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The Triple Alliance began in May 20th 1882 and ended in July 28 1914 it started by the German Empire was concerned that France might seek to avenge its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871, and that it might solicit Russian help to do soIt also sought rapprochement with the Austro-Hungarian Empire to secure its flanks and to settle politics in its largely Roman Catholic south.

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The Franco-Russian Alliance began in 1891 and then ended in 1894 is started because the Rivalry simmered between the French Second Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia as the latter seized Schleswig-Holstein from Denmark in 1864, defeated the Austrian Empire in 1866, and seemed well on the way to unifying the numerous German principalities into a single nation. An abortive bid to place a Prussian prince on the throne of Spain by marriage, complicated by construed insults in the infamous “Ems Dispatch” describing subsequent diplomacy, led the Emperor Napoleon III of France to declare war.

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The Triple Entente started in 1907 and ended in 1917 it happend because The Triple Entente furthered the separation of Europe into two armed alliances by aligning Great Britain with France and Russia. The Franco-Russian Alliance brought France and Russia together in 1892. Worried about German ambitions, and in particular by the maritime expansion embodied in the German Second Naval Law, the British abandoned their earlier “Splendid Isolation” to seek allies on the continent of Europe

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The Schlieffen Plan began in August 4 1914 and then ended in August 7 1914 it happend by the Chief of the Great General Staff General Count Alfred von Schlieffen, this German plan proposed to defeat France swiftly and then turn on Russia in the case of a two front war .German planners knew their railroad network and that of the French were superior to that of the Russians, and surmised they could mobilize on the borders more quickly than the French and far more quickly than the Russians.

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1914: Assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand of Austro-Hungary

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1914: Assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand of Austro-Hungary

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the Assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand of Austro-Hungary happend in June 28, 1914 it happend because The Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was on an official visit to Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina, with his wife the Princess Sophie. Serbia aspired to acquire Bosnia-Herzegovina as a component of Greater Serbia, and secret societies with Serbian government affiliations and military officials within them committed to subversion and force to advance that purpose.

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WWI Engulfs Europe began in july 28 1914 and then ended in Aug 4 1914 it started when The Great Powers of Europe were beset by national and imperial rivalries, and had organized themselves into two competing security structures, The Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente. Smaller nations had ambitions as well, and played the Great Powers to assist in advancing them. Most notable in this regard was Serbia, leveraging Russian support and doubling her territory in the First Balkan War and the Second Balkan War.

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Race to the Sea began in Sep 13 1914 than ended in Nov 22 1914 it began because they Repelled from the vicinity of Paris in the Marne Campaign, the Germans retired to bluffs along the Aisne River and dug in. The British and French assaulted these positions, but were repelled. Both sides then tried to outflank the emerging line of trenches to their west between the Aisne positions and the North Sea. A “Race to the Sea” developed as attempted turning movements collided with each other, and then stalemated into further trench lines

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the Caucasus Campaigns began by they Secretly allied with Germany but having waited to improve preparations, the Ottoman Empire bombarded Russian Black Sea ports on 29 October 1914. Russia declared war, and fighting broke out in the Caucasus within days. The Ottomans launched a determined offensive to secure Kars and Tabriz, but were unprepared for winter campaigning. They suffered a severe defeat at the Battle of Sarikamish, losing more to disease and the elements than to combat. The Russians, assisted by Armenian irregulars, won further pitched battles and advanced, securing Trebizond, Erzingian and Van by the end of 1916. Russian defeats at the hands of the Germans and the Russian revolutions of 1917 led to the disintegration of their armies.

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The Southwest Africa Campaign began Sep 3 1914 then ended Sep 9 1914 it happend because The Union of South Africa resolved to invade German Southwest Africa (now Namibia) after war broke out in Europe. The situation became complicated when Boer “bitter enders,” defeated by the British a dozen years before, resolved to revolt and regain their independence. About 11,000 Afrikaners joined this rebellion, somewhat outnumbering the 3,000 German troops and 7,000 settlers in German Southwest Africa. Fortunately for the British, Prime Minister Louis Botha and General Jan Smuts, both Boers, remained loyal to the newly established Union and led a force of 32,000 (including 20,000 Afrikaners) to suppress the rebellion. By February 1915 the rebellion was over

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The Serbia overrun began in Oct 5 1915 than ended Dec 4 1915 it happend because the Three Austro-Hungarian Invasions of Serbia had been repelled during 1914. Concerned about a lack of rail communications to their Ottoman allies, the Germans conspired to bring Bulgaria into the war on their side and to crush Serbia with a German-Austro-Hungarian-Bulgarian offensive. On 7 October a German army and an Austro-Hungarian army forced crossings of the Save and Danube Rivers following heavy artillery bombardments. Belgrade fell two days later.

