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A major key is a set of different musical notes, which will take the same type of pitches from its major scale, and will create the basis of the piece making it sound happier and cheerful. The major key is always related to a major scale. On the other hand  The minor key is always based on the minor scale. The minor keys are also a set of musical notes, which created a sadder and gloomy feel to the piece. The minor key must also always have a corresponding major key.

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How are the major and minor keys being used in music?

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How are the major and minor keys being used in music?

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In music from what has been understood, a major key produces bright and happy (positive tone) sounding notes. These generally make the listeners of the piece feel happy, and makes them feel like being at home or something comforting. On the other hand a minor key produces a more serious and pensive sound, making the listener pf the piece feel more intense as it makes the sadder/darker emotions and thoughts behind the piece stand out.  From this, I can tell that a major key will be used to create happier songs such as a celebratory piece of an uplifting one such as happy birthday. On the other hand a minor key would be used to create sadder music for occasions like funerals, etc…

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How to find the relative minor of the major keys?

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How to find the relative minor of the major keys?

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how to fin the relative minor of  the major keys?

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how to fin the relative minor of  the major keys?

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From what I have found out, to find a relative minor of a major key you must go through one simple process.  This process requires to locate the sixth note in the major scale of the major key, which with you can determine the relative minor. An example would be in the C major scale, where it goes C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C. In this example A would be the sixth, meaning that A minor is the relative key of C major.

Another way you can find the relative minor of a major key is through a simple memorization of the circle of fifths, which has all of the major keys minor relatives.

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Please draw Sharps and flats on different clefs.

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Please draw Sharps and flats on different clefs.

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In simple terms, a cadence in music is a type of chord progression which contains 2 or more chords which function to decide how a section of music will sound when finished.

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From what I have understood, in this essay we must first showcase our understanding of general knowledge based on major and minor keys, chords, and Candance's. The second part of this assessment requires us to use this knowledge,  and accurately add a variety of chords to the song of happy birthday which will maintain its original meaning and feel, but making it sound more harmonized and positive. Additionally we can add different cadences to impact the ending of different phrases.

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A cadence is 2 chord progression which usually happens at the end of a phrase (in music), where depending on the type creates a feel of full or partial competition of the bard/piece.

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What should I know before I begin my SA?

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What should I know before I begin my SA?

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What are the four cadences? List them all out and explain the differences and functions

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What are the four cadences? List them all out and explain the differences and functions

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How Do Different Cadences Affect Emotion and Mood?

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How Do Different Cadences Affect Emotion and Mood?

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difffrent Candace and their effect of emotion and mood.

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difffrent Candace and their effect of emotion and mood.

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In music the cadences are very important as they have the ability to affect the emotion and mood of a piece in which they are used, as they provide a sense of resolution at the musical section.

Perfect cadence: This makes the piece end strongly and smoothly which in terms provides the piece with a feel of peace and satisfaction as the ending is smooth.

Plagal cadence: This has a more gentle finish, which gives more of a calm and relaxing finishing feel.

Imperfect cadence: The imperfect cadence leaves a suspenseful feel and emotion in the piece as it doesn't have a smooth or string ending such as the cadence of the finished sections.

INterrupted cadence: this like on the name provides the listener of the music section a more anticipated and shocked feel, as it ends the piece abruptly when they expert it to be a perfect cadence.

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Before I begin to do this SA, in which I am required to change the happy birthday piece using what we have learned in this quarter, I must learn all the basic ideas of chords. This would mean that I have to properly understand the different major and minor keys, as this will help me make sure that the keys I use still provide that positive and cheerful energy to the piece. I would then need to properly know about chords and how to make them so that it would have the proper structure and produce a good harmony. Lastly i would need to also know a bit on cadences to properly use them to end each phrase in the piece, according to what sound straight and what sounds best.

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A triad consists of three notes stacked in consecutive thirds. A triad is also called a chord as well as a harmony. On the other hand a tonic triad is a chord of three different notes, which the first is a tonic in the scale. The tonic triad follows the root note (1st), then the middle note(3rd) and the final note (5th).

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Describe the process of adding the chords and cadence in your SA.

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Describe the process of adding the chords and cadence in your SA.

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Are cadences compulsory for every music?

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Are cadences compulsory for every music?

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from what i have understood, yes. This would be due to the fact that not having a candace means there are no phrases in the piece and not proper finishing that provide emotions and mood to the piece.

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To  edit this piece I went through a multiple step process which allowed me to use the chords and cadences which had the best sound and relation to pieces' emotions and message.

1. The first step I have taken to edit this piece was finding a specific software (muse score) which would allow me to edit and add notes according to what was provided for  use to edit. Using this software I was able to copy the pdf file provided and make it into a place where I could edit it and listen to the piece.

2. The second step I took in creating this piece was to find the best key of the song,which was a major key as it showcased the original sound of the happy birthday song. Using this I then decided to use C major keys to create the chords I would add, as the major keys provide a more positive harmony to the piece which is what is intended in happy birthday.

3. Before finalising the chords added, I did a little bit more extra research on candances to strengthen my knowledge on where to put the chord of different candace and how they could affect the songs harmony and mood.

4. Then to complete this task, I simply arranged the created chords into the specific candace before the ending of a phrase (used perfect and imperfect) to make it sound more complete before starting a new one. After that I simply recorded the sound and submitted the task.

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A diatonic scale is a scale in music which consists of a total of 7 different notes. The diatonic scale has 2 half steps/semitones, and 5 whole steps/tone.

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List out all the # key signatures and b key signatures in the correct order ( total of 30 major scales and their relative minor scales )

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List out all the # key signatures and b key signatures in the correct order ( total of 30 major scales and their relative minor scales )

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Briefly explain your choice of the chords and cadence.

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Briefly explain your choice of the chords and cadence.

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What have you learned in the music conceptual this quarter so far?

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What have you learned in the music conceptual this quarter so far?

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In this quarter in  music, we mainly focused on learning on major and minor keys and how their uses affect the mood and tonality of a song. In part we also learned the circle of fifths which did  not only help us learn more on minor and major keys, but allowed us to better memories and understand the key signatures of different majors/minors. Additionally, in this quarter we have learnt how to construct a variety of chords using the idea of root, middle note and 5th note as our basic knowledge to understand it better. We also learn more in depth about triads and tonics. Lastly in this quarter we learnt about the use of cadences in a music piece and how important they are to shape the ending of musical sections.  All of what we have learned this quarter, allowed us to complete our SA task more efficiently and correctly.

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A diatonic chord, are basically chores that come from notes for a specific type of key, which are all connected due to the use of the same set of notes form the specific key.

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# Key Signatures:

C Major/ A minor (0 sharps) = N/A

G Major/E minor (1 sharp) = F#

D Major/ B minor (2 sharps) = F#, C#

A Major/ F# minor(3 sharps) = F#, C#, G#

E Major/ C# minor (4 sharps) = F#, C#, G#, D#

B Major/ G# minor (5 sharps) = F#, C#, G#, D#, A#

F# Major/Eb minor (6 sharps) = F#, C#, G#, D#, A#, E#

b key signatures:

C Major/A minor  (0 flats) = N/A

F Major/D minor  (1 flat) = Bb

Bb Major/ G minor (2 flats) = Bb, Eb

Eb Major/ C minor  (3 flats) = Bb, Eb, Ab

Ab Major/ F minor (4 flats) = Bb, Eb, Ab, Db

Db Major/ Bb minor (5 flats) = Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb

Gb Major/ Eb minor (6 flats) = Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb

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What’s the SOI for this quarter? How can you relate what you have learned andcorrespond to the SOI? 

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What’s the SOI for this quarter? How can you relate what you have learned andcorrespond to the SOI? 

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Cadence contributes to the shaping of Musical structure, Expression, and Communication.

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What’s the formula for the diatonic chords in major?

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What’s the formula for the diatonic chords in major?

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The SOI of this quarter is “Cadence contributes to the shaping of Musical structure, Expression, and Communication.”. As mentioned above, I have learnt the proper use of cadences and how they affect the final sound and completion of a section in music. This SOI completely related back to when i learnt on how the use of cadences effect how the phrase is received by the viewer which in terms also affects the communication between the composer and listener.

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5) What is the formula in diatonic chords

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5) What is the formula in diatonic chords

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The diatonic chords work on creating major chords, therefore those diatonic chores with major qualities use a special formula which is I, IV and V. Example, if the diatonic major is C the chord would be (I chord) C-E-G.

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What’s the Global Context and how does it connect to what you have learned?- GC: Orientation in Time and Space

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What’s the Global Context and how does it connect to what you have learned?- GC: Orientation in Time and Space

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How do you construct diatonic chords for a diatonic scale? 

