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Vimy Ridge Visitor Education Centre, Route des Canadiens, Vimy, France

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Canadas most significant battle in WWI was the battle of Vimmy Ridge. Canadians fought to take back Vimmy Ridge from the Germans where 100000 French soldiers had already lost their lives. Canadians new strategies of a “creeping barrage” shocked the world for this win for Canada was a monumental shift in the war.

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Vimy Ridge Visitor Education Centre, Route des Canadiens, Vimy, France

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Treaty 4: The main reasons the First Nations negotiated in this treaty was to protect the diminishing buffalo herds, economic assistance, and to keep their traditional lands that the Hudsons Bay Company was selling.

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1. The first residential school in Canada, was founded by the Anglican Church. It was called the Mohawk Institute formed in 1831, expressing how the Indian Act started cultural issues involving indigenous peoples in Canada. Residential school were very importat to the relationships of Indigenoues peoples and Europeans. These relations are still impacting Canada today.

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The last functioning residential school in Canada. It was closed in 1997. Represents the theoretical ending of trauma caused by the schools in Residential schools. Although because it ended so recently Indigenous peoples still struggle with generational trauma due to these schools.

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Lower Fort Garry National Historic Site, Provincial Trunk Highway 9, Saint Andrews, MB

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Lower Fort Garry National Historic Site, Provincial Trunk Highway 9, Saint Andrews, MB

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Lower Fort Garry National Historic Site, Provincial Trunk Highway 9, Saint Andrews, MB

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Treaty 1: The Indigenous peoples went into this signing to adress their concerns regarding their territories and preserving them, along with preserving their traditional ways of life during the movement of new settlers.

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Treaty 2: The First Nations were looking to negotiate in treaty 2 took gain security with their traditional lands, create peace and friendship with the crown, and protect their traditional ways of life with the interest of increasing settlement and resource extraction.

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Treaty 3: The First Nations reasons to join the treaty were mainly to preserve their way of life and develop with the world changing.

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Treaty 5: The Indigenous people wanted to secure any benefits and protection that was similar to other treaties. They also wanted to address their economic needs and prevent any government peoples from taking their lands and rights.

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Fort Carlton Provincial Historic Park, Saskatchewan 212, Duck Lake, SK

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Fort Carlton Provincial Historic Park, Saskatchewan 212, Duck Lake, SK

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Fort Carlton Provincial Historic Park, Saskatchewan 212, Duck Lake, SK

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Treaty 6: The Indigenous peoples went into the treaty signing hoping to secure their resources, protection in times of hardship, and a path of peace during the changed brought from colonization.

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Treaty 7: The indigenous peoples goal was to establish peace and stability with the new coming peoples, and with the government. Seeking out a peaceful coexistence, including their rights to hunting and fishing, along with their own rights to their reserves and annuities.

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Treaty 8: Again the main reason the Indigenous peoples went to sign this treaty was to establish peace between the societies. They wished to co-exist with the newly expanding government and settles. A partial reason was to establish peace regarding the resource development and how it would be split evenly.

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Treaty 9: The indigenous peoples wished to protect their traditional ways of life, ensuring they have their rights to hunt and fishing and trap on their own lands. Looking to preserve all their cultural practices and their economy.

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Treaty 10: Indigenous peoples were seeking out protection of their rights to their traditional ways of life and their land, along with a support system for the health of their communities and educational systems.

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The Indigenous and Norse branches of humanity crossed paths closing the circle of global human migration from east to west. This event was monumental moment for expansion across Canada where Norse men and the Indigenous people met and learned how to live in peace.

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Jacques Cartiers first voyage to Canada 

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Jacques Cartiers first voyage to Canada 

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The first landing place of Jacques Cartier on his voyage to find India in 1534. It is in Gaspe Quebec that Cartier claimed the land for France. Cartier establishes relationships with the First Nations peoples including Iroquoian chief Donnocona. This was the foundation to what started European voyages to Canada and eventually the fur trade.

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France is significant to Canada because the beaver hats were the big starting factor to the fur trade in Canada. Which is secluded to France and England because it was where the hats were the most popular.

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Most prominent popularity of the Beaver Hats 

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Most prominent popularity of the Beaver Hats 

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Champlains first landing point in Canada 

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Champlains first landing point in Canada 

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Champlains first voyage to Canada was significant because he formed Quebec City as a way to expand French influence in Canada. By founding Quebec City it became the first permanent French settlement in Canada.

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Most of the Les Filles Du Roi arrives at Canada 

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Most of the Les Filles Du Roi arrives at Canada 

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This is important because these roughly 800 girls were brought to Canada to enhance the population of French settlers. Many of these girls didn’t survive the voyage to Canada. But when they arrived they were aloud to choose a husband that they would carry children for. They would get paid depending on the amount of children they produced.

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The fur trade was primarily centred around the river because it was easier for the European settlers to get there through boat. This post was founded by Samuel De Champlain in 1608. Starting strong relations between the Indigenous peoples and the Europeans because of the reliance they developed to the others trading offers.

