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Read and watch the following timeline to learn about the events in the American Civil War. These documents and videos will provide the necessary information.

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The battle of Fort Sumter was the battle that initiated the Civil War. Taken place on April 12, 1861, the first shots of the Civil War were fired by Confederate forces in Fort Sumter, South Carolina. Ultimately, the battle ended in Confederate victory after Union member John Anderson surrendered Fort Sumter to Confederate forces.

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Women played significant roles as spies during the Civil War on both sides. Some, like Belle Boyd and Rose O'Neal Greenhow (1861) for the Confederacy, were known for their espionage activities, providing valuable information to their respective armies. Women often used their social connections or worked as nurses or servants to gather intelligence. Their contributions were crucial, providing vital information about troop movements, strategies, and supplies. Many of these women operated covertly, facing risks of imprisonment or even execution if caught. Their efforts greatly impacted the course of the war.

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(May 3rd, 1861) The Anaconda Plan also known as Scott's Great Snake. The initial Union strategy involved secluding Confederate ports to sever cotton exports and prevent the import of manufactured goods; the strategy included using federal/violent forces to divide Confederacy into distinct regions called theaters.

Western fell between the Mississippi and Appalachians, Eastern was located in Virginia and used ground and naval forces to separate the Confederacy into three distinct theaters. In the press it was known as the "Anaconda Plan," as a metaphor originating from the snake that crushes its prey to death, this strategy proved successful.

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A diplomatic strategy was designed to pressure Great Britain, the most powerful nation in the world, into an agreement with the Confederacy by cutting off the supply of cotton, Britain’s primary raw material for its predominant textile industry.

Before the American Civil War, cotton produced in the American South was 77 percent which is 800 million in Britains economy . After Britain had declared its neutrality in the American war in May 1861, Confederate President, Jefferson Davis – a Mississippi planter, Secretary of War under U.S. President Franklin Pierce, and former U. S. senator – strongly supported what became known as King Cotton diplomacy. Confederate leaders believed an informal embargo on cotton would lead Great Britain into formal recognition of the Confederacy and to diplomatic intervention with other European countries on behalf of the South.

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Background information: The battle of Antietam, started on September 17, 1862, is commonly known as America’s Bloodiest day. The battle, fought between Union & Confederate members, gets its significance from being the bloodiest one-day battle. Robert E. Lee, Confederate Commander, invaded Maryland in 1862 with the intention of capturing the Federal capital in Washington, D.C. At this point, George B. McClellan, a Union general, was sent by President Abraham LIncoln to defend Republican control of the Congress. The battle ultimately came to an end inconclusively.

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The siege of Vicksburg, a part of the Vicksburg Campaign in the Civil War, began on May 18, 1863 and ended July 4, 1863. The Union's troops during Vicksburg were commanded by Ulysses S Grant, the commander of the North's forces in the Civil War and future president. Grant was determined to prevail as Vicksburg would be a pivotal battle, boosting the Union's morale. The siege was just a piece, or a fraction of the Union’s whole plan. The siege was part of the Union’s strategy to gain control of key Confederate strongholds. This 47- day battle was very significant to the Civil War because as a result of Union victory, the Union gained control of the Mississippi river, which was a critical supply line, and divided the Confederacy in half. This gave the Union the ability to transport goods to the North with little complications.

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Massachusetts 54th Regiment Video (March 13th, 1863)

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Massachusetts 54th Regiment Video (March 13th, 1863)

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The 54th Of Massachusetts | Stories Of Courage | Episode 2

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What can you infer from the Massachusetts 54th Regiment Video (March 13th, 1863)?

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United States Colored Troops (May 22nd, 1863) 

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United States Colored Troops (May 22nd, 1863) 

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Black Soldiers (United States Colored Troops): The Civil War in Four Minutes

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Gettysburg: Lasting three days from July 1- July 3, 1863, the battle of Gettysburg marked a pivotal turning point in the American Civil War. The battle was yet another Union victory in the Civil War. With the intention of ending the Civil War, Confederate general Robert E. Lee invaded the North. However, Union troops ultimately took the victory during the battle of Gettysburg. This battle was considered a turning point because it repelled Robert. E Lee’s invasion and boosted Union morale. It reflected that the Union could sufficiently stand against Confederate forces in the Civil War. As a result of combating Robert. E Lee’s plan, this caused Confederate forces to change their strategy to defense, which meant they were launching less attacks on the Union.

Gettysburg Address: The Gettysburg Address is one of the most famous speeches in American history, delivered by President Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863, during the dedication ceremony of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The address was delivered in the midst of the American Civil War, four and a half months after the Union Army decisively defeated the Confederate Army at the Battle of Gettysburg.

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The Battle of Gettysburg: The Civil War in Four Minutes

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The Draft Riots, also known as the Draft Week or Draft Disturbances, were a series of violent civil disturbances that occurred in New York City in July 1863 during the American Civil War. The riots were sparked by the implementation of the first federal conscription (draft) in U.S. history, which aimed to provide additional troops for the Union Army.

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The Atlanta Campaign was a series of battles that took place during the Civil War. General William T. Sherman launched the campaign in efforts to seize Atlanta because it was a prominent industrial location and transportation vessel for the Confederacy. Sherman’s war tactics and destructiveness was a critical cause in weakening the Confederate Army. The campaign consisted of several battles, such as the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, Battle of Jonesborough, and the Battle of Resaca. The Atlanta Campaign was also a direct cause of Sherman’s March to Sea of November 15, 1864. The successful seizure of Atlanta marked a turning point in the war. The fall of Atlants blocked the Confederate’s ability to fight wars effectively, which contributed to the defeat of the Southern states. The campaign also had political effects, and it influenced the presidential election in favor of Abraham Lincoln, Union General.

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Sherman’s March to the Sea(Nov 15, 1864 – Dec 21, 1864)

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Sherman’s March to the Sea(Nov 15, 1864 – Dec 21, 1864)

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Sherman’s March to the Sea was a 285-mile march from Atlanta to Savannah, where William T. Sherman led over 60,000 soldiers. This was an intimidation tactic to try to weaken the Confederate’s ability to engage in war. During the march, Sherman and his troops destroyed crucial things to the war effort of the Confederates in some of Georgia’s greatest cities. Sherman’s forces destroyed important infrastructure and connections on their way to Savannah, including railroads and factories. They also struck the South’s civilian population in hopes of convincing them to disengage from the Civil War.

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How did the Civil war lead to the need for reconstruction?

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Women roles as Military Soldiers (1861-1865)

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Women roles as Military Soldiers (1861-1865)

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Some women dressed up as men to join the army during the Civil War. They fought on both sides but mostly in the Union Army. They used fake names like Sarah Emma Edmonds, who became Franklin Thompson, or Loreta Janeta Velázquez, who pretended to be Harry T. Buford. They did this for different reasons—some for adventure, some to support their side, and some to be independent. It was tough for them because they had to hide their true identities, but some managed to serve without anyone finding out. Their bravery and determination were remarkable considering the limitations society placed on women back then.

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During the Civil War, women stepped up big time as nurses. They weren’t just helpers; they were crucial in caring for the wounded soldiers. Picture this: crowded hospitals filled with injured fighters from both sides, and in the midst of chaos, these women, like Clara Barton and Dorothea Dix, were like beacons of hope. Their work wasn’t easy. Hospitals were jam-packed, supplies were scarce, and diseases spread like wildfire. But these women didn’t back down. They rolled up their sleeves and worked tirelessly, tending to the injured soldiers. They didn’t just provide medical care; they were there with comforting words, making a scary situation a bit easier to bear. And get this, they weren’t just patching people up. They also brought in better ways to keep things clean. Their efforts meant fewer infections and more soldiers pulling through. It wasn’t just about the immediate care; they were laying down the foundations for nursing to become the respected profession it is today in the USA. Their hard work and dedication saved countless lives and set a high bar for healthcare and compassion.

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Clara Barton | Founder Of The American Red Cross

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The writing of habeas corpus is often considered a fundamental safeguard against unlawful imprisonment. When a person believes they are being held in custody without proper legal authority, they or someone acting on their behalf can petition the court for a writ of habeas corpus. This legal mechanism allows the court to review the legality of the detention and, if it finds the detention to be unlawful, order the release of the person.

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Throughout the Civil war there were many notable African American spies, specifically Robert Smalls and Abraham Galloway. Robert Smalls, an enslaved African American, spent many years working on ships in which during the start of the Civil war, he spent much of his time working abroad on a ship called “The Planter”. During his time abroad, the Planter was a ship that carried military weapons and ammunition for the confederate army. However, on May 13, 1862, Smalls took control of the Planter, and delivered the ship and cargo to the Union. This clever action eventually led Smalls to becoming a free man and a seat in congress. Additionally, Abraham Galloway is another remarkable name in the realm of African American spies. Like Smalls, Galloway was an enslaved African American as well, although he eventually escaped enslavement in North Carolina. Galloway's preeminent action in Haiti such as joining revolutionaries to attack the American south, caused him to work with the Union as a spy during the civil war, recruiting other black soldiers to fight for the North.

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During the Civil war, African Americans were a key element to both the Union and Confederate army, although after the victory of the Union, the prejudice within the Military still persisted. At the end of the Civil war, 179,000 black men served in the military in which ten percent came from the Union army. As being a soldier, many of these black men would serve in jobs pertaining to artillery and infantry although the pervasive prejudice they received didn’t allow them to regularly serve on the battlefield. As the racial prejudice and segregation permeated the military black men were often commanded by white officers and paid less than their white counterparts. For instance, at first black men were being paid ten dollars a month, however three dollars were taken out of their initial amount for clothing, leaving them with seven dollars left. Yet, their white counterparts were receiving thirteen dollars a month with no money deducted from their paychecks for clothing. Although in 1864, Congress granted equal pay and equal healthcare rights to African American men. Ultimately, many black women who could not join the army partook in activities such as nursing, spies and scouts.

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War photos tell tales about the fighting. Narratives of individuals they portray, typically under the most agonizing circumstances of their existence. We are able to learn about other people's suffering because of these pictures. It was a challenging process to become proficient in a studio, and working outside was considerably more challenging. Photographers made do with a makeshift darkroom, carried their equipment about on a wagon, and learned how to handle chemicals in both scalding heat and freezing cold.