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1. 7th July 2005 52 people killed by suicide bombers in London
2. 16th June 2016 Murder of labour mp Jo Cox
3. 22nd march 2017 5 killed and dozens injured In west minister

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PSTD (Post traumatic stress disorder) is where an individual goes through a very tough and impactful event in their life and as a result of this the outcome and impact of the event stays with the person for a long time and the trauma that they endured causes them stress in later life.

Terror attacks are a popular cause for people who experience PSTD. During terror attacks people who are directly affected by the attack can experience stress due to the pain and shock that the attack caused them and they may not be able to stop thinking about what happened and being affected by it. The pain and injury to others such as screaming and loss of limbs can also cause PTSD as it can have an everlasting impact on a person that their were people suffering and they could not do anything to help.

The 2005 London Underground bombings are an example of a terrorist attack in which people who experienced it can suffer with PTSD.

In future to help prevent and reduce the long lasting effects of PSTD people who are suffering should be provided counselling and treatment soon after the event has happened to help tackle the trauma early.

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When a terrorist attack occurs it can have a major impact on tourism. The main result of terrorism on tourism is that it significantly reduces. When a terror attack occurs the main reason people who are regular tourists and travel around a lot stop doing what they normally do is through fear. When terrorist attacks occur most people want to stay away from the area in which the attack has occurred as they are scared that they could go there and a terrorist attack will happen and affect them. They believe that one one terror attack happens somewhere the risk of another terrorism attack happening soon after is high when that is not the case. Typically after a terrorist attack occurs the place in which is has occurred will be at its safest therefore making the danger level and risk of a terrorist attack actually much lower than it would normally be. This is because post terror attack when a country or city is in its recovery stage there are far more police officers around on the street and the security in many places are strengthened significantly.

Terrorist attacks can also have a major impact on the economy. The clearest effect that terrorist attacks have on the economy is physical destruction. When a terrorist attack occurs there is usually a large amount of physical destruction. Examples of things that are destroyed are existing plants, machines and transportation systems. On a smaller scale destruction to cafes, churches and roads. This has a major impact on the economy as most of the time it is expensive systems and building that get destroyed therefore losing loads of money that had been used to build these facilities. It can also affect workers massively and the natural flow of the economy as terrorist attacks can cause people’s freedom of movement and travel to be reduced therefore causing people to be unable to go into work.

EXAMPLE ECONOMY: One major terror attack that had an effect on the economy was 911. When the 2 planes hit the towers in 2001 stock markets immediately nosedived and almost every economic sector was damaged. The US was already suffering a moderate recession and the terror attacks added further injury to the struggling business community.
EXAMPLE TOURISM + ECONOMY : The lack of tourism itself can also have a big impact on the economy. Tourism can be a high source of gross domestic product in some countries for example in France tourism has accounted for 7 to 8% of gross domestic product for nine straight years. Therefore after France suffered their terrorist attacking that had a 30% decline of visitors which would have a major impact on the economy.

In the future in order to stop or at least reduce the rate of reduction in tourists going to specific countries they could try to provide a better level of assurance to people such as having police at all the train stations and places of travel. This would provide a good level of confidence in people therefore potentially preventing a decrease in tourism.

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Respect and tolerance is understanding that we all don’t share the same beliefs and values. It is respecting the values, ideas and beliefs of others whilst not imposing our own on others. Tolerance is linked to British values and it is the willingness to accept, habits or beliefs that are different from your own. Terrorism has had a major impact on people’s tolerance of other people’s beliefs and backgrounds. This occurs due to the responsibility of some terrorist attacks which cause mass murder and destruction being claimed by certain religious groups. This can cause certain individuals who live in the country or place where the attack took place to start to resent the particular culture of the person who actually committed the attack or the group who claimed responsibility for it. This has a significant impact on everyone’s mutual respect for one another as it causes people to begin to treat people differently and with little respect even if they don’t know them and if they have nothing to do with the attack at all. This creates a more hostile and disbanded society as you have people randomly showing no respect to others of particular religion and races in their normal daily life. Community inclusion is the opportunity to live and exist as a contributing member of the community while being valued for one’s abilities and uniqueness regardless of any disabilities. Community/Social inclusion is important for a persons dignity, security and opportunity to have a better life. In being inclusive we are reducing the amount of people who feel unwanted and lonely in society as they will feel included in a larger group.

