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Yu The Great is known for developing a control technique which is also known as DIKE. He developed dikes to control the water from the Huang He River.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
*The Xia Dynasty is considered as a “mythical” or a “quasi-legendary” dynasty, due to lack of evidences.

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Because of Jie Of Xia, known as a TYRANT LEADER

The Shang tribal leader managed to conquer the Xia Dynasty successfully.

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King Tang is a leader with both religious and political power (NOTE: Hereditary Absolute Monarchy & Theocracy). 

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
*The Shang Dynasty is known as the Signaled Bronze Age in China.

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Aristocrats are known as vassals or landlords. They have the authority to rule a portion of the king’s land with the king’s approval. They pay taxes, provide labor and military services to the king. 

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The Oracle Bone is the earliest writing system of the Chinese Civilization. This item is made from shoulder blades of cattle or turtle shells. This item deciphers the future. 

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FUN FACT:
A bone should be heated over fire in order for it to crack. The cracks in the bone deciphers the future.

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Lady Fu Hao (Lady Hao) is known to be The First Chinese Female General. She is the 60th wife of King Wu Ding. 

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QUESTION: Who is King Wu Ding?
Answer: King Wu Ding is the 21st king of Shang.

FUN FACT:
Lady Fu Hao shows an example on how women can lead too! :)

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This image shows “Lady Hao Tomb” (Lady Hao’s tomb). In this tomb, it has Lady Hao’s body(buried), her belongings and her slaves. 

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The Shang Dynasty fell because of Di Xin of Shang, also known as a tyrant leader. 

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The Turkish-speaking tribe called Zhou attacked and successfully defeated Shang through military conquest.

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King Wu used the concept of “Mandate of Heaven”. King Wu also claimed that he was the “Son of Heaven”.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
*The Zhou Dynasty is the Golden Age of Chinese Philosophy. The Zhou Dynasty is also the Longest Reigning Dynasty.

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Local lords became assertive, refusing to do their job for the king.

Late Zhou was a time of endless warfare (Warring State).

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To stop the warring state, Chinese Philosophies emerged. 

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a. Confucianism:
-People are naturally good, they can be taught.
b. Daoism(Taoism):
-Let people be, let them do what they do, let them think what they think.
c. Legalism:
-Humans are naturally bad, there should be laws in order to keep each individual from doing anything illegal.

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Analects Of Confucius is an analogy of brief passages that present the words of Confucius & his disciples.

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The Zhou Dynasty fell due to
Warring States Period.

The Qin won over the others, and successfully became the Qin Dynasty.

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Shi Huangdi is the First Emperor of China. He is one of the heads of seven warring states. He defeated the 6 rival states due to his military force. 

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SHI HUANGDI WORKS:
-He is an implemented centralized government.
-He wiped out the feudal system.
-He is known for being ruthless in enforcing law.
-He used Legalism.
-He BANNED Confucianism.

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This wall serves as a line of demarcation between agricultural & nomadic lifestyle.

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Major Construction: Terracotta Warrior (Burial Museum)

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This is Shi Huangdi’s tomb.
The soldiers are facing east, the direction from which the emperor’s enemies had come.

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The Qin Dynasty fell when Shi Huangdi had died. His peasants rose in rebellion as soon as they learned of Shi Huangdi’s death.

FUN FACT:
Chinese admire Shi Huangdi because:
He unified the country, he also made the country rich and strong.

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Liu Bang (Gauzo) is the Founder of the Han Dynasty. 

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Liu Bang is graded as one of the most competent emperors in China.

His Philosophy: Combining: Confucianism((Stable and sustainable society) /REMODELED) + Daoism + Legalism.

His philosophy resulted to having the country regained, growing strong and prosperous again.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The Han Dynasty is the Second Imperial Dynasty.

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Wu The Great continued to make the Han regime into a highly centralized empire with wealth & power. 