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The Hudsons Bay Company was important to Canada because of the lasting impact it had on the fur trade to present day. This post expanded the trading post providing posts across water banks and later would most inland. The Company would provide exchanges in furs, and would benefit the economy in Canada and the relationships between European traders and Indigenous peoples.

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This place is important to the war because it was the starting conflict between Britain and France. A battle for control over territories and trade in North America. The minor conflicts that took place around the Ohio Valley would later escalate to the greater battles of the 7 years war.

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Plains of Abraham, Wilfrid-Laurier Avenue, Québec City, QC

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This battle that took place at what is now known as the PLains of Abraham was a major turning factor for the war. This is where the British established dominance over the French. There victory for Quebec led to the French losing Quebec City and ultimately leading to the British Conquest of Canada.

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This event is important because it shows the great hatred the British and the French had towards each other. For the British had removed the Acadians who were French settlers in what present day knows as Nova Scotia primarily. Some of this removal involved force and much aggression. The expulsion was driven by the Acadians refusing to swear an oath of allegiance to the British Crown.

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This act was passed by the British Parliament in 1774. The goal was to proclaim governance for the newly gained province of Quebec to the British Crown. The Crown had aquired the province from the French due to the Treaty of Paris.

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Treaty of Paris (American Revolutionary War) 

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Treaty of Paris (American Revolutionary War) 

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This treaty was important because it concluded the American Revolutionary War. Officially recognizing the United States as an independent nation, establishing boundaries for the U.S. from the rest of the world.

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Starting conflict in the American Revolution 

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Starting conflict in the American Revolution 

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This is important because it started the Battles within the AMerian Revolution. The battles of Lexington and Concord took place in Massachusetts on April 19, 1775. These were clashes between British citizens and the American colonial militia. The revolution is significant to Canada because of the demographic changes, reinforced British identity, and political restructuring that was necessary after the revolution.

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Boarder between Canada East and West fighting for equality in Legislature

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Boarder between Canada East and West fighting for equality in Legislature

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This is significant because the fight between the two nations would cause political deadlock for Canada. The argument was that even though Canada West had a greater population Canada East should still have the same amount of representation in legislature. This connects to modern day representation of Rep by Pop.

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This conference was held in September of 1864 and was significant because it paved the way for Confederation in Canada. The conference consisted of many leaders from British North America and across Canada, coming together to discuss a possible federal union. This conference never finalized anything, but the Quebec conference that was held later in October developed further terms of a federal union.

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British North America Act forming Canada

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British North America Act forming Canada

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This is important becuse it was the forming of Canada. Consisting of the Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Ontario. With provinces Newfoundland and PEI not joining confederation. The official signing took place in London after the conferences of Charlottetown and Quebec started the discussions.

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After confederation the Canadian government was making decisions to assert greater control over the provinces. This was established under John A. MacDonald governance. Unlike with the U.S. government the states had more control over their state affairs. The government also established the electing system of Rep by Pop. This is significant to modern day Canada because it is the electing system we still use today.

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MacDonald is significant because he was the first elected Prime Minister. This election was important to Canadas history because they would only allow males that were white and owned land to vote. The elections were also not secret. So each person that was eligible to vote would have to openly say who they were voting for. This opened the door for employers to convince their workers to vote a certain way.

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St. Boniface Hospital, Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB

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Louis Riel was a very important piece in the Métis Resistence. HE was a strong leader among the Métis of the Red Rive. Also being involved in discussions for the Manitoba act. With the Métis Resistence, riel was specificllay asked to speak against the government, but the Métis were still overlooked by the government.

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Batoche National Historic Site, Batoche, SK

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The battle of Batoche took lace with the Métis Resistence, where the Métis fought under Gabriel Dumont and Louis Riel. The battle didn’t have great odds so after three days the Métis were forced to surrender while Dumont escaped to the U.S. and Riel surrendered to the Canadian Militia.

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In Canada the building of these aircraft’s was significant because they were designed by a woman names Elsie MacGill. She was often referred to as the “Queen of the Hurricanes”. these planes were designed to be more agile and quick than the other planes. Giving Canada an advantage against the Germans. Thunder Bay is one of the bigger manufacturing factories of the Hurricane aircraft’s.

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This battle is important because it shows the impact that the Hurricanes had on the World War. And the fact that a woman manufactured the idea of the hurricanes makes it so much more significant. That a woman made something so important at a time when women weren’t believed to be of any important use. The Battle of Britain was an air battle, so the speed and agility of the hurricanes is what brought out the win against Germany.

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Prime Minister Robert Bordens birth place 

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Prime Minister Robert Bordens birth place 

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Robert Borden is important to Canadian historian because he started the movement to giving women's rights to vote. The Wartime Elections Act that Borden formed was give female relatives of Canadian soldiers the right to vote. This was the first time that women have been given any rights to vote. But also passed the law on many anti-immigrant sentiments.

