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Title your post with the names of the group members + class

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Title your post with the names of the group members + class

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Look through the sources on the contender assigned to you.

Answer the guiding questions by jotting down in point form the issues faced in each of the problem assigned to your group

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What do the sources tell you about the issues under the problem faced by the migrants?

What were the challenges that the British faced in resolving the problem?

Did the British try to resolve the problem? If yes, how did they do so?

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Answer the following question:

"How effective were British efforts to ensure law and order in Singapore?"

Give a stance to the above question.

Provide 1-2 lines of explanation on why you concluded on that stance

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Read TB Pg 96 and 97 (incl. reading sources 2 and 3 found on Pg 97)

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Read TB Pg 98

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Watch this video

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新加坡宗乡会馆联合总会 SFCCA

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Watch this video

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1877 - Establishment of the Chinese Protectorate

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Watch this video

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Let our Curators tell you more Ep 2: 36 oaths of the Secret Society

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Read TB Pg 102 & Watch this video

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1877 - Establishment of the Chinese Protectorate

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Read TB Pg 101

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Watch this video

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1877 - Establishment of the Chinese Protectorate

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Read TB Pg 104

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Watch the video.

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Jing Ting and Bernice HING ( source 1 )  other members-Yuxuan, Jiayi, Xyrisse and Claire

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Jing Ting and Bernice HING ( source 1 )  other members-Yuxuan, Jiayi, Xyrisse and Claire

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The secret society would help poor uneducated young men who had never been outside their home town . They helped people find work and lodgings and would take care of them when they are sick. However, they often took part in gang robberies, gang fights and other forms of lawlessness. The government didn't take any steps to resolve the problem for a long time because they had very little information on how the secret societies operated and until 1870, there were no British officials who understood the various Chinese dialects. They also couldn't find out about any secret societies and their activities

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Group 1: Joyanne, Aiza, Isabelle from 1C, Amber, Yi Fei and Mikayla from 1D

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Group 1: Joyanne, Aiza, Isabelle from 1C, Amber, Yi Fei and Mikayla from 1D

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The source tells me that some problems faced by the Coolies were being tricked or kidnapped by coolie-agents in China. As a result of the overcrowding as well as the lack of food and water, many coolies died during the long voyage. Many of them were locked up in houses that were cramped and unhygienic. They were closely guarded by gangsters hired by the coolie-agents until employers were found. There was a promise that after paying a low sum for their journey, they would soon save enough money to send their friends or to return home with. Instead, they had heard that they would be sent to work in the tin mines of another country.

William Pickering tried to protect the coolies by giving them fair contracts as their owners would often not pay them. This made some owners angry and Pickering sometimes got death threats

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Group 8 (Hailey C, Klara, Esselle (1C),  & Janane, Natashya, Yuanxin (1D))

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Group 8 (Hailey C, Klara, Esselle (1C),  & Janane, Natashya, Yuanxin (1D))

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The sources tell us about how prostitutions was normalized in Singapore. The challenges faced by the British in resolving the problem were that the colonial government saw the secret societies as governing entities for the Chinese community but unfortunately so, many women who were poor was tricked into prostitution as they were bribed into well-paying jobs. Yes as the British hired William Pickering to stop prostitution and bring some sense of order to Singapore society and carry out justice for the poor women in Singapore.

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Emily (1D), Vera (1D), Quinn (1D) , Shanen (1D),Olivia (1C), Glenda (1C)

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Emily (1D), Vera (1D), Quinn (1D) , Shanen (1D),Olivia (1C), Glenda (1C)

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1) Some of the secret societies took part in gang robberies, at night and sometimes in the morning on the homes of the rich. They also responsible for many riots that occurred in the 1840 and 1850 as they fought for control of territory and illegal vice trades such as gambling and prositution.

2)For a long time the government took no steps to tackle the problem, they also could not speak the same language and find out anything about the secret societies' activities.

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1) The pirates scared the potential traders (migrants) from coming to Singapore and it caused Singapore to lose money. It's risky to people's lives, property and trade.

2) The British could not afford to stop pirates as they needed money to patrol 4 more ships (No naval possibilities)

3) the action taken did not result in much change. the piracy eventually reduced to be manageable levels. so they suppressed them when their royal navy expanded and maintained patrols along the key trade routes making it much harder for pirates to operate freely

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Katherine 1d, Crecia1c, Rene1c, Jonalle1d, Daina 1d

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Katherine 1d, Crecia1c, Rene1c, Jonalle1d, Daina 1d

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The migrants were treated poorly. In source 2 of the textbook, there is mentioning of them crying out for help, telling us they go through a lot of abuse. In source 3, it is known to us that the coolies were not allowed to speak up or go out for anything. Moreover, on their journey to Singapore, the coolies would pass away due to overcrowding. This tells us that they were treated inhumanely. The british having the possibility of removing the problems wpuld go on to make the owners of these coolies to get angry since coolies had to be paid and could be used for free labour no longer and less working time for work to be done, which is a problem. Yes they tried to resolve this through ensuring the new coolies would receive fair contracts in order to reduce and dismiss the issue of labour and abuse of coolies.

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Axelia(1 C) Elise(1C) Arielle (1D) Shavaun ( 1 D) Tanya(1 D)

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Axelia(1 C) Elise(1C) Arielle (1D) Shavaun ( 1 D) Tanya(1 D)

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The source tells me that there was an unbalanced ratio of men to women in Singapore due to the little amount of Chinese women who came to singapore as it was seen as a man's responsibility to earn a living elsewhere. As the male workers had hard jobs,manyy of them turned to opium smoking,drinking, gambling and visiting brothels. As there was a very high demand for prostitutes, traffickers and brothel owners could make high profits. Many young female migrants from china were tricked into prostitution in Singapore. They were promised well paying jobs. They were sold to the brothel owners and forced to work and earn money for them. The British helped by sending William Pickering, who as the Protector of Chinese in Singapore, addressed prostitution by establishing the Office to Protect Virtue in 1888. This organization aimed to protect women and girls who were being sold or tricked into prostitution, providing them with a safe space and skills training to help them find alternative jobs.

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✦ Piracy posed a great danger to the lives, property and trade of the trading community. Trading ships plying the straits of Melaka were often attacked by the pirates. Their cargos would be taken and travelers were often killed or sold as slaves.

✦ During the season between August and October, pirate boats from northern Borneo were brought to the straits of Melaka, where they attacked trading ships and boats sailing between Singapore and Penang. Trading ships were also attacked by pirates who came from pirate settlements along the coasts of Java, Sumatra and Malaya throughout the year.

✦ The piracy situation became so bad that many traders stayed away, affecting the trade in Singapore. This caused SG's trade to suffer greatly and cause traders to lose huge sums of money.

✦ Although the traders repeatedly asked the government in the Straits Settlements to take strong action against piracy, the government still lacked the legal means to punish the pirates.

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xyrisse and claire 1d (other group members- jia yi, bernice, yu xuan, jing ting)

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xyrisse and claire 1d (other group members- jia yi, bernice, yu xuan, jing ting)

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The sources tell me that the Chinese migrant population was extremely large as government laws had to be put in place to control them, tackling problems of secret societies and others.

William Pickering was appointed the first official protector of the Chinese population, tasked with regulating secret societies, labor issues and prostitution. However, Pickering's attempts to offer an additional pillar of support to the Chinese was also seen as a threat to the secret societies.

The government pushed through a law to suppress secret societies, making them automatically unlawful. There was also a threat of banishment which was extremely effective as the Qing government often arrested and executed secret society members as they returned to China.

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The issues faced by the British is that the secret societies are conducted in Chinese and the British cannot understand their language. The migrants were uneducated and they want to join the societies because they felt lonely and the society members can help to find them a job. The British did not try to solve the problem because the British officials did not understand the Chinese dialects so they could not find anything about the secret societies.

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i think that the British efforts to maintain law and order in Singapore were quite effective because after the hired William Pickering as the 1st Chinese Protectorate, he resolved the problems efficiently as he could actually converse with the migrants and understand them better. He was also very dedicated to getting a better life for the poor Chinese migrants

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I think the efforts made helped massively. Even though not all cases of prostitution and riots were solved, most of the coolies abused and young women were saved by the British Protectorate. The British also punished secret societies whic reduced the amount of gang fights on the street, helping to maointain law and order throughout singapore.

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The efforts made by the british were not very effective as the same problems kept occuring even after the british had attempted to stop them, such as the prostitution issue.

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I don't thinnk the British were very helpful with law and order of Singa[pore as it waas very difficult for them as they did not understand the various chinese dialevcts

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The British efforts were effective to ensure law and order in Singapore. They managed to protect the society as well.

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It was quite effective. They hired William Pickering to stop prostitution and bring some sense of order to singapore's society and carry out justice for poor women in singapore

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I think it was pretty effective for the prostitution and labour abuse of coolies at least. They at least tried to help with fair contracts and helping with prostitiution

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The British were effective in their efforts to ensure law and order in Singapore as the British hired William Pickering who could understand a few Chinese dialects and helped to stop injustices in Singapore, therefore, this ensured law and order in Singapore.

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the British were quite effective in their efforts to ensure law and order in Singapore. As even after all the problems arose, the British still managed to solve them all.

