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이글에 비고츠키라는 인물이 나온다. 이글의 이해를 돕기위해 비고츠키의 협력에 관한 내용을 가져왔다. (최혜주)

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이글에 비고츠키라는 인물이 나온다. 이글의 이해를 돕기위해 비고츠키의 협력에 관한 내용을 가져왔다. (최혜주)

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'협치'부터 산학협력, 협력업체(하청업체)까지 협력을 수식어로 한 낱말들이 넘쳐납니다. 서점에도 <이기적 유전자>와 '경쟁'이 종말을 고한 자리를 <협력의 진화>, <협력하는 종>, <협력하는 괴짜>가 차지하고 있습니다. 여기저기서 협력만이 살 길이라고 외치고 있습니다. 가히 협력의 시대라 할 만합니다. 그런데 협력은 MOU나 약정서 체결로 단박에 만들어지는 것이 아닙니다. 그것은 주체들 간의 관계에서 형성되는 일종의 문화입니다. 협력은 어떤 목적을 달성하기 위하여 서로 힘을 합하여 돕는 것을 말합니다. 협동이 문제해결을 위한 기능적 분업을 강조하는 데 비해 협력은 구성원들 간의 동등한 상호 참여를 강조합니다. 따라서 구성원 모두가 전체 과정에 공동으로 참여하고 기여할 기회를 갖는 것이 중요합니다.

비고츠키에 따르면 협력은 인간 발달에 필수적인 것이며 발달과정에서 성취되는 고등정신기능입니다. 사회 안의 무수한 타인들과의 만남과 관계의 역사 속에 지금의 내가 있습니다. 그러나 그러한 인식 자체가 저절로 주체로 하여금 생각이 다른 타자들과 소통하려는 마음과 의지를 갖게 하거나 협력을 담보하는 것은 아닙니다. 지속적인 협력의 경험과 실천이 필요할 것입니다. 왜냐하면, 우리는 혼자만으로 해결하기 어려운 문제에 직면했을 때 비로소 누군가와 머리를 맞대고 힘을 모읍니다. 그리고 그 도중에 벌어지는 갈등과 충돌을 몸소 헤쳐나가며 '협력'이라는 기능을 배우기 때문입니다. 그 과정에서 참여 주체는 더불어 함께 자라는 성장의 기쁨을 조금씩 알게 되고, 이것이 미래의 협력을 이끕니다.

교실은 학생들이 협력을 배울 수 있는 참 좋은 공간입니다. 노란 고무줄과 끈, 종이컵 몇 개만 갖고도 공동체 탑쌓기 놀이를 하며 환호합니다. 다른 친구들이 잡아당기는 힘에 얼추 맞게 자기의 힘을 조절해가며 어울림을 배웁니다. 서로의 생각들을 자유롭게 쏟아내며 전략을 짜기도 합니다. 그 몰입의 순간에 학생들은 혼자서는 결코 경험하지 못할 협력의 기쁨을 맛봅니다. 그러나 입시경쟁과 상대평가에 짓눌린 교실에서 학생들은 협력 대신 각자도생을 선택합니다. 입시와 내신은 눈앞의 현실이기 때문입니다. 대입제도 개편 논의가 한창입니다. 이러한 교육 의제의 중심은 아이들의 발달교육과 협력문화 창출로 모아져야 할 것입니다.

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≪교육희망≫ [안녕하세요, 비고츠키] 협력의 기쁨

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'협치'부터 산학협력, 협력업체(하청업체)까지 협력을 수식어로 한 낱말들이 넘쳐납니다. 서점에도 와 '경쟁'이 종말을 고한 자리를 , , 가 차지하고 있습니다. 여기저기서 협력만이 살 길이라고 외치고 있습니다. 가히 협력의 시대라 할 만합니다. 그런데 협력은 MOU나 약정서 체결로 단박에 만들어지는 것이 아닙니다. 그것은 주체들 간의 관계에서 형성되는 일종의 문화입니다.

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1. 개인 활동
배정 된 Skill에 대한 자료를 검색한 후 공유하고 싶은 내용 포스팅하기(링크, 영상, 읽기자로 등)

2. 그룹 활동
1번의 내용을 확인하고 토론하여 그룹별로 배정 된 skill을 정의하기(영어로)

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Cognitive skills include all the information-processing and thinking skills, often called "study skills" in a school environment.

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Affective skills are the skills of behaviour and emotional management underpinning attitudinal factors such as resilience, perseverance and self-motivation, which often have a large role to play in educational achievement.

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Metacognitive skills are the skills that students can use to monitor the effectiveness of their learning skills and processes, to better understand and evaluate their learning.

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1. What are your strengths as a learner?
2. Which skill do you want to develop more? Why?

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The world's greatest leaders, in fact, in any position of responsibility or authority, are experts at both self and people management. This article is your guide to the essential skills to manage yourself in order to remain productive and manage people in a professional and healthy way.
5 Self-Management Skills

In order to be truly productive, successful and happy, you need to first develop the art of self-management. This is our ability to manage our behaviours, thoughts, and emotions in a conscious and productive way. By using the below skills, you will have the foundation for being effective both professionally and personally.

Positivity

The first step to developing a positive outlook is having long-term and short-term goals. Motivate yourself to achieve them with a constant stream of positivity. Refuse to allow negativity into your mind. As you complete your goals, you'll start to see a snowball effect. The thing about genuine positivity is that it's infectious, so project your positivity onto those around you and build a positive environment at work and at home.

Self-Awareness

Understanding the causes of your own behaviour is an incredibly important skill to have. By learning to observe yourself from an objective standpoint you can, for example, make a genuine effort to remain neutral instead of becoming defensive. Self-awareness is a valuable and worthwhile skill that few truly master and it takes years of effort to truly achieve, so start working on it today.

Stress Management

If you're the type to make mountains out of molehills, you're putting yourself in danger of serious health issues. By implementing effective anti-stress techniques, you will be more proactive in managing the things that pop up in life rather than reacting in negative ways. The key to managing stress effectively is delaying your initial reaction and thinking about an effective way to deal with a situation such as taking the time to be mindful, breathe and relax.

Responsibility

From a very young age, the school teaches us to take responsibility for ourselves, although many of us never master this skill. Prioritise your most important responsibilities, take care of tasks as they come up, and most importantly, accept the mistakes you make. This is the only way you can develop yourself and move on from your mistakes because you inevitably will, and there is nothing wrong with that as long as we learn from them.

Rest

It's impossible to operate at 100% capacity all of the time, and although it might not seem it, the best path towards higher productivity is to manage your downtime. Got a huge load of work to knock out in a single day? Ensure you schedule breaks and enjoy them. If you've got a big year coming up, schedule a weekend where you can relax and unwind to avoid burnout.

5 People Management Skills

Having amazing people management skills is what separates a good manager from a great one. Effective people management is a necessary quality for current and aspiring leaders who aim to improve workplace communication and prepare employees for success. The below skills will help you to develop your strengths and identify areas for improvement.

Flexibility

Your employees view the company from a completely different viewpoint from yourself, so it's useful to be flexible enough to collaborate or incorporate their ideas into a business strategy. This will not only serve to accommodate needs you may have not previously considered but will also make employees feel they are a worthy company addition. Be open to suggestions (preferably helpful suggestions) and follow up with a report of how effective these implemented changes have been.

Visibility

While it's understood that managers have a higher level of responsibility than other team members, it's important to be open and communicative. Weekly team meetings are a great way for everyone to both inform and stay informed on what each department has been working on, including managers. Answer any questions employees may have on any projects that have been occupying your time, and keep the team informed on progression - be your own office gossip.

Recognition

As tempting as it is to take praise for a job well done, acknowledgment of a team effort is paramount. Give fellow colleagues positive recognition for anything they have been working hard on and be sure to pass along any compliments, comments, or positive feedback you have had from clients and customers. However, this also includes being aware of any situations in a working environment that may be hindering success or preventing a positive outcome.