Shamima Begum is an example of where British tolerance comes into play. Shamima Begum when she was 15 decided to leave England and join terrorist group Isis where she created a new life for herself. A few years later Shamima Begum wanted to come back to the UK and resume the life that she left behind. Shamima was denied by the uk and all of her appeals ever since this decision have not been won by Shamima. This is an example of British tolerance for terrorist groups and people who are heavily associated with terrorist groups. This incident can also be linked to respect as for Shamima Begum in her leaving the uk to join isis in the first place is showing a lack of respect to the UKs guidelines and rules. Asking to come back after leaving could also be deemed as a lack of respect.

The case of Darren Osborne could be heavily linked to tolerance. Darren Osborne was a 48 year old man who ploughed into a crowd of Muslims in his van near a north London mosque. It was decided by the judge that the attack was a suicide mission and that Darren carried out the attack expecting his death to come by him being shot down by the police. Darren Osborne was later found to have carried this attack out due to a hatred he had towards Muslims. This was first indicated by a letter that was found in his van which he had written referring to Muslims as “rapists” and “feral.”

COMPARISON: Both the Shamima Begum case and the Darren osbourne case deal with levels of tolerance however the severity of both incidents is very different. Shamima Begum hadn’t done any direct damaged or caused any direct harm to the citizens living in the UK where she originated however britains tolerance level was still weak due to the organisation she left and joined and what they had done as an organisation as opposed to what she dad sone as an individual. In comparison Darren Osborne had directly carried out an attack on people injuring and killing people in the process. This would still cause tolerance levels to decrease but it is likely that tolerance will decrease at a far higher rate as a result of what Darren Osbourne done as people were majorly affected as a direct result of his actions.

In the future in order for us as a community to have better respect for one another we need to all make an effort to gain some understanding of other people faiths and beliefs even if you don’t agree or believe in them yourself. In doing this people will be more understanding of the religious requirements people have and if everyone knows and understands the beliefs less people will look at the requirements as so different and foreign to what they believe and see on a day to day basis.

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Community inclusion is the opportunity to live and exist as a contributing member of the community while being valued for one’s abilities and uniqueness regardless of any disabilities. Community/Social inclusion is important for a persons dignity, security and opportunity to have a better life. In being inclusive we are reducing the amount of people who feel unwanted and lonely in society as they will feel included in a larger group.

An EXAMPLE of something that can damage community inclusion is terrorist attacks. When a terror attack happens it is common for people in a community to turn on the people who are of the race or religion in which the terrorist was also of.

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PTSD and Community inclusion (Comparison)

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PTSD and Community inclusion (Comparison)

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COMPARISON: PSTD can link closely with community inclusion. People who are suffering with PTSD are having trouble coming to terms with past attempts and this can often lead to episodes of panic at different spontaneous times. This can affect the way people see and accept the person with PTSD therefore linking with community inclusion. A person with PTSD despite it not being their fault may not get the same opportunities as others in the community and as a result effecting community inclusion.

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When a terror attack happens there can be a major impact on both British values and tourism. Tourism can be impacted because people often don’t want to travel to the country in which the attack has taken place. In the same way a terror attack can have a negative impact on British values as peoples respect and tolerance can be significantly weakened post attack. The impact terrors attacks have on British values is more important than the impact on tourism however as when people’s tolerance and respect dissipates it can cause many other issues as a result of it. It creates a large amount of hostility for a lot of people as there are loads of institutions and workplaces where people of various backgrounds work together and if there are  tolerance issues is can cause many other problems which have all stemmed as a result of the terror attack.