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The British were effective to ensure law and order in Singapore. This is because William Pickering understood many of the Chinese dialects and how secret societies are operated, making it easier to put a stop to coolie labour abuse, as well as unlawful secret societies activities. The British also tried to stop piracy when they had power and accomplished it as well in the end.

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The efforts took to maintain law and order were persisting. William Pickering did his best to control and protect many people no matter how hard it was. He spoke many dialects and understood the problem and managed to solve it.

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The British efforts were not very effective to ensure law and order in Singapore. They did not really understand some of the problems and they did not have enough money to solves the problems. Some of the migrants also did not cooperate with the British to solve the problems.

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The British were very effective in maintaining law and order in Singapore. They employed several British representatives to get to know the struggles of the different ethnic communities and solve issues peacefully. They also made sure that each community had a representative that would look after them and would know their language and culture. This proved that the British took the time and resources to employ good representatives for the different communities to solve problems and make Singapore a better place.

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The british were good at ensuring law and order. when majority of the british could not understand the dialects that the coolie spoke, causing them to be unsure about gang fights. In order to resolve this issue, they invited william pickering, to be the fist protector of the chinese coolies.

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The British efforts to ensure law and order in Singapore were quite effective. William Pickerings tried to protect the coolies by giving them fair contracts as their owners would often not pay them. William Pickering was also hired to stop prostitution to bring an end to the prostitution in Singapore and to carry out justice for the poor women in Singapore.

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-British efforts to ensure law and order in Singapore were largely effective.

- The British established a strong colonial administration with well-trained police forces and legal systems that maintained stability, suppressed crime, and controlled social unrest, allowing Singapore to develop as a safe and orderly trading hub.

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The British efforts to ensure law and order in Singapore were somewhat effective. They were able to hire William Pickering to resolve all the problems. However, that took a long time and problems such as piracy were resolved on their own.

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The british ensured that the chinese coolies had fair jobs and a they took action to stop gang robberies etc.

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I'd say that the British was overall, struggling to deal with the overlying problems -- especially considering these problems were only solved after WW2. Besides this -- considering much of these problem's circumstances, it is understandable why (at least to me) I can say the British was struggling to deal with these problems during this time.

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I think that the British action is really effective to Singapore, they stopped the secret sociaty from getting anymore harm and sved the chinese imagrants

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The British efforts were effective to ensure the law and order in Singapore. It is because the British, especially William Pickering started to protect many young women who were getting tricked into prostitutions. The British ensured that the women and girls are safer and more secure

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The British were effective in their methods. We can tell this since the improvement of giving, coolies for example, fair contracts for when they work resulted in the decrease in abuse of coolies. Similar occurrences ended the same way, reduce in crime or unfairness, which tells me the mthods were effective.

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The efforts to ensure law and order in Singapore were not effective as:

-the government could not take legal action on the pirates.

-they decided to send gunboats to patrol the waters but it was not a long-term solution as they could not afford it.

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The efforts of the British were not very effective in maintaining law and order in Singapore. Despite WIlliam Pickering managing to attain a concise understanding of the secret societies and how they functioned, the British were not able to abolish every dangerous secret society as they still operated behind Pickering's back.

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Although the British faced some challenges, they were still able to achieve some success.

The British introduced formal legal systems and institutions, including courts and police forces.

The British military and police forces were effective in suppressing rebellions and maintaining control in the face of resistance

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the british were very effective in ensuring law and order as their contribution helped with the development of singapore greatly

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They were effective in maintaining law and order as the British hired William Pickering to stop prostitution and bring some sense of order to Singapore society for the woman in Singapore and William Pickering tried to protect the coolies by giving them fair contracts since their owners would not pay them for a year or more.

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How effective were British efforts to ensure law and order in Singapore?

I feel that the British's efforts were sometimes effective and sometimes not really. This is because firstly, the British could not understand the dialect and language that the coolies used. However, they had William Pickering which could understand the secret societies well.

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the british was not that effective because it was difficult for THEM TO UNDERSTAND CHINESE DIALECTS

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I think that the British efforts to ensure law and order was effective

1)The british helped by sending William Pickering to address the prosititution.

Helped to protect the woman and girls that were tricked into prositution

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The British efforts to ensure law and order in Singapore was fairly effective. William Pickering managed to understand the Chinese and their problems which helped him to bring some order to Singapore. But they could not help some of the coolies and woman since they did not come forth for help.

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British efforts to maintain law and order were not effective. When the British had to manage the problem about the secret societies, the British only decided to manage the problem several years after the secret societies were formed. The British also did not take any steps to manage the problem for a long time.