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The currency in Australia is the Australian dollar. This currency has been established in 1966 and the symbol used to indicate it is $, A$ or AU$. It is also known as the ‘buck’, ‘dough’ and ‘aussie’.

The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), Australia's central bank, is responsible for producing the country’s money supply. It issues AUD notes in five denominations: $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100. The Australian dollar is divided into 100 cents, and its coins are produced in six denominations: 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c, $1 and $2.

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Kangaroos are the most known symbols of Australia. They're on the country's coat of arms, standing next to the emu. This has a symbolic meaning, because kangaroos and emus can't easily walk backward, just like Australia is all about moving forward.

Kangaroos are special because they are different than other Australian wildlife animals. They are marsupial species, which means they keep and nurse their young in a pouch. This makes them unique in the animal world.
Kangaroos are referred to as tough and adaptable. They reflect how Australia can sustain through difficult times.

Kangaroos play a significant role in the Aboriginal culture as well. Sometimes, they are present in stories, art, and history. In addition, kangaroos have been providing food and resources for Aboriginal communities for thousands of years.

The Kangaroo is known to tourists as well. They function as Australia's business card, and show off the country's natural beauty and wildlife.

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To this day, Australia has approximately 26,439,111 habitants.
The country is one of the world's largest countries by land area, although it has a relatively low population density. Most of the population is concentrated in urban and coastal areas (see the picture above).

The population in these areas is high because of several reasons. The main reason is because of economic opportunities, which were centered around the coastal areas. Ports and coastal cities such as Sydney and the capitol Canberra, served as centers for trade and commerce. Now, industries focused on shipping and manufacturing have developed, providing jobs and therefore creating a growing population.

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Australia also knows migration: in the years 2021 and 2022, Australia gained about 180000 people.

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Aboriginal cultures are very diverse, reflecting the wide variety of environments and landscapes throughout Australia. Within the culture, different groups exist and they all have their own unique languages, (spiritual) beliefs, art forms, and ceremonial practices such as Dreamtime or Dreaming.

The Dreamtime, also known as the Dreaming, is an important cultural phenomenon in the Aboriginal culture. It refers to the period when ancient Aboriginal people created the world. Dreamtime stories explain the origins of the land, animals, plants, and people.

Aboriginal people have a special connection with land and geographical parts of it. It is fundamental to their cultural identity. The Aboriginals see the land as a spiritual entity and believe that their ancestors' spirits are present in their natural world.

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Christianity is the dominating religion in Australia at this moment, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. 43.9% of the habitants believe in Christianity and 38.9% of the people have no religion. 3.2% of the people have the Islam as their religion, lastly followed by Hinduism (2.7%) and Buddhism (2.4%).

The number of people who have Christianity as religion is decreasing, as seen in the graphic below.

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The boomerang is a decorated piece of wood shaped like the letter L which the Aboriginals used for hunting purposes. One could throw it in the air and it will return.

Interesting video about an American Boomerang contestant:
https://youtu.be/pdWcl6dt2h0

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Uluru is what is called an 'island mountain', which means it is a rock formation in the middle of a flat-earthed region. The mountain is one, big rock, named a 'monolith'. The distinguished, red colour of the mountain originates from minerals and oxidation processes in the stone.

It is also known as Ayer's rock, named by William Gosse in 1873 after Sir Henry Ayers. The Aboriginals named the mountain 'Uluru', and it is a sacred place in according to their religion.

The Anangu people, an Aboriginal tribe which lives in the same region as the mountain, believe that the site is hollow and that it contains an energy source of which they derive their dreamtime, the time in which life was created, according to Aboriginals.

Uluru, however, is not hollow, but a solid rock.

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The most practiced or popular sport  in Australia is football, also known as Australian football. It is the most popular sport for spectators and players. The second most popular sport in Australia is rugby, followed by soccer, cricket and basketball. The latter is the most popular sport for participants.

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Australia is a founding member of the Commonwealth. has been an  participant in the Commonwealth for over 60 years. It is in the top four-largest contributors to the Commonwealth budget.

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The Prime Minister of Australia is Head of Government. He is a member of the House of Representatives and leads the parliamentary party. He is chosen by a vote of the members of the government, and can keep his job as long as he is a member of parliament and has the support of the government. In Australia, there is no maximum period of service for a Prime Minister.

Some of his tasks:
- Naming ministers
- Representing the Australian Government overseas
- Acting as the chief government spokesperson

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Australia's Head of State is the King of Australia, His Majesty King Charles III.

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Asians have played a big part in making Australia the diverse and multicultural country that it is today.
Habitants from Asia started migrating to Australia back in the 1800s during the Gold Rush. They come from countries such as China, Japan, India, Vietnam and the Philippines.
Because of these wide varieties of cultures that now are present in Australia, the country knows multiple mixes of languages, traditions and a diverse cuisine.

Asians have made important contributions to the Australian society and growing economy. They have enriched the country's culture through art, music, literature, and cuisine. Many Asian people excel in education, business, science, and technology which helps the country thrive in (technical) innovation as well.

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Religious affiliation in Australia between 1971 and 2021

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Religious affiliation in Australia between 1971 and 2021

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The Didgeridoo is a blowing instrument used by the Aboriginals. It is used by pushing air between the lips through the long, wooden shaft. They come plain and decorated and they create a deep, vibrating sound.

Aboriginal man playing the Didgeridoo:
https://youtu.be/yG9ZX1FS20A

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Australians ancestry can be traced back to the British settlers who arrived in Australia during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. These settlers were often convicts, soldiers, or free settlers seeking new opportunities in these British colonies.

British settlers who arrived during the colonial period played a crucial role in the establishment of Australian society. They contributed to the development of agriculture, infrastructure, and they played a part in governing the expanding colonies.

With the British settlement, cultural traditions and influences arose as well. With establishing the English language, law system, and the parliamentary system, the British have made an unchangeable impact on the country. To this day, all these factors continue to shape Australian society.

The Irish are significantly present in Australia because of immigration waves, particularly during and after the Great Irish Potato Famine between 1845 and 1852.
Irish immigrants were looking for refuge and better living conditions in Australia, causing the development of an Irish-Australian society.

The Irish immigrants did not arrive empty handed. They came with traditions such as Irish music, dance and folklore.