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German Air Raids on England began on Jan 19 1915 then ended May 19th 1918 it started When World War I began, the military use of aircraft was in its infancy. Airplanes and dirigibles proved useful for reconnaissance, but were severely limited technologically. Several armies experimented with dropping bombs from aircraft. Beginning in January 1915 these efforts assumed a strategic dimension as Germany conducted a bombing campaign against England to disrupt industry, demoralize civilians and force redeployment of British air assets from France. Initially Zeppelin dirigibles conducted the raids because they had the range and bomb-carrying capacity to do so.

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Deadlock on the Western Front began Jan 1st 1915 then ended Jan 1st 1916 it happens because of the Sobered by casualties they had already suffered in the West and impressed by greater maneuver opportunities in the East, the Germans went over to the defensive along the Western Front. An exception to this was the Second Battle of Ypres (22 April – 25 May). Here the Germans attacked to cover redeployments to the East, and employed poison gas (chlorine) for the first time on a major scale. The gas caused a momentary local panic, which the Germans were not prepared to exploit. The British launched major attacks near Neuve Chapelle in March, and in Artois in May and September.

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1916: Flying Yanks: Americans in the Air

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1916: Flying Yanks: Americans in the Air

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The Flying Yanks: Americans in the Air began April 16 1916 then ended Nov 11 1918 it started when the American pilots flew for the Allies even before the United States entered the war. Perhaps most famous were those of the Lafayette Escadrille (originally the Escadrille Americaine), organized in April 1916. Others joined the somewhat larger Lafayette Flying Corps, or flew as individuals with the Canadians or British. When the United States entered the war in April 1917, it had fewer than 250 planes and was unprepared for modern air warfare. Within a year the Army Air Service had organized itself for combat and had three squadrons at the front. This number rapidly expanded to forty-five by Armistice Day

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1917: United States declares war on Germany 

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1917: United States declares war on Germany 

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The United States declares war on Germany happend in April 6th 1917 and it started because The United States adhered to its tradition of neutrality in European quarrels when World War I began. Some private citizens volunteered for service with the Allies, and ship sinkings associated with the German Submarine Blockade of Great Britain almost brought the United States into the war early on. The Germans temporarily suspended unrestricted submarine warfare to avert this risk.

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The Russian Revolution began in Mar 8th 1917 then ended Dec 30 1922 and it started because Russia had suffered horrific losses, complicated by economic turmoil, iniquities in sharing the rigors of war, and an increasingly isolated and estranged Tsar Nicholas II. Strikes and riots broke out in Petrograd (St. Petersburg), followed by a mutiny of troops sent to suppress them. The Tsar was forced to abdicate, and a Provisional Government established itself. Initially the Provisional Government was liberal, broadly based and committed to continue the war. Alexander Kerensky rose to effective control, and gave his name to a renewed war effort, the Kerensky Offensive.

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Armistice Day happend Nov 11 1918 and it happens because of the aftermath of the Salonika Campaign Bulgaria capitulated to the Allies with an armistice signed at Salonika on 30 September. In the aftermath of the Mesopotamian and Palestine Campaigns, the Ottoman Empire capitulated to the Allies with an armistice signed at Mudros on 30 October. In the aftermath of the Vittorio Veneto Campaign, the Austro-Hungarian Empire disintegrated and hostilities ceased with an armistice signed on 3 November and effective 4 November.

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The Versailles Treaty happend 28th of june in 1919 and in World War I combat ended with an armistice on 11 November 1918, after which twenty-seven countries met to negotiate a peace settlement at Versailles, near Paris. Notably unrepresented were defeated Germany and revolutionary Russia. President Woodrow Wilson of the United States advocated lenient terms, boundary revisions in the spirit of “national self-determination,” and progressive principles for international conduct capped by a League of Nations.

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Mussolini Seized Power in Italy and it happend June 28th 1919 it happend because Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini took advantage of post-World War I Italian fears of class warfare, communist revolution and national disintegration to advance the agenda of his own National Fascist Party. Italian Fascism blended extreme nationalism, corporatism, economic centrism, social discipline and expansionism into a “Third Way” credo that was at once anti-democratic and anti-communist

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New York Stock Market Crashes happend because After a few weeks of decline, the overheated New York Stock Exchange suffered huge and irrecoverable losses on 29 October 1929. Speculative investments, extraordinary credit risks, under-regulated banking practices, extreme income inequities, over-production in some sectors of the economy and foreseeable business cycles fueled the crisis. The evolving crisis forced millions of Americans out of work. The United States had emerged from World War I as the world’s strongest economic power and leading creditor. New York had become the most important center for international finance and capital markets.

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Hitler Seizes Power in Germany it happend Jan 30th and Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazis) took advantage of German frustration with the harsh terms of the Versailles Treaty, ineffectual civil government, political turmoil and economic disaster to advance their ultra-nationalist, anti-communist and anti-Semitic agenda. In July 1932 the Nazis became the largest (although well short of a majority) party in the Reichstag after an election marred by violence and political intimidation.