Motivation

Being motivated and projecting passion and enthusiasm for your work and your team is essential for a happy, healthy team environment. To tune in and channel your employee's motivation leads to a well-balanced working environment - employees are driven to do better, and employers hit the target. Try using fitting rewards to push your team to the end goal. Hitting a weekly target or successfully completing a project could equate to an offsite team lunch, for example.

Good Communication

Short and sweet; clear communication is one of the essential people management skills every manager needs. It's pretty simple - if you can't give your team a definite direction, who will? Being able to effectively communicate both verbally and

Where to Apply These Skills

To learn the skills required to effectively manage yourself and others, enrol in our BSB50420 Diploma of Leadership and Management. Managing team effectiveness, leading communication in the workplace, and demonstrating leadership are just some of the capabilities you will develop during your studies with Foundation Education.
Find out more about how to become a leader in your field by checking out our Business and Management Courses or contact our friendly support team on 1300 616 197.

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10 Essential Self-Management Skills | Foundation Education

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The world's greatest leaders, in fact, in any position of responsibility or authority, are experts at both self and people management. This article is your guide to the essential skills to manage yourself in order to remain productive and manage people in a professional and healthy way.

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https://www.dbpia.co.kr/pdf/pdfView.do?nodeId=NODE10576646
The ability to monitor the writing process

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논문, 학술저널 검색 플랫폼 서비스

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Why do we do the things we do? What drives our behavior? Psychologists have proposed different ways of thinking about motivation, including looking at whether motivation arises from outside (extrinsic) or inside (intrinsic) an individual.

Mental Health in the Workplace Webinar
On May 19, 2022, Verywell Mind hosted a virtual Mental Health in the Workplace webinar, hosted by Amy Morin, LCSW. If you missed it, check out this recap to learn ways to foster supportive work environments and helpful strategies to improve your well-being on the job.
Researchers have found that each type has a different effect on a person's behavior and pursuit of goals. To better understand the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on human behavior, it will help to learn how each type works.

What Is Extrinsic Motivation?

Extrinsic motivation is when we are motivated to perform a behavior or engage in an activity because we want to earn a reward or avoid punishment.﻿﻿ You will engage in behavior not because you enjoy it or because you find it satisfying, but because you expect to get something in return or avoid something unpleasant.

What Is Intrinsic Motivation?

Intrinsic motivation is when you engage in a behavior because you find it rewarding. You are performing an activity for its own sake rather than from the desire for some external reward. The behavior itself is its own reward.﻿﻿

Extrinsic Motivation

Participating in a sport to win awards

Cleaning your room to avoid being reprimanded by your parents

Competing in a contest to win a scholarship

Studying because you want to get a good grade

Intrinsic Motivation

Participating in a sport because you find the activity enjoyable

Cleaning your room because you like tidying up

Solving a word puzzle because you find the challenge fun and exciting

Studying a subject you find fascinating

Press Play for Advice On Staying Motivated

Hosted by therapist Amy Morin, LCSW, this episode of The Verywell Mind Podcast shares how to stay motivated and focused even when you don't want to. Click below to listen now.

Follow Now: Apple Podcasts / Spotify / Google Podcasts

Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Motivation: Which Is Best?

Extrinsic motivation arises from outside of the individual while intrinsic motivation comes from within. Research has shown that each type has a different effect on human behavior.﻿﻿

Studies have demonstrated that offering excessive external rewards for an already internally rewarding behavior can reduce intrinsic motivation-a phenomenon known as the overjustification effect.

For example, in a 2008 study, children who were rewarded for playing with a toy they had already expressed interest in playing with became less interested in the item after being externally rewarded.﻿﻿

This is not to suggest that extrinsic motivation is a bad thing-it can be beneficial in some situations. For example, extrinsic motivation can be particularly helpful when a person needs to complete a task that they find unpleasant.

Additionally, external rewards can:

Be a source of feedback to let people know when their performance has achieved a standard that is deserving of reinforcement

Induce interest and participation in an activity an individual was not initially interested in

Motivate people to acquire new skills or knowledge (once these early skills have been learned, people might become more intrinsically motivated to pursue an activity)

Extrinsic motivators should be avoided in situations where:

An individual already finds the activity intrinsically rewarding

Offering a reward might make a "play" activity seem more like "work"

When to Use External Rewards

Motivate a person to learn something new

Make a person more interested in an activity that they are not interested in

Provide feedback to people to let them know their performance is worthy of recognition

When Not to Use External Rewards

A person is already interested in the topic, task, or activity

Offering a reward would make the activity feel like "work" instead of "play"

When to Use Extrinsic Motivation

Most people assume that intrinsic motivation is best, but it is not always possible in every situation. Sometimes a person simply has no internal desire to engage in an activity. Offering excessive rewards can be problematic as well.

However, when they are used appropriately, extrinsic motivators can be a useful tool. For example, extrinsic motivation can get people to complete a work task or school assignment that they are not interested in.

Researchers have arrived at three primary conclusions regarding extrinsic rewards and their influence on intrinsic motivation:

1. Intrinsic motivation will decrease when external rewards are given for completing a particular task or only doing minimal work.﻿﻿ If parents heap lavish praise on their child every time they complete a simple task, the child will become less intrinsically motivated to perform that task in the future.

2. Praise can increase internal motivation. Researchers have found that offering positive praise and feedback when people do something better than others can improve intrinsic motivation.﻿﻿

3. Unexpected external rewards do not decrease intrinsic motivation.﻿﻿ If you get a good grade on a test because you enjoy learning about a subject and the teacher decides to reward you with a gift card to your favorite pizza place, your underlying motivation for learning about the subject will not be affected. However, rewarding in this situation needs to be done with caution because people will sometimes come to expect rewards.

How Do Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation Influence Learning?

Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation play a significant role in learning. Experts have argued that education's traditional emphasis on external rewards (such as grades, report cards, and gold stars) undermines any existing intrinsic motivation that students might have.

Others have suggested that extrinsic motivators help students feel more competent in the classroom, which in turn enhances their intrinsic motivation.﻿﻿

"A person's interest often survives when a reward is used neither to bribe nor to control but to signal a job well done, as in a "most improved player" award. If a reward boosts your feeling of competence after doing good work, your enjoyment of the task may increase.

Rewards, rightly administered, can motivate high performance and creativity. And extrinsic rewards (such as scholarships, admissions, and jobs that often follow good grades) are here to stay."

-David G. Meyers, Psychology: Eighth Edition in Modules

A Word From Verywell

Both extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation drive human behavior. There are several key differences between motivation that comes from external rewards and the kind that is driven by an individual's genuine interest, including the influence of each type on a person's behavior and the situations in which each type will be most effective.

Understanding how each type of motivation works and when it is likely to be useful can help people perform tasks (even when they do not want to) and improve their learning.

Additional Reading

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Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Motivation: What's the Difference?

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Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation can impact behavior in different ways. Learn the differences between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.

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PYP
Gross motor skills Exhibiting skills in which groups of large muscles are used and the factor of strength is primary.
Fine motor skills Exhibiting skills in which precision in delicate muscle systems is required.
Spatial awareness Displaying a sensitivity to the position of objects in relation to oneself or each other.
Organization Planning and carrying out activities effectively.
Time management Using time effectively and appropriately.
Safety Engaging in personal behaviour that avoids placing oneself or others in
danger or at risk.
Healthy lifestyle Making informed choices to achieve a balance in nutrition, rest, relaxation and exercise; practising appropriate hygiene and self-care.
Codes of behaviour Knowing and applying appropriate rules or operating procedures of groups of people.
Informed choices Selecting an appropriate course of action or behaviour based on fact or opinion.

