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Justinian I served as the emperor of Byzantine from 527 till 565. He was known for expanding the Byzantine Enmpire into Europe, Africa, and Asia. Justinian was also known for 'Justinians Code', a series of Roman codefied laws and legal inteperations.

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The Great Schism was the separation of of the Eastern and Western churches. The Western Church was led by the Pope and was called Roman Catholic. The Eastern Church was led by the emperor and was known as the Orthodox Church.

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In 1204, Crusaders attacked and conquered the city of Constantinople. Later, in 1453, the Ottoman Turks permanently conquered the city and renamed it Istanbul. Another factor in the fall of Byzantine was the Great Schism, that separated the churches.

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Three expanisons of Islamic Empire 622-750

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Three expanisons of Islamic Empire 622-750

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The first expansion occurred under the reign of Muhammed from 622 to 632. The next expansion occurred during the reign of the Rashidun Caliphate from 632 to 661. The last expansion happened during the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate

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Muslim armies defeated at the Battle of Tours in 732

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Muslim armies defeated at the Battle of Tours in 732

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The muslim armies were defeated by the Franks at the Battle of Tours in 732. The Franks victory ended the Umayyad conquest into Europe and mordern- day France.

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Baghdad was captured and invaded by the Mongols. Much of the insfracture and irrigation was destroyed and many people died. The canals were cut forcing many people out of the city.

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Rise of Western African Kingdoms 830-1460

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Rise of Western African Kingdoms 830-1460

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The Ghana Kingdom relies on trading gold and salt. The Gold in Ghana came from Savanah and Salt deposits in the Sahara Desert. This important trade took place in the trans-Saharan trade. The Mali Kingdom also gained its wealth from gold and its city, Timbuktu, became the center of trade. Lastly, the Kingdom of Songhai, formed around the Niger river, captured the city of Timbuktu and was lead by Sunni Ali and Askia Muhammad.

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Mansa Musa was the ruler of Mali from 1312 C.E. to 1337 C.E. Musa was a devoted Muslim who was responsible for the development of Ghana and made it grow twice in size. Timbuktu was the center of trade because Musa ordered mosques and universities to be built.

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The Roman Empire fell due to political turmoil, invasion, and disease. During the Migration Period, widespread invasions of Germanic tribes occurred and the Romans were unable to fight their invaders. Disloyalty from the military and distrust in the government caused people to take matters into their own hands. Many plagues struck the Roman Empire and took the lives of many citizens.

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Charlemagne Anointed Holy Roman Emperor 742-814

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Charlemagne Anointed Holy Roman Emperor 742-814

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Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Emperor in 800 AD, this alliance helped the Church to become a powerful political power. Most of Western Europe became a part of this new Christian empire.

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The Crusades were a series of religious wars fought between Christinians and Muslims. Crusaders belived they would be granted salvation and the entrance into heaven if they went to war. A total of 4 Crusades occured in the span of two centuries.

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The Bubonic plague, also known as the black death was the spread of a deadly disease that originated in Mongolia's Gobi desert and moved along the Silk Road into Europe. The black death was so dangerous that it took the lives of 75-200 million people in the Middle Ages. The ultimate cause of this plague was a rat flea from Asia.