024). Twinkl-greekgods-athena. [online] Twinkl.co.id. Available at: https://www.twinkl.co.id/teaching-wiki/greek-gods-and-goddesses#:~:text=Athena%20%2D%20Greek%20goddess%20of%20war [Accessed 25 Sep. 2024].

wikipedia (2021). Minerva. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerva#:~:text=Minerva%20was%20the%20goddess%20of.

wikipedia (2023a). Jupiter (god). [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(god).

wikipedia (2023b). Neptune (mythology). [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune_(mythology)#:~:text=Neptune%20(Latin%3A%20Nept%C5%ABnus%20%5Bn%C9%9Bp%CB%88tu%CB%90n%CA%8As.

Wikipedia Contributors (2019a). Juno (mythology). [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(mythology).

Wikipedia Contributors (2019b). Mars (mythology). [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_(mythology).

Wikipedia Contributors (2019c). Venus (mythology). [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(mythology).

Wikipedia Contributors (2019d). Zeus. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeus.

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Explain why the planets are named after the ancient Roman gods instead of the Greek.

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Explain why the planets are named after the ancient Roman gods instead of the Greek.

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Roman mythology was the inspiration for most of the planets in our solar system. Thousands of years ago there were only five observable planets: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. the early astronomers all wrote in Latin and had named the planets after their gods. IN Greece they named the planets after Greek gods, but since the Roman empire was significantly larger than the Greek empire the Roman names stuck

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Contacts and conflicts - trade and warfare (blue-apply

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Contacts and conflicts - trade and warfare (blue-apply

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Research weapons, clothing and tactics used by the Roman army. Describe what they were and how they would be used. Include a short description of the life of a Roman soldier and include images.

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Scorpio is a smaller catapult-like weapon. It was used more like a sniper than a traditional catapult or crossbow.

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A Plumbata had a weighted arrow like head attached to a wooden handle so that roman soldiers could throw it over a far distance. They were used to damage soldiers from a distance before attacking close combat.

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A tunic is a long loose fitting shirt. Romans would wear them under a cloak that was wrapped around their body.

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A galea was a helmet roman soldiers wore. Some galea had crests on the top of the helmet. You were given one when you were in the roman army.

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Testudo also known as the turtle was a formation where the soldiers on the flanks of the group would interlock their metre tall shields together the soldiers behind would then hold their shields above the soldiers in front  of them and so on. This would protect them from projectiles from afar.

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The wedge like the name suggests was a cone shaped formation with one soldiers and the rest fanning out from behind. The wedge was very effective because just like an arrow the soldiers would drive into enemy soldiers.

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Create a poem about a major event in ancient Roman history.

Some types of poems you may choose from include:

4 x Haiku

Sonnet

Free verse

Acrostic

Some events you can choose from include:

The eruption of Mount Vesuvius

The assassination of Julius Caesar

The Spartacus revolution

The Great Fire of Rome

Lastly, you must write a brief rationale explaining your creative choices and the meaning of the poem.

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RESEARCH:

Julius Caesar was assassinated on march 15th 44BC. a group of around 60 to 70 senators were in on the plan. Julius was stabbed 23 times. even thought the senators thought they were doing he right thing, the people didn't agree and it sparked may civil wars until Octavious his grandson eventually took over

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On March the fifteenth, a day so grim,
In Rome whispers turned to cold, sharp steel,
Brave Caesar met the end, his chances slim,
By friends who claimed that they were real.

With daggers drawn, they struck him down,
A noble man betrayed by jealousy;
His blood spilled out, it made me frown,
And in his fall, it sparked a war to be.

Brutus stood there with a heavy heart,
He thought it best to save the state from harm;
Yet friendship crumbled as they played their part,
And chaos followed with its deadly charm.

So history remembers that sad, sad day,
When trust was lost and death found its way.

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My poem reflects on the tragic assassination of Julius Caesar. it emphasises themes of betrayal, friendship, and the consequences of ambition. I chose to make it a sonnet because I thought it would portray the story better than other types of poems

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 Include a short description of the life of a Roman soldier and include images.

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 Include a short description of the life of a Roman soldier and include images.

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A man could become a soldier at the age of 17 if you fit the physical standards. You had to be a male and you had to be at least 5 foot 7 and have done training prior to enlisting. The training was gruelling and consisted of learning marching skills, then learning how to use weapons and eventually spar with other soldiers.

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 Include a short description of the life of a Roman soldier and include images.

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 Include a short description of the life of a Roman soldier and include images.

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In the morning they would be woken and stand in neat lines for inspection to  make sure their equipment was up to standard. After that they would all then train. They would work on fitness, combat drills and simulated battles. Then the soldiers would have a meal and relax together. In the afternoon they would then have lighter tasks like maintaining the camp. When it got dark they would have their evening meals and offered prayers to their gods.

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Reference list

BBC Bitesize (2024). What was life like in the Roman army? - BBC Bitesize. [online] BBC Bitesize. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zqbnfg8#:~:text=A%20legionary%20had%20to%20be [Accessed 29 Sep. 2024].

british museum (2015). Introduction to Legion: life in the Roman army | British Museum. [online] www.britishmuseum.org. Available at: https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/introduction-legion-life-roman-army#:~:text=There%20were%20strict%20physical%20and.

britishmuseum (2006). Introduction to Legion: life in the Roman army | British Museum. [online] www.britishmuseum.org. Available at: https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/introduction-legion-life-roman-army#:~:text=There%20were%20strict%20physical%20and.

corporateName =National Museum of Australia; address=Lawson Crescent, A.P. (2001). National Museum of Australia - Roman soldier’s helmet. [online] www.nma.gov.au. Available at: https://www.nma.gov.au/learn/diy/roman-soldier-helmet#:~:text=A%20typical%20Roman%20helmet%20was.

Dhar, R. (2023). Roman Weapons: Roman Weaponry and Armor | History Cooperative. [online] History Cooperative. Available at: https://historycooperative.org/roman-weapons/.

historyskills (2014). A day in the life of a Roman soldier: What was it like? [online] History Skills. Available at: https://www.historyskills.com/classroom/year-7/roman-soldier-daily-life/.

Ricketts, C. (2018). 3 Important Roman Military Tactics. [online] History Hit. Available at: https://www.historyhit.com/roman-military-tactics/.

rome (2023). Romans in Britain - Roman Artillery. [online] Romanobritain.org. Available at: https://www.romanobritain.org/8-military/mil_roman_artillery.php#:~:text=The%20scorpio%20was%20a%20smaller [Accessed 29 Sep. 2024].

rome (n.d.). The Romans. [online] Available at: https://www.stmargaretsprimary.org.uk/_data/site/305/pg/376/RomansReadingLevel3.pdf.

wikipedia (2021a). Clothing in ancient Rome. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Rome#:~:text=The%20rare%2C%20prestigious%20toga%20picta.

wikipedia (2021b). Roman infantry tactics. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_infantry_tactics#:~:text=Roman%20soldiers%20would%20train%20for.

Wikipedia Contributors (2019). Galea (helmet). [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galea_(helmet).

Wikipedia Contributors (2024). Plumbata. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbata#:~:text=Plumbatae%20or%20martiobarbuli%20were%20lead [Accessed 29 Sep. 2024].

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Reference list

National Geographic Society (2023). Mar 15, 44 BC: Julius Caesar Assassinated. [online] education.nationalgeographic.org. Available at: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/julius-caesar-assassinated/.

Wikipedia Contributors (2019). Assassination of Julius Caesar. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Julius_Caesar.

Wikipedia Contributors (2024). Julius Caesar. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar#:~:text=Fearful%20of%20his%20power%20and.

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Significant Individual (Orange - Analyse) 

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Significant Individual (Orange - Analyse) 

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Research a famous ancient Roman individual and make a Facebook or Social media profile that includes their achievements, family details, pictures, likes and dislikes.

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Reference list

Arnold Joseph Toynbee (2019). Julius Caesar - The first triumvirate and the conquest of Gaul. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Julius-Caesar-Roman-ruler/The-first-triumvirate-and-the-conquest-of-Gaul.

Klein, C. (2023). Julius Caesar: 6 Ways He Shaped the World. [online] HISTORY. Available at: https://www.history.com/news/julius-caesar-ancient-roman-dictator-importance.

Wikipedia Contributors (2019). Julius Caesar. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar.