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1. Сложная взаимосвязь между анонимностью и идентичностью

2. Как анонимность может как скрывать, так и раскрывать

3. Философские взгляды на «невидимое»

4. Анонимность как «симулякр» и ее последствия

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1: Историческая эволюция:

2: Этические последствия:

3: Социальное воздействие:

4: Политическая роль:

5: Конструирование идентичности:

6 Рассмотрение противоречий и сложностей:

7 Определение направлений для будущих исследований:

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Список пяти ключевых источников (более 100 страниц каждый):

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Список пяти ключевых источников (более 100 страниц каждый):

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Розанов, В.В. (1994). Собрание сочинений. Том 2. Мимолетное. М.: Республика. (539 с.) - https://imwerden.de/pdf/rosanov_mimoletnoe.pdf

Петровская, Елена (2012). Безымянные сообщества. М.: ООО «Фаланстер». (384 с.) - https://imwerden.de/pdf/petrovskaya_bezymyannye_soobshhestva_2012.pdf

Петровская, Елена (2010). Теория образа. М.: Издательство Российского государственного гуманитарного университета. (278 с.) - https://phc.hse.ru/data/2013/12/11/1339153379/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%95.%D0%92.%20-%20%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%20(2010).pdf

Эриксон, Эрик (2006). Идентичность: юность и кризис. М.: Флинта, МПСИ, Прогресс. (341 с.) - https://disk.yandex.by/i/26QjwfH47CqP8Q

Архангельская, Наталия (2020). Философия идентичности. Единство делимого. Ridero.

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Посмотреть и скачать с Яндекс Диска

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Теоретические источники  

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Теоретические источники  

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1. АНОНИМНОСТЬ КАК СИМУЛЯКР В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ Текст научной статьи по специальности «Философия, этика, религиоведение - КиберЛенинка

https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/anonimnost-kak-simulyakr-v-sovremennom-mire

2. Что такое Анонимность - Термины и определения в кибербезопасности - VPN Unlimited

https://www.vpnunlimited.com/ru/help/cybersecurity/anonymity

3. Художественный журнал: ХЖ

https://moscowartmagazine.com/issue/32/article/590

4. Реферат на тему «Философия технологической зависимости и анонимности - FastFine

https://fastfine.ru/readyworks/referaty/filosofiya/filosofiya-tehnologicheskoj-zavisimosti-i-anonimnosti

5. Этические вопросы: информация и конфиденциальность - Не подключено ни одного продукта

http://base.safework.ru/iloenc?print&nd=857400066&spack=110LogLength%3D0%26LogNumDoc%3D857400025%26listid%3D010000000100%26listpos%3D5%26lsz%3D9%26nd%3D857400025%26nh%3D1%26

6. Проблематика информационной этики в отечественной мысли* - CORE

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/148070505.pdf

7. ФИЛОСОФСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭТИКИ В ЭПОХУ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОГРЕССА - Научные журналы Universum для публикации статей

https://7universum.com/ru/social/archive/item/16461

8. Мощь анонимности - Colta.ru

https://m.colta.ru/articles/raznoglasiya/12402-mosch-anonimnosti

9. Скрытые сети или как старая философия Интернета стала отходом реальности - Habr

https://habr.com/ru/articles/719034/

10. Исследование особенностей анонимности и самораскрытия в интернете

https://journals.urfu.ru/index.php/Izvestia1/article/view/660/644

11. АНОНИМНОСТЬ КАК СЛЕДСТВИЕ ПРИНУЖДЕНИЯ К СВОБОДЕ (О ПОСТАВЛЕНИИ СВОБОДОЙ ПРЕДЕЛОВ САМОЙ СЕБЕ) Текст научной статьи по специальности «Социологические науки - КиберЛенинка

https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/anonimnost-kak-sledstvie-prinuzhdeniya-k-svobode-o-postavlenii-svobodoy-predelov-samoy-sebe

12. А. Н. Саликов ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯ ХАННЫ АРЕНДТ И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ - Kant Online

https://kant-online.ru/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/07_%D0%90.%D0%9D.-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%82-%D0%B8-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.-%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8.pdf

13. Обратное присвоение. Постанархизм как антиполитическая

https://akrateia.info/obratnoe-prisvoenie-postanarkhizm-kak-antipoliticheskaia-politika/

14. Страсти по идентичности и анонимность общества Текст научной статьи по специальности «Социологические науки - КиберЛенинка

https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/strasti-po-identichnosti-i-anonimnost-obschestva

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Планы проекта

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Планы проекта

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1. Понятие анонимности
— Что такое анонимность и почему она важна в философском и социальном контексте.

2. Исторические корни анонимности
— Как анонимность проявлялась в разные эпохи: от античности до современности.

3. Анонимность в цифровую эпоху
— Как интернет и технологии сделали анонимность повседневной практикой.

4. Этические аспекты анонимности
— Противоречие между свободой выражения и ответственностью за действия.

5. Влияние на поведение человека
— Как анонимность влияет на личное поведение и общение, особенно онлайн.

6. Анонимность в политике
— Роль анонимности в борьбе за власть и против неё, примеры из политической жизни.

7. Анонимность и идентичность
— Как сокрытие личности влияет на восприятие «я» и формирование самости.

8. Технологии и иллюзия анонимности
— Почему настоящая анонимность под угрозой в эпоху цифровой слежки.

9. Философские взгляды на анонимность
— Идеи Фуко и других мыслителей о власти, обществе и памяти.

10. Баланс между свободой и ответственностью
— Почему важно искать «золотую середину» в использовании анонимности в современном мире.

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3 ВАШ Источник

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3 ВАШ Источник

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Исследовательские вопросы проекта 

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Исследовательские вопросы проекта 

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Историческая эволюция
— Как философское понимание и общественное восприятие анонимности развивались в различные исторические периоды и интеллектуальные традиции?

Этические последствия
— Каковы фундаментальные этические соображения, дилеммы и противоречия, возникающие в результате практики и возможности анонимности в различных контекстах?

Социальное воздействие
— Каким образом анонимность формирует социальные взаимодействия, формирование сообществ и индивидуальное поведение, особенно в цифровой сфере?

Политические измерения
— Какова роль анонимности в динамике политической власти, включая её использование в управлении, слежке, сопротивлении и функционировании демократических процессов?

Идентичность и самость
— Как анонимность пересекается с конструированием, переживанием и восприятием индивидуальной и коллективной идентичности, и каковы её последствия для нашего понимания себя и другого?

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ИК - 12 тезисов

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ИК - 12 тезисов

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1. Основные философские определения и интерпретации

2. Дифференциация от смежных понятий

3. Возрастающая актуальность в современном мире

4. Представление исследовательских вопросов

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Научная статья: Julie Ponesse позитивная концепция анонимности, рассматрение её как результат сознательного сокрытия информации для достижения определённых целей

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Научная статья: Julie Ponesse позитивная концепция анонимности, рассматрение её как результат сознательного сокрытия информации для достижения определённых целей

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Научно-популярная статья: Chanel Miller Опыт сохранения и раскрытия анонимности после сексуального насилия, обсуждая, как анонимность повлияла на её идентичность и процесс исцеления.

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Научно-популярная статья: Chanel Miller Опыт сохранения и раскрытия анонимности после сексуального насилия, обсуждая, как анонимность повлияла на её идентичность и процесс исцеления.

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I Thought Anonymity Was a Shield After My Sexual Assault. But Coming Forward Brought Me Back to Myself

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Chanel Miller reflects on the year since publishing her memoir, ‘Know My Name’

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1. Прослеживание исторического развития

2. Изучение взглядов ключевых философов и движений

3. Эволюция понимания на протяжении эпох

4. Исторические и общественные контексты

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Hans Asenbaum Анализ роли анонимности в демократии, рассмотрение её как контекстуально зависимую форму выражения идентичности в публичной сфере. 

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Hans Asenbaum Анализ роли анонимности в демократии, рассмотрение её как контекстуально зависимую форму выражения идентичности в публичной сфере. 

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Anonymity and Democracy: Absence as Presence in the Public Sphere | American Political Science Review | Cambridge Core

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Anonymity and Democracy: Absence as Presence in the Public Sphere - Volume 112 Issue 3

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Научно-популярная статья: Harry Halpin Исследование философии движения Anonymous, обсуждая, как коллективная анонимность может служить формой политического сопротивления и новой идентичности

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Научно-популярная статья: Harry Halpin Исследование философии движения Anonymous, обсуждая, как коллективная анонимность может служить формой политического сопротивления и новой идентичности

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The Philosophy of Anonymous - Radical Philosophy Archive, 1972-2016

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A Journal of Socialist and Feminist Philosophy

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1. Этические последствия для индивидуального поведения и общественных норм

2. Противоречия между анонимностью и подотчётностью/прозрачностью

3. Конкретные этические дилеммы

4. «Негативная анонимность» и потенциал вреда

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 The Ties That Blind: The Moral Value (and Disvalue) of Anonymity

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 The Ties That Blind: The Moral Value (and Disvalue) of Anonymity

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Научная статья

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Authors Julie Ponesse Western University

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The Ties That Blind: The Moral Value (and Disvalue) of Anonymity | Canadian Journal of Practical Philosophy

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This paper has two main aims: one is to understand the mechanisms that allow anonymity to facilitate both good and bad ends; the other is to use this understanding to determine the value of anonymity relative to its disvalue across a variety of moral and socio-political domains. Building on previous work in which I characterize anonymity by what I call the ‘central anonymity paradigm,’ I argue here that anonymity is primarily instrumentally valuable as a strategic device to procure some other valued good or set of goods, and is justified derivatively to the extent that it successfully achieves this end. Here, I leave open the question whether anonymity is intrinsically good and, in the final sections, I give reasons why it should sometimes be resisted. My argument proceeds in four stages: first, I describe four domains in which the tensions between the value and disvalue of anonymity can be felt; second, I briefly present the central anonymity paradigm; third, I draw on Kathleen Wallace’s taxonomy of three kinds of anonymity (agent anonymity, recipient anonymity, and procedural anonymity) to show how anonymity is typically achieved in the paradigmatic cases, and why it is so effective at achieving and securing certain ends; and finally, I draw on the concept of “intimate anonymity” from the fields of architecture and urban design as a model for anonymity relations that preserves the individualizing benefits of anonymity—security, privacy, freedom, etc.—while encouraging individuals to form meaningful relations with others that support intimacy, trust and community. I begin with four anonymity tensions.

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Anonymity, Pseudonymity and Deliberation: Why Not Everything Should be Connected

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Anonymity, Pseudonymity and Deliberation: Why Not Everything Should be Connected

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Научная Статья

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Anonymity, Pseudonymity and Deliberation: Why Not Everything Should be Connected

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The discussion of anonymity and deliberation has repeatedly circled around two contradictory nor-mative positions. One is that anonymity is valuable because it enables expression free from fear of repercussions. The other is that anonymity is

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Why outlawing anonymity will not halt online abuse

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Why outlawing anonymity will not halt online abuse

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Научно-Популярная Статья

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Why outlawing anonymity will not halt online abuse

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The notion behind outlawing anonymity is that online harassment will cease. This, it turns out, is a myth

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Научно-популярная статья

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There’s an interesting column by Tim Adams at The Guardian about “How the internet created an age of rage.” He describes the way anonymity allows commentors online to spew “hatred and bile” in ways they otherwise wouldn’t. What I like about the article is Adam’s discussion of the psychology of deindividuation: Deindividuation is ..why under […]

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1. Способы, которыми анонимность формирует социальные взаимодействия и сообщества:

2. Анонимность в онлайн-социальных сетях:

3. Взаимосвязь между анонимностью и свободой выражения мнений:

4. Влияние анонимности на идентичность в социальном контексте:

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Научная статья - "The anonymous online self: Toward an understanding of the tension between discipline and online anonymity"

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Научная статья - "The anonymous online self: Toward an understanding of the tension between discipline and online anonymity"

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Научно-популярная статья - "The Psychology of Online Comments"

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Научно-популярная статья - "The Psychology of Online Comments"

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Several weeks ago, on September 24th, Popular Science announced that it would banish comments from its Web site. The editors argued that Internet comments, particularly anonymous ones, undermine the integrity of science and lead to a culture of aggression and mockery that hinders substantive discourse. "Even a fractious minority wields enough power to skew a reader's perception of a story," wrote the online-content director Suzanne LaBarre, citing a recent study from the University of Wisconsin-Madison as evidence. While it's tempting to blame the Internet, incendiary rhetoric has long been a mainstay of public discourse. Cicero, for one, openly called Mark Antony a "public prostitute," concluding, "but let us say no more of your profligacy and debauchery." What, then, has changed with the advent of online comments?

Anonymity, for one thing. According to a September Pew poll, a quarter of Internet users have posted comments anonymously. As the age of a user decreases, his reluctance to link a real name with an online remark increases; forty per cent of people in the eighteen-to-twenty-nine-year-old demographic have posted anonymously. One of the most common critiques of online comments cites a disconnect between the commenter's identity and what he is saying, a phenomenon that the psychologist John Suler memorably termed the " online disinhibition effect." The theory is that the moment you shed your identity the usual constraints on your behavior go, too-or, to rearticulate the 1993 Peter Steiner cartoon, on the Internet, nobody knows you're not a dog. When Arthur Santana, a communications professor at the University of Houston, analyzed nine hundred randomly chosen user comments on articles about immigration, half from newspapers that allowed anonymous postings, such as the Los Angeles Times and the Houston Chronicle, and half from ones that didn't, including USA Today and the Wall Street Journal, he discovered that anonymity made a perceptible difference: a full fifty-three per cent of anonymous commenters were uncivil, as opposed to twenty-nine per cent of registered, non-anonymous commenters. Anonymity, Santana concluded, encouraged incivility.

On the other hand, anonymity has also been shown to encourage participation; by promoting a greater sense of community identity, users don't have to worry about standing out individually. Anonymity can also boost a certain kind of creative thinking and lead to improvements in problem-solving. In a study that examined student learning, the psychologists Ina Blau and Avner Caspi found that, while face-to-face interactions tended to provide greater satisfaction, in anonymous settings participation and risk-taking flourished.

Anonymous forums can also be remarkably self-regulating: we tend to discount anonymous or pseudonymous comments to a much larger degree than commentary from other, more easily identifiable sources. In a 2012 study of anonymity in computer interactions, researchers found that, while anonymous comments were more likely to be contrarian and extreme than non-anonymous ones, they were also far less likely to change a subject's opinion on an ethical issue, echoing earlier results from the University of Arizona. In fact, as the Stanford computer scientist Michael Bernstein found when he analyzed the /b/ board of 4chan, an online discussion forum that has been referred to as the Internet's "rude, raunchy underbelly" and where over ninety per cent of posts are wholly anonymous, mechanisms spontaneously emerged to monitor user interactions and establish a commenter's status as more or less influential-and credible.

Owing to the conflicting effects of anonymity, and in response to the changing nature of online publishing itself, Internet researchers have begun shifting their focus away from anonymity toward other aspects of the online environment, such as tone and content. The University of Wisconsin-Madison study that Popular Science cited, for instance, was focussed on whether comments themselves, anonymous or otherwise, made people less civil. The authors found that the nastier the comments, the more polarized readers became about the contents of the article, a phenomenon they dubbed the "nasty effect." But the nasty effect isn't new, or unique to the Internet. Psychologists have long worried about the difference between face-to-face communication and more removed ways of talking-the letter, the telegraph, the phone. Without the traditional trappings of personal communication, like non-verbal cues, context, and tone, comments can become overly impersonal and cold.

But a ban on article comments may simply move them to a different venue, such as Twitter or Facebook-from a community centered around a single publication or idea to one without any discernible common identity. Such large group environments, in turn, often produce less than desirable effects, including a diffusion of responsibility: you feel less accountable for your own actions, and become more likely to engage in amoral behavior. In his classic work on the role of groups and media exposure in violence, the social cognitive psychologist Alfred Bandura found that, as personal responsibility becomes more diffused in a group, people tend to dehumanize others and become more aggressive toward them. At the same time, people become more likely to justify their actions in self-absolving ways. Multiple studies have also illustrated that when people don't think they are going to be held immediately accountable for their words they are more likely to fall back on mental shortcuts in their thinking and writing, processing information less thoroughly. They become, as a result, more likely to resort to simplistic evaluations of complicated issues, as the psychologist Philip Tetlock has repeatedly found over several decades of research on accountability.

Removing comments also affects the reading experience itself: it may take away the motivation to engage with a topic more deeply, and to share it with a wider group of readers. In a phenomenon known as shared reality, our experience of something is affected by whether or not we will share it socially. Take away comments entirely, and you take away some of that shared reality, which is why we often want to share or comment in the first place. We want to believe that others will read and react to our ideas.

What the University of Wisconsin-Madison study may ultimately show isn't the negative power of a comment in itself but, rather, the cumulative effect of a lot of positivity or negativity in one place, a conclusion that is far less revolutionary. One of the most important controls of our behavior is the established norms within any given community. For the most part, we act consistently with the space and the situation; a football game is different from a wedding, usually. The same phenomenon may come into play in different online forums, in which the tone of existing comments and the publication itself may set the pace for a majority of subsequent interactions. Anderson, Brossard, and their colleagues' experiment lacks the crucial element of setting, since the researchers created fake comments on a fake post, where the tone was simply either civil or uncivil ("If you don't see the benefits ... you're an idiot").

Would the results have been the same if the uncivil remarks were part of a string of comments on a New York Times article or a Gawker post, where comments can be promoted or demoted by other users? On Gawker, in the process of voting a comment up or down, users can set the tone of the comments, creating a surprisingly civil result. The readership, in other words, spots the dog at the other of the end of the keyboard, and puts him down.

As the psychologists Marco Yzer and Brian Southwell put it, "new communication technologies do not fundamentally alter the theoretical bounds of human interaction; such interaction continues to be governed by basic human tendencies." Whether online, on the phone, by telegraph, or in person, we are governed by the same basic principles. The medium may change, but people do not. The question instead is whether the outliers, the trolls and the flamers, will hold outsized influence-and the answer seems to be that, even protected by the shade of anonymity, a dog will often make himself known with a stray, accidental bark. Then, hopefully, he will be treated accordingly.
Maria Konnikova is the author of the New York Times best-seller "Mastermind: How to Think Like Sherlock Holmes." She has a Ph.D. in psychology from Columbia University.

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Several weeks ago, on September 24th, Popular Science announced that it would banish comments from its Web site. The editors argued that Internet comments, particularly anonymous ones, undermine the integrity of science and lead to a culture of aggression and mockery that hinders substantive discourse.

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Видео: «A Brief History of Anonymity» — краткий обзор истории и философии анонимности от Коула Страйкера.

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Видео: «A Brief History of Anonymity» — краткий обзор истории и философии анонимности от Коула Страйкера.

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Navigating the Unknown: Towards a Positive Conception of Anonymity

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Navigating the Unknown: Towards a Positive Conception of Anonymity

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Научная Статья

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Научно-Популярная Статья

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Will online anonymity win the war of openness vs privacy? | Aeon Essays

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The cypherpunks are winning the crypto-war against government spies. What will happen when everyone is anonymous?

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1. Значение анонимности в политике

2. Анонимность как инструмент поддержания и оспаривания власти

3. Последствия анонимности для демократических процессов

4. Проблемы, создаваемые спонсируемой государством слежкой

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Anonymity Pseudonymity and Deliberation Why Not Everything Should be Connected

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Anonymity Pseudonymity and Deliberation Why Not Everything Should be Connected

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научная статья

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will online anonymity win the war of openness vs privacy

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will online anonymity win the war of openness vs privacy

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науч поп статья

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Harry Halpin · The Philosophy of Anonymous: Ontological Politics without Identity (2012)

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The philosophy of Anonymous Ontological politics without identity Harry halpin You cannot arrest an idea. The last tweet of Topiary, before his arrest Ranging from WikiLeaks to the global struggle against treaties such as ACTA, over the last few years…

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How Encouraging Anonymity and Transparency Helped Me in Life

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How Encouraging Anonymity and Transparency Helped Me in Life

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Видеоисточник

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How Encouraging Anonymity and Transparency helped me in Life | Ankur Warikoo | TEDxDTU

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Дискуссия: «The Culture and Politics of Anonymity Online» — обсуждение с участием Габриэллы Коулман и Джеймса Гриммельмана.

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Дискуссия: «The Culture and Politics of Anonymity Online» — обсуждение с участием Габриэллы Коулман и Джеймса Гриммельмана.

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We Are All Anonymous - the culture and politics of anonymity online

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1 Краткое изложение основных аргументов и ключевых выводов

2 Подтверждение актуальности и важности

3 Заключительные размышления о свободе, обществе и политике

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The Right to Anonymity and its Challenges: A Virtual Discussion

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The Right to Anonymity and its Challenges: A Virtual Discussion

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Видеоисточник

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The Right to Anonymity and its Challenges: A Virtual Discussion

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Ethics, Anonymity & Deep Fakes: A Conversation

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Ethics, Anonymity & Deep Fakes: A Conversation

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Ethics, Anonymity & Deep Fakes: A Conversation

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Navigating the Unknown: Towards a Positive Conception of Anonymity

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Navigating the Unknown: Towards a Positive Conception of Anonymity

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научная статья

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I Thought Anonymity Was a Shield After My Sexual Assault. But Coming Forward Brought Me Back to Myself

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I Thought Anonymity Was a Shield After My Sexual Assault. But Coming Forward Brought Me Back to Myself

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науч поп

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I Thought Anonymity Was a Shield After My Sexual Assault. But Coming Forward Brought Me Back to Myself

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Chanel Miller reflects on the year since publishing her memoir, ‘Know My Name’

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The Power of Internet Anonymity: How Reddit Fosters Connection

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The Power of Internet Anonymity: How Reddit Fosters Connection

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The Power of Internet Anonymity: How Reddit Fosters Connection

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1. Уникальные характеристики и последствия онлайн-анонимности

2. Трансформация понимания под влиянием цифровых технологий

3. Философские вызовы: анонимность против цифровой слежки

4. Будущее анонимности во взаимосвязанном мире

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1. Анонимность в искусстве и литературе

2. Анонимность в политическом активизме и сопротивлении

3. Анонимность в онлайн-информаторстве и активизме

4. Исторический случай «анонимности-к-смерти»

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How Encouraging Anonymity and Transparency Helped Me in Life

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How Encouraging Anonymity and Transparency Helped Me in Life

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People are Either too Fake or too Real": Opportunities and Challenges in Tie-based Anonymity"

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Научная статья

1. Технологии слежки ставят под угрозу цифровую анонимность.

2. Метаданные важнее самих сообщений для деанонимизации.

3. Протоколы конфиденциальности требуют постоянного обновления.

4. Анонимность — неустойчивое состояние в сети без усилий пользователя.

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Since the beginning of the digital area, privacy and anonymity have been impacted drastically (both, positively and negatively), by the different technologies developed for communications purposes. The broad possibilities that the Internet offers since its conception, makes it a mandatory target for those entities that are aiming to know and control the different channels of communication and the information that flows through. In this paper, we address the current threats against privacy and anonymity on the Internet, together with the methods applied against them. In addition, we enumerate the publicly known entities behind those threats and their motivations. Finally, we analyze the state of the art concerning the protection of the privacy and anonymity on the Internet; introducing future lines of research.

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4chan: the role of anonymity in the meme-generating cesspool of the web

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4chan: the role of anonymity in the meme-generating cesspool of the web

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Научно-популярная статья

1. 4chan — пример радикальной анонимности в действии.

2. Отсутствие репутации приводит к крайностям в контенте.

3. Анонимность способствует как креативу, так и агрессии.

4. Анонимные сообщества формируют уникальные цифровые культуры.

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4chan: the role of anonymity in the meme-generating cesspool of the web

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On 4chan’s tenth birthday, Jamie Bartlett explores the role of anonymity on the web, specifically how it’s used on the bulletin board that’s described as both a meme factory and the “asshole of the internet”

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Hans Asenbaum — «Anonymity and Democracy: Absence as Presence in the Public Sphere»

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Hans Asenbaum — «Anonymity and Democracy: Absence as Presence in the Public Sphere»

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Научная статья

1. Анонимность — способ расширения субъектности в публичной сфере.

2. Участие без идентификации — форма политического присутствия.

3. Она ставит под сомнение понятие «лидерства» и «авторства».

4. Анонимность — поле борьбы за признание без идентичности.

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Anonymity and Democracy: Absence as Presence in the Public Sphere | American Political Science Review | Cambridge Core

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Anonymity and Democracy: Absence as Presence in the Public Sphere - Volume 112 Issue 3

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Научно-популярная статья

1. Анонимность в сети позволяет испытать власть без контроля.

2. Псевдонимность порождает вторичные формы этики.

3. Не все анонимные действия аморальны — нужна оценка контекста.

4. Анонимность — это вызов привычным представлениям о личности.

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NEWPORT BEACH, California - When a whole weekend is dedicated to exploring the principles of electronic anonymity, some big concepts about basic human freedoms get thrown around. And though he has spent a lot of time in the past couple of years providing tools that allow people to maintain their privacy while communicating in the wide-open spaces of online communications, Lance Cottrell has seen the more mundane realities of the anonymity issue.

A couple years back, Cottrell began distributing his Mixmaster anonymous remailer. The ability to tell the truth without announcing to the world, or reprisal-minded enemies, just who is speaking might be a cornerstone of digital freedom. But it also opens the door to those for whom anonymity is just a novel tool for pulling a nasty prank.

Cottrell, who created Mixmaster while working on his physics doctorate at the University of California, San Diego, said the pure novelty of anonymous tools made them attractive at first.

"People used them in abusive ways for the same reason people climb Mount Everest - because it's there," Cottrell said during a weekend-long conference here on the technical and philosophical underpinnings of electronic anonymity. The session, titled "Anonymous and Pseudonymous Communication on the Internet," was sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Cottrell, who describes himself as a "hard-line extremist in favor of anonymity," said the only real way to measure the problem is by looking at how many complaints there are about the use of software that protects a user's identity.

The pattern Cottrell has seen suggests that as use of anonymous remailers and the like increases, complaints about faceless harassment and other abuses have declined. His simple thesis for the dip: Anonymity tools are quickly becoming familiar, and users are becoming more responsible in their use.

Cottrell, who is also president of Infonex Internet Inc., owner of the popular Anonymizer email and Net access service, said that, given the deeper personal-freedom issues inherent in the anonymity issue, it's crucial that such services become profitable.

"There's only 15 or 20 of them [anonymous remailers] in the world, and they're all run by volunteers. Those volunteers are under a lot of pressure and are taking significant risks," he said.

Dealing with law enforcement requests for information comes with the territory, for instance. When confronted with such demands, Cottrell said, "We comply completely and give them everything we have - which is nothing. The FBI, so far, is content [to be given] log files with nothing useful in it."

Overseas, police have tried to get information a "handful" of times, he said. Austrian and German agents have come to Infonex to find out who is hosting a Web site that includes Nazi propaganda - a site run by Austrians but illegal in their home country.

But, Cottrell said, just as the people behind that site trust the company with their anonymity, so too can human rights organizations, which will increasingly be using anonymous remailers in the future.

"Groups of people will be putting their lives in our hands, very literally," Cottrell said.

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A conference on electronic anonymity focused on high principles. One entrepreneur's experience suggests that everyday realities are just as important in providing a needed service.

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The Power of Internet Anonymity: How Reddit Fosters Connection

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Актуальность 

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Актуальность 

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Исследовательские вопросы  

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Исследовательские вопросы  

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Обзор на пункт плана

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Обзор на пункт плана

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Теоретические источники проекта и обзор на них 

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Теоретические источники проекта и обзор на них 