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1. Founded by French

2. Key port city at Mississippi river

3. Trade, cultural exchange

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1. Founded by the Dutch in 1625

2. Trading post

3. New york after english took control

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1. First permanent english settlements in North America

2. Foundation of England's colonial presence

3. Tobacco cash crop

4. Indentured Servitude --> African Slavery

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1. Founded in the Carolina colony

2. Major port city

3. Plantation economy

4. Rice + Enslaved African Labor

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1. Founded by William Penn

2. Center for Quaker ideals (religious tolerance, fair governing)

3. Important city known for trade

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This is where the final major land battle of the American Revolutionary War, taking place from 9/28 - 10/19/1781 happened.

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The other site of the first battle on April 19, 1775 (Lexington and Concord) where the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War happened. The battle marked the transition from philosophical debate to armed conflict here also. The Second Continental Congress met and began as wartime government and formed the Continental Army under George Washington.

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The site of the first battle on April 19, 1775 (Lexington and Concord) where the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War happened. The battle marked the transition from philosophical debate to armed conflict here also. The Second Continental Congress met and began as wartime government and formed the Continental Army under George Washington.

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The Battle of Yorktown, fought in 1781, was the decisive, final major land battle of the American Revolution, where General George Washington's Franco-American army trapped and defeated the British army under General Cornwallis. The French naval also helped, forcing Cornwallis's surrender on October 19th. This major victory convinced the British government to negotiate peace, effectively securing American independence.

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Where the British lost for the first time. The Battles of Saratoga in September and October 1777 which resulted in the surrender of the British. Where and the turning point of the Revolutionary War happened. Directly persuading France to enter the conflict as an American ally with critical military and financial support.

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The Louisiana territory purchase doubled the size of the United States and provided control of the Mississippi River and its port at New Orleans, which was really important to the US for trade and expansion. The US had taken it from France and Spain whom had been keeping under their control initially.

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The Louisiana territory purchase doubled the size of the United States and provided control of the Mississippi River and its port at New Orleans, which was really important to the US for trade and expansion. The US had taken it from France and Spain whom had been keeping under their control initially.

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The Louisiana territory purchase doubled the size of the United States and provided control of the Mississippi River and its port at New Orleans, which was really important to the US for trade and expansion. The US had taken it from France and Spain whom had been keeping under their control initially.

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Was a slave state, where the missouri compromise existed. The Missouri Compromise line was an agreement meant to keep a balance between free states and slave states in the U.S. Senate. It drew a line at 36°30′ latitude across the Louisiana Territory where in the north, slavery as prohibited and the south allowed it. Future territories in the Louisiana Purchase were also impacted since their foundations would depend on whether they were north or south of the 36°30′ line.

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A free state that was above the Missouri Compromise line. The Missouri Compromise line was an agreement meant to keep a balance between free states and slave states in the U.S. Senate. It drew a line at 36°30′ latitude across the Louisiana Territory where in the north, slavery as prohibited and the south allowed it. Future territories in the Louisiana Purchase were also impacted since their foundations would depend on whether they were north or south of the 36°30′ line.

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The Missouri Compromise line was an agreement meant to keep a balance between free states and slave states in the U.S. Senate. It drew a line at 36°30′ latitude across the Louisiana Territory where in the north, slavery as prohibited and the south allowed it. Future territories in the Louisiana Purchase were also impacted since their foundations would depend on whether they were north or south of the 36°30′ line.

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The Erie Canal was the longest artificial waterway and the greatest public works project in North America. It created an economical transportation route connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, which fueled westward expansion by opening up the interior of North America to settlement and migration.

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The Border States (Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and Delaware) were slave states that stayed in the Union. Their loyalty was crucial because they provided troops, resources, and strategic locations for the Union.

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The Border States (Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and Delaware) were slave states that stayed in the Union. Their loyalty was crucial because they provided troops, resources, and strategic locations for the Union.

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The Border States (Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and Delaware) were slave states that stayed in the Union. Their loyalty was crucial because they provided troops, resources, and strategic locations for the Union.

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The Border States (Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and Delaware) were slave states that stayed in the Union. Their loyalty was crucial because they provided troops, resources, and strategic locations for the Union.

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The Battle of Fort Sumter in South Carolina marked the official start of the Civil War when Confederate forces fired on a Union fort. It united the North and led Lincoln to call for troops to suppress the rebellion.

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Fought in Pennsylvania, Gettysburg was the bloodiest battle of the Civil War and a major turning point. The Union victory ended Confederate hopes of invading the North and gaining foreign recognition.