MYP
Organisation How can students demonstrate organization skills?
Managing time and tasks effectively

Plan short- and long-term assignments; meet deadlines

Create plans to prepare for summative assessments (examinations

Keep and use a weekly planner for assignments

Set goals that are challenging and realistic

Plan strategies and take action to achieve personal and academic goals

Bring necessary equipment and supplies to class

Keep an organized and logical system of information files/notebooks

Use appropriate strategies for organizing complex information

Understand and use sensory learning preferences (learning styles)

Select and use technology effectively and productively

How can studentsmanage their own state of mind?
Mindfulness Affective

Practise focus and concentration

Practise strategies to develop mental focus

Practise strategies to overcome distractions

Practise being aware of body-mind connections

Perseverance

Demonstrate persistence and perseverance

Practise delaying gratification

Emotional management

Practise strategies to overcome impulsiveness and anger

Practise strategies to prevent and eliminate bullying

Practise strategies to reduce stress and anxiety

Self-motivation

Practise analysing and attributing causes for failure

Practise managing self-talk

Practise positive thinking

Resilience

Practise "bouncing back" after adversity, mistakes and failures

Practise "failing well"

Practise dealing with disappointment and unmet expectations

Practise dealing with change

Reflection skills How can students be reflective?
Develop new skills, techniques and strategies for effective learning
Identify strengths and weaknesses of personal learning strategies (self-assessment)
Demonstrate flexibility in the selection and use of learning strategies
Try new ATL skills and evaluate their effectiveness
Consider content
Consider ATL skills development

How can I share my skills to help peers who need more practice?

What will I work on next?

Consider personal learning strategies

What can I do to become a more efficient and effective learner?

How can I become more flexible in my choice of learning strategies?

What factors are important for helping me learn well?

Focus on the process of creating by imitating the work of others
Consider ethical, cultural and environmental implications
Keep a journal to record reflections

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PYP Gross motor skills Exhibiting skills in which groups of large muscles are used and the factor of strength is primary. Fine motor skills Exhibiting skills in which precision in delicate muscle...

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Being able to communicate effectively is one of the most important life skills to learn. Communication is defined as transferring information to produce greater understanding.

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신동현, 어린시절에 사회적 기술의 교

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신동현, 어린시절에 사회적 기술의 교육이 미칠수 있는 영향에 대한 자료

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LIVE 라이브 교육학, 교육평가 : 네이버 블로그

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Digital Literacy Skills: Finding Information

The internet has provided us with a wealth of information at our fingertips. The problem with this is, we almost have too much information to choose from. It is sometimes difficult to sort between real information, misinformation, opinions, and bias. Most of us rely on search engines to do the sorting for us but this also isn't enough. Students need to know how to search accurately and then to evaluate the information they find, our critical thinking guide will help you develop these skills.

When researching online independently students may rely on a quick Google or Wikipedia search, followed by copy and paste! There are issues here with plagiarism but mainly, there is a lack of knowledge on how to conduct proper research online. It is important for students to learn how to search for accurate and reliable information as this will become a valuable tool for them should they go on to further education or indeed for their future jobs. Developing this area of digital literacy means showing students the tools they can use to help them research better. These skills will also improve overall study skills.

From starting your search to verifying the information you find, here are 15 tips for better online research.

1. Think before you begin.

Rewrite every assignment in your own words before you begin your research. This will force you to understand it, and make it much more likely that you'll be able to identify what is helpful when you see it. If you need help, ask your teacher, librarian, parent or classmate for help. Then, brainstorm and make a list of key search terms, using mostly nouns, rather than verbs. Create a series of terms that you can search in combinations of two, three or more. When you find a good search result, look at the most important words in it, and add them to your keyword list. Try a series of keyword combinations. Also, keep track of the sources you review.

2. Where to start your search?

Don't rely on search engines such as Google, Bing, Yahoo, etc. to do all the research for you.

The internet is not always the best place to start; databases may help you find credible information you need more quickly than any search engine will.

You must select and always be able to defend the sources you use before you start writing. You could also try several search engines to research information. There is more than one, we promise. If you want to stay with Google, you could try using Google Scholar to find academic resources.

3. When looking at search results, dig deep - don't stop at the first page!

Many websites rank high in search engines for reasons that have nothing to do with the quality of their content.

Professionals and academics don't optimise their content for search engines, so it usually does not appear at the top.

4. Use special search functions to make the search engines work for you

Useful search functions can help to empower students to search more effectively for information related to their topic.

Search using combinations of several keywords.

The use of quotation marks around the search keywords will ensure that search results for these terms are returned in the order they were entered. For example, using quotation marks to search for "online safety" will return results for that exact term, otherwise the search results will include all references to both words.

Learn the AROUND function.

Search "Kennedy" AROUND(10) "moon" and the top results will be ones in which Kennedy appears within ten words of moon.

NOTE: both search terms must be in quotes, AROUND must be capitalised, and the number must be in parenthesis.

You can find a particular type of file by adding in the file type into the search engine, for example, if you want to find a PowerPoint presentation you can add 'PPT' to the search engine, or if you would like to find worksheets/essays/articles add in 'PDF' after the search word in your search engine.

5. Find Primary Sources

Think of primary sources such as newspaper and magazine accounts, letters, diaries, films, photographs and other documents written or recorded at the time of the event as "eye-witness accounts" which are generally more reliable than second-hand information.

Evaluating the content you find.

With so much content available it is important to be able to judge what information is accurate and reliable, and what is not. Here are useful tips to evaluate content.

6. Check the URL/website address.

Does the website have a strange website address or url?

False information articles may use domain names that look like a trusted news or media site, but with minor spelling changes.

7. Take a closer look.

Check the source of the information - is it a credible/reliable source?
If you are unfamiliar with the site, look in the about section or find out more information about the author. If the site doesn't list this information, then leave and visit another site. Also, look for information about the publisher or author by searching their names in a search engine. Any credible publisher or author should be mentioned on other reputable websites. When you find content on Wikipedia, do you know who wrote it? No, you don't. Wikipedia contributors are anonymous; you do not know anything about them or their credentials. It may be a place to do your "pre-research" to find keywords to search on.

8. Look beyond the headline

Check the entire article. False and unreliable information can often use sensationalist or shocking headlines to grab attention, but a headline or social media post does not give the full story.

Often the headlines used for false information are in all caps and use exclamation points.

9. Remember, the camera can lie.

Don't assume that a picture is reliable. Images that have been altered, or even used out of context, can make it easy to draw the wrong conclusions.

10. Just because information goes viral does not mean that it is accurate.

False or misleading information can be designed to provoke a strong reaction and therefore increase the likelihood that people will be prompted to 'share' it. Social media and messaging platforms make it extremely easy for information to be shared quickly to many people.

Can you find the same information on other reputable website? Are there any sources in the information?

If so, check they are reliable or if they even exist. If you find a few unrelated, credible websites in agreement on an issue, your research may be done. This is not the case if you read something just once. Watch the following video:

This video was an Aprils Fools joke by the BBC. As it is a website that we usually associate with accurate information, it can take a few moments to realise it is false information. It is important that information is verified by a number of sources before it is believed. Read more about False Information.

12. Check the facts

False information often contains incorrect dates or altered timelines. It is also a good idea to check when the article was published, is it current or old? Check when an article was written or last updated. If you can't tell when a source was written, then keep looking until you find a good source about the topic that does have a recent date, so you can see if anything has changed.

13. Check your biases.

Are your own views or beliefs affecting your judgement of how accurate or reliable a piece of information is? In general, we are all drawn to information that confirms our own beliefs or biases. Online algorithms that are designed to give us news and information based on our personalised searches and interests make it harder to see beyond our own world view.

14. Is it a joke?

Satirical sites are popular online and sometimes it is not always clear whether a story is just a joke or parody. Check the website - is it known for satire or creating funny stories?

15. Ask the experts.

There are many organisations offering guidance and resources to help recognise false information, to empower people to make informed choices.

Developed by Media Literacy Ireland, Be Media Smart offers useful tips and guidance on how to tell the difference between reliable and accurate information and or deliberately false or misleading information.

Media Literacy Ireland - www.medialiteracyireland.ie

Facilitated by the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland, MLI is a network of volunteer members coming from a large number of sectors, organisations and interests, working together to empower people to make informed media choices about the media content and services that they consume, create, and disseminate across all platforms. The MLI offers useful media literacy resources, research, and news.

Explained: What is False Information?

For more on what false information is, who creates it and why, and how to spot it watch our Explainer Video.

This animation video supports the Junior Cycle Digital Media Literacy resource .

Fact-checking sources include:

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Digital Literacy Skills: Finding Information -

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The internet has provided us with a wealth of information at our fingertips. The problem with this is, we almost have too much information to choose from. It is sometimes difficult to sort between real information, misinformation, opinions, and bias. Most of us rely on search engines to do the sorting for us but this also isn't enough.

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https://summerboardingcourses.com/blogs/the-importance-of-presentation-skills-and-how-to-ace-your-presentation/

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How to make a presentation fantastic

How can you keep your audience interested in your public speaking topics? To see how to make an effective presentation exciting and engaging, read on for our top tips for a good presentation.

Start strong

How you start your presentation is critical! An audience is going to decide if they are going to listen to you by how you begin. To engage the audience immediately, tell an interesting story, show an intriguing picture or do something entertaining. By using one of these public speaking techniques, your audience will be hooked.

Create variety

One way to master the art of public speaking is to create variety in your presentation. It will keep your audience interested! Use video. Use eye catching images. Involve your audience as much as possible! Ask them questions to keep them alert. Not talking all of the time, and using different ways to communicate your idea definitely helps.

Speak clearly

Good public speakers make a presentation even better by speaking clearly. You want your audience to hear what you are saying, so make sure you speak at a good volume. If the student at the back of the room can hear you, then your volume is great!

We understand this can be difficult when you are nervous. Try to look forward to project your voice, make eye contact with the audience and following our techniques above if you're feeling nervous!

Emphasise words you want your audience to hear. Add suspense and intrigue by speaking more softly. Use body language as well as your voice volume to increase excitement!

Practice makes perfect here. Joining us at Summer Boarding Courses will show you how to improve your interpersonal communication skills and decrease your public speaking anxiety. Find out more about practicing your presentation skills with us during our Time to Shine projects.

Try your best to be confident

If our calming techniques do not work, it is still possible that people cannot see just how nervous you actually are! Even if you do not feel confident, acting confident helps.

Speak at a good pace

Speaking at a pace where the audience can understand you is so important when you deliver a presentation. Keeping an optimal pace provides time for the listeners to understand the content, take notes, and ask questions.

A good presenter should learn not to speak too quickly, because they need to give time for the audience to understand what is being said. At the same time, the pace should not be so slow that the presenter runs out of time to complete the presentation (and the audience becomes bored!).

Have a Plan B

If your presentation is on a computer or hard drive, make sure you have a backup! Having your notes in paper format and some images which do not rely on technology will help you if worst comes to worst!

How can you improve your presentation skills?

With our tips and advice, we hope you are feeling more confident when it comes to how to give a good presentation. Presentation skills are really important and we encourage you to join us during the Summer to take your English to the next level!

If you'd like to improve your public speaking skills and learn more about how to do a presentation at Summer Boarding Courses, get in touch today and we'll help find the right summer school course for you!

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The Importance of Presentation Skills (and how to ace your presentation!) | Summer Boarding Courses

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How can you keep your audience interested in your public speaking topics? To see how to make an effective presentation exciting and engaging, read on for our top tips for a good presentation. How you start your presentation is critical! An audience is going to decide if they are going to listen to you by how you begin.

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Because in this document we can't get accurate information from academic honesty

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Because in this document we can't get accurate information from academic honesty

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https://www.brandeis.edu/student-rights-community-standards/academic-integrity/students/maintain.html

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Helpful Hints to Maintain Academic Integrity

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Department of Student Rights and Community Standards Shapiro Campus Center MS 203 Brandeis University 415 South Street Waltham, MA 02453

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https://youtu.be/W3P3rT0j2gQ
: reading minds through body language

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Communication skills are very broad and is a cluster of different skills and forms. Some of the essential skills of communication are;
- the ability to communicate in written, oral form
- the ability to listen, understand the message
- the ability to read and understand different texts
- the ability to write texts for various purposes
- the ability to form an argument in speaking and writing
- the ability to use aids when presenting for better understanding

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https://youtu.be/fLaslONQAKM
: the power of non-verbal conversation

