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Read this very short article about the desegregation of the University of Alabama.

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Read this very short article about the desegregation of the University of Alabama.

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Why did JFK send the National Guard to Alabama? Which Supreme Court case is associated with this event?

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Facing federalized Alabama National Guard troops, Alabama Governor George Wallace ends his blockade of the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa and allows two African American students to enroll.

George Wallace, one of the most controversial politicians in U.S. history, was elected governor of Alabama in 1962 under an ultra-segregationist platform. In his 1963 inaugural address, he promised his white followers: "Segregation now! Segregation tomorrow! Segregation forever!" When African American students attempted to desegregate the University of Alabama in June 1963, Alabama's new governor, flanked by state troopers, literally blocked the door of the enrollment office. The U.S. Supreme Court, however, had declared segregation unconstitutional in 1954's Brown v. Board of Education, and the executive branch undertook aggressive tactics to enforce the ruling.

On June 10, 1963, President John F. Kennedy federalized National Guard troops and deployed them to the University of Alabama to force its desegregation. The next day, Governor Wallace yielded to the federal pressure, and two African American students-Vivian Malone and James A. Hood-successfully enrolled. In September of the same year, Wallace again attempted to block the desegregation of an Alabama public school-this time Tuskegee High School in Huntsville-but President Kennedy once again employed his executive authority and federalized National Guard troops. Wallace had little choice but to yield.

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Facing federalized Alabama National Guard troops, Alabama Governor George Wallace ends his blockade of the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa and allows two African American students to enroll. George Wallace, one of the most controversial politicians in U.S. history, was elected governor of Alabama in 1962 under an ultra-segregationist platform.

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Protesters, including Martin Luther King, Jr., made the 54-mile march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama in an effort to register Black voters. The demonstrators were met with violence (bombs, beatings, tear gas, whips, clubs), but the world was watching them march--which they did for three days straight. The march raised awareness for a piece of national legislation that ensured Black people could vote without having to pay poll taxes or take literacy tests. This, along with Freedom Summer, helped President Johnson be able to push through such a piece of legislation. What piece of legislation banned race-based restrictions on voting?

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Watch the video about Selma and "Bloody Sunday" (you don't need sound for it).

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Watch the video about Selma and "Bloody Sunday" (you don't need sound for it).

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People call the violent attacks that the protestors were met with as they crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge "Bloody Sunday." TV crews captured the entire event and broadcast it on TV that night. How do you think the country reacted? Why?

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Bloody Sunday in Selma, Ala., March 7, 1965

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April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr. is assassinated by James Earl Ray on a hotel balcony in Memphis Tennessee.

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April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr. is assassinated by James Earl Ray on a hotel balcony in Memphis Tennessee.

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In this picture, we see men pointing to where the assassin was. Predict: how do you think people reacted to this assassination?

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News of MLK's assassination sparked outbreaks of violence across the US. Before he passed, MLK was recorded as saying that he wanted to be remembered as someone who "tried to give his life serving others." Reflect in the comments on MLK's impact on the Civil Rights Movement, on the US, and/or on the world.