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How do you construct diatonic chords for a diatonic scale? 

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The global context in this quarter is Orientation in Time and Space. While gathering what i have learnt in class and online, i have learnt that teh use of difffrent chords and candace has evolved over time to provide difffrent moods and emotions i trough musical pieces.

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The process to create a diatonic chord is very simple as it just requires you to choose a specific major/minor key and then stack the thirds from each note, into different triads creating a diatonic chord. Example, if I choose C major, it would be C-E-G. This will make all of the chords sound nice in that specific chosen key.

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The key concept in this quarter would be Communication. This directly related to both main topics learnt which was major and minor keys, as well as difffrent cadences. The reason behinds this is due to the fact that i have learnt how the use of these additional implantations effect the communication the composer has with the viewers through the emotion and mood of the piece.

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Related concept: Boundaries and Innovation

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Related concept: Boundaries and Innovation

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There 3 types of minor scales, which are natural minor, harmonic minor and melodic minor .

Natural minor: A natural minor follows the accessing sequence  (for both accessing and descending) of W-H-W-W-H-W-W.

Harmonic minor: The harmonic minor goes in an accessing sequence (for both accessing and descending) of W‑H‑W‑W‑H‑3Hs‑H. IN which 3Hs is 3 half steps.

Melodic minor: The melodic minor consists of a half and half steps ascending order W‑H‑W‑W‑W‑W‑H, and W‑W‑H‑W‑W‑H‑W as the descending succession.

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A chord progression is at least 3 notes which are played together, in a chosen sequence. This chord progress will determine the harmonic base of the music being composed, and will affect the overall emotional expression and tonal use of the piece.

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4) choices of chords and Candances used  

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4) choices of chords and Candances used  

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In this assessment piece I have implemented chords and cadences  so I had to properly decide which would be best to keep the emotion of the song, and make it have the same meaning.

Chords:

1. When it comes to the use of chords, I have chosen to use major key C chords,  as it helped create a positive and happy mood in the music piece , compared to if I would've used a minor key for the harmony. The use of these major key c chords made composition not only be more harmonic and have more personality, but it also made the song sound happier and more positive which is adequate for a celebratory piece of a birthday, as it is a happy event.

2. I did not use any chords in bar 6 (descending area of the song), as I wanted to maintain that area more which is more relaxing and cheerfu.to as well as to bring that one soothing energy emotion into the atmosphere of the piece effectively.

Candaces:

1. In the first 2 bars of the piece, I used a perfect cadence, as at the ending of the specific phrase I used a C I chord making it sound more complete, as it moved onto the next phrase. I chose this as I wanted it to sound like a complete phrase, as it had a longer type of pause.

2. In the last few phrases of the piece, I used a plagal cadence as I used IV - I. this allowed it to have a more gentle and smooth finish of the entire happy birthday piece.

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There are a total of 2 groups of cadences, which are Finished and Unfinished. In the finished type , there are perfect/authentic cadences and plagal cadences. On the other hand the unfinished type has 2 types which are the imperfect  cadence and interrupted cadences.

Perfect/authentic cadence: The perfect cadence gives a hard and smooth finish using V - I (chord 5 to 1).

Plagal cadence: The plagal cadence has a more gentle yet also smooth finished sounding ending to the phrase, with the use of IV - I (chord 1 to 4).

Imperfect cadence:  The imperfect cadence gives the ending of the phrase an unfinished sound, using I - V, II - V, and IV - V.

Interrupted cadence: The last cadence would be the interrupted cadence which as said in the name has an unexpected ending sound, as it uses the chord V - VI (chord  5 to 6), while it was excited to be V - I.

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The related concept this quarter is Boundaries and Innovation. The innovation aspect of this is in relation to what we have learnt as the use of chords are an inovative way to add harmony to the piece in a way that it doesnt effect how it sounds but still adds emotions and moods.

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“Relative Scales in Music: Learn to Use Relative Key Changes - 2023.” MasterClass, www.masterclass.com/articles/guide-to-relative-scales-in-music. Accessed 3 Dec. 2023.

Kocur, John, et al. “Minor Scales, Scale Degrees, and Key Signatures.” OPEN MUSIC THEORY, 1 July 2021, viva.pressbooks.pub/openmusictheory/chapter/minor-scales/#:~:text=There%20are%20three%20different%20types,harmonic%20minor%20%2C%20and%20melodic%20minor%20.