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This is important because it was the start of the Second World War. Hitler was able to convince the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlains that he had no intentions to start a war as long as Britain allowed Germany to expand into Sudetenland. Chamberlain had underestimated Hitler for after Germany advanced with Sudetenland Hitler wanted more and caught Britain off guard.

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After Germany attacked Poland, Britain declared war against Germany. Shortly after Canada would declare their support for Britain, regardless of King Georges reassurance that Britain had everything under control. After Britain lost France and Belgium to Germany, Canada jumped into action. To get more people to help from Canada, conscription was declared in Canada. By Canada’s help the war shifted and Britain started t have a stable defence against the Germans.

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Largest internment camp in Canada during World War II

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Largest internment camp in Canada during World War II

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During the 2 World War the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. After the attack Canadians began being suspiciose that the Japanese already living in Canada were involved in some way. So the Canadians established internment camps for any Japanese that came to Canada or were even born in Canada.

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Attack on Pearl Harbor in the 2 World War

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Attack on Pearl Harbor in the 2 World War

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The attack on Pearl Harbor was significant because of the impact it had on Canada starting Japanese internment camps. It was a surprise military attack from the Japanese on the United States. This happened in a way to neutralize the U.S. Pacific fleet. The fleet was a major obstacle to Japans plans to expand into Southeast Asia.

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The Indian Act was a way to deal with the Indigenous peoples in legislature. The act is a law that had governed the lives of Indigenous peoples in Canada since its signing in 1876. It explains the relationship between the Canadian government and Indigenous peoples. Outlining the definition of Indian status, band memberships, and the descriptions of reserves.

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The Komagata Maru was a steamship that was bringing roughly 376 passengers to settle in Canada. These passengers mainly consisted of Sikh and Indian immigrants. On the voyage the ship took many stops to pick up supplies and make the long journey more bareable. Although this would be the reason why the voyage was so significant to Canada.

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This was important because the incident regarded a law in Canada on how immigrants cannot settle in Canada if they take any stops on the voyage to Canada. The Komagata Maru took many stops and therefore were stopped from even getting off the boat. Many of the passenger were denied but only few who were Canadian citizens were aloud to enter after a long standoff. After the incident Canada experienced extreme racism towards Asians and many immigrants all together.

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This murder case is important because of the controversy it arose in Canada when it happened. Robert Latimer had killed his daughter Tracy who had Cerebral Palsy. Latimer claimed that by killing her it was a loving act of mercy to free her from her pain. This murder case brought forward topics of inequality to disabled people, and the idea of medically assisted death. Therefore making the case significant to laws within Canada.

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Sue Rodriquez fighting for Medically Assisted Death 

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Sue Rodriquez fighting for Medically Assisted Death 

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Rodriquez fight for medically assisted death in the 1950s, Saanich is where she lived that is why it is an important place. Medically assisted death was legalized in Canada in 2016. This pleased many people as it gave Canadians the right to die with dignity for many reasons. Like a sickness like Tracy Latimer or the elders.

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Queen Elizabeths death was significant to Canada because was the British Crown ruling over Canada. This was a moment that would forever be remembered in Canada and eventually because an important moment in Canadian history. Because of how long the Queen ruled over Canada, many people would only remember Elizabeth the II being the Queen.

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This day originated in Williams Lake, BC by a survivor of Residenial schools. Her name is Phyllis Webstad. And her story is what is recognized for orange shirt day because of how the school treated her when she wore an orange shirt on her first day at the school. This day is honoured all across Canada to commemorate the many stories of Residentil school survivors that don’t get shared.

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In Newfoundland St Johns Terry Fox started his marathon of hope. His run is important to Canada because it symbolizes the hardships that cancer brings but also that you can always try and do something. That the things happening to you don’t define you. This is so significant to Canadians everywhere because of the message his run sent and the money he gained for Cancer research.

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This place is significant to Canadas history because of the awareness for cancer that Terry built by the end of his run. The run lasted 143 days and 5,373km. But Terry was forced to stop around Thunder Bay due to his cancer returning and spreading to his lungs. But by the end of his run Terry raised $24.2 million for cancer research. These donation still continue to this day and their is a Terry Fox walk every year to commemorate all that Terry did for cancer awareness.

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Allan Gardens, Gerrard Street East, Toronto, ON

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This riot is significant because it shows how the events of the past still are important to this day. The 60s Scoop involved the removal or “scooping” of indigenous children from their homes. Taking place in the 60s, and the name cane from a researcher Patrick Johnston in his report on Indigenous children in the child welfare system.

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In May of 2020 George Floyd was murdered by a police officer who was trying to arrest him after a store clerk suspected Floyd used counterfeit money. This event impacted people across the U.S. and into Canada. It started the Black Lives Matter movement, being a monumental moment in the world to realize that racism still happens and the world needs to be better.