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He also defeated Xiongnu.
(NOTE: Xiongnu is a nomadic tribe)

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The Silk Road is a semi-global trade route connecting China, Central Asia and Europe.

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The Han Dynasty fell due to rebellions.
It also fell due to constant tensions between Han Chinese expansions and non-Han nomadic tribe invasions.

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Emperor Wen and Yang were the only emperors in the Sui Dynasty.

The Sui flourished partly because they gained the support from military leaders from north which allowed them to reunite many Chinese territories under one leader.

SOME OF THEIR WORKS:

-Lowering taxes.
-Reforms on the legal & educational system.
-Redistributing land.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The Sui Dynasty is a short-lived dynasty.

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Grand Canal - World Historical Heritage 

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Reasons why the Sui Dynasty fell:
-Rebellion
-Unsuccessful war campaigns
-social unrest increased

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The Tang Dynasty is the Golden Age Of Reform And Cultural Advancement.

The Tang Emperors are:
1. Li Yuan
(Tang Legal Code)
2. Taizong
(Lim Shimin)
3. Wu Zetain
(China’s only female ruler)
4. Xuanzong

In Xuanzong’s reign, China became the most prosperous country.

SOME OF XUANZONG’S WORKS:
-He abolished the death penalty.
-He established a professional army.
-He managed to let lower classes become eligible to take civil service exams for government jobs.

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Mass production of books.

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He fell inlove with Lady Yang.
He died from illness in 762 CE.

FALL OF TANG DYNASTY:
The Tang Dynasty continued to rule but the most recent ruler was not as good as the previous rulers.
"Individual talents could not be
transferred to a successor."

The collapse of the Tang Dynasty begins the Period of the Five
Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

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Emperor Taizu established the Song Dynasty. He also practiced merit-based policy.

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Neo-Confucianism
The Song Dynasty became less open to adopting foreign styles and ideas.

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The Song Dynasty was militarily weak but economically strong. The Song Dynasty pays in Silk and Silver (Tribute Payments) instead of maintaining a constant military presence.

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Jiaozi is a government-produced paper money.

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FUNFACT: In China back then, if your feet are small, you are considered beautiful.

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The Fall of The Song Dynasty:
“Mongol Invasion”
Even if the Song Dynasty was very rich, it was still militarily weak, so it got invaded with ease.

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He conquered the Song Dynasty and established Yuan Dynasty.

He ensured that Mongols always gained an advantage in China by classing them in the Four Class System.

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Genghis Khan has made several major attacks on song territory.

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Pax Mongolia (Mongolia Peace)
-Stability in Eurasia.
-Stability among the people who lived in the conquered territory.

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Chao is the first paper currency used as the predominant circulating medium in China, or paper money. 

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He worked with Kublai Khan (Shizu). He documented his experiences and exploration of the East, especially in China in his book “The Travels Of Marco Polo”.

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The Fall of the Yuan Dynasty.

Causes of Fall:
-Natural Disasters.
-Government’s lack of effective policy.
-Red Turban Rebellion.

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He captured a rebel group related to the White Lotus Society.
He captured Beijing and established the Ming Dynasty.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Ming means “bright” or “light”.

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The Great Wall is believed to be the most effective defense against invasion.

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Forbidden City     -    Imperial residence 

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The Fall of the Ming Dynasty.

Causes of Fall:
-Court corruption.
-Li Zicheng rebelled and attacked Beijing.
-Invasion of the Manchus.

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Shunzhi is the First Emperor of the Qing Dynasty.

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Emperor Kangxi (1661-1722)
Golden Age Began.

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Emperor Yongzheng (1723-1735)
Golden Age Continued.

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Emperor Qianlong (1735-1796)
Golden Age Reached Its Peak.

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INFORMATION: Qing lessened restrictions on foreign trade, but Qing court still carefully controlled limits on foreign traders. :)

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“Keep your hair,
lose your head;
keep your head,
cut your hair.”

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FALL OF QING DYNASTY:
TO BE CONTINUED…..