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Bleeding Kansas was a series of violent clashes between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in Kansas Territory. It previewed the brutality and division that would erupt nationally during the Civil War.

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The Wilmington Coup of 1898, though after the Civil War, reflected ongoing racial tensions and the undoing of Reconstruction progress. It demonstrated how white supremacists violently overthrew a multiracial government in the South, erasing many of the war’s social gains.

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Bleeding Kansas was a series of violent clashes between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in the Kansas Territory. It foreshadowed the Civil War by demonstrating that the national divide over slavery could not be resolved peacefully, leading to political polarization and escalating violence.

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The Golden Spike ceremony in 1869 marked the completion of the first Transcontinental Railroad, linking the East and West coasts. It symbolized rapid industrial expansion and the growing power of railroad companies during the Gilded Age. The event also accelerated western settlement, immigration, and economic growth—while contributing to the displacement of Native American communities.

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Ellis Island opened in 1892 as the nation’s busiest immigration processing center. It represented the massive immigration wave that fueled industrial labor needs in the Gilded Age. Millions of immigrants entered the U.S. here, shaping urban growth, cultural diversity, and the labor force—while also facing discrimination and harsh living conditions.

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The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in 1911 killed 146 garment workers, many of them young immigrant women. It exposed the unsafe working conditions and exploitation common in Gilded Age factories. The tragedy sparked major labor reforms, including fire safety laws and stronger protections for workers.

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U.S. wanted Hawaii for their sugar. They wanted it to be sold in the U.S. duty free, but Queen Liliuokalani opposed to that, which led to Sanford B. Dole overthrowing her in 1893, and then William McKinley convinced Congress to annex Hawaii in 1898.

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Spanish colony in the Pacific whom the US helped free but then we took them as our own colony afterwards.

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It was given to the US by Spain as payment for the cost of the Spanish American War

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It was purchased by the US from Russia in 1867 for $7.2M - and that was really important because it removed foreign powers from the continent

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Naval base in Hawaii that was attacked by the Japanese on December 7, 1941. The sinking of much of the U.S. Pacific Fleet brought the United States into World War II.

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Site of Allied invasion of occupied France which happened to become the turning point in WWII

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The scene of the last great U.S. amphibious campaign in World War II and it Showed that the Japanese would "fight to the death" kind of trying to increase their nationalism.

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It was the first city to face nuclear attacks during World War II, the effects of the radiation still exist to this day.

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Berlin was the primary flashpoint of the early Cold War, serving as a microcosm of the East-West ideological struggle within a single divided city. Due to its location deep inside Soviet-controlled East Germany, it was the site of major crises.

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Vietnam was the most significant example of a Cold War proxy war in Southeast Asia, with the United States committing massive military resources to prevent the country's unification under a communist government, driven by the Domino Theory.

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Cuba's significance stems from its 1959 revolution, which brought Fidel Castro's communist regime to power just 90 miles from the U.S. coast, making it a Soviet ally in the Western Hemisphere. The 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed attempt to overthrow Castro, but the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis was its most critical role.

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Turkey was a NATO member that served as a strategic point for the U.S. to contain the Soviet Union, bordering Soviet territory and hosting U.S. intermediate-range ballistic missiles. Its significance peaked during the Cuban Missile Crisis, when President Kennedy secretly agreed to remove the U.S. Jupiter missiles stationed in Turkey in exchange for the Soviet Union removing its missiles.

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The Korean Peninsula was the site of the Korean War, the first major military action based on the U.S. policy of Containment. Inchon was the site of a daring amphibious landing orchestrated by General Douglas MacArthur in 1950, which successfully cut off the North Korean supply lines and allowed UN forces to push them back.

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Twin Towers, Greenwich Street, New York, NY

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The terrorist attacks when hijacked airplanes were crashed into the World Trade Center towers in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., leading to widespread loss of life and initiating the War on Terror.

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Twin Towers, Greenwich Street, New York, NY

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The act which reduced the exertion of CFCs because it is depleting our Ozone layer which protects our atmosphere.

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An international agreement establishing targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, with the aim of mitigating climate change; it was adopted in 1997 and came into force in 2005.

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The U.S. naval base in Cuba that gained international attention for its use as a detention facility for individuals captured in the War on Terror, particularly after the September 11 attacks.

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An Islamist militant group that gained control of Afghanistan in the 1990s, and enforced a strict interpretation of Islamic law, and became a focal point in the War on Terror following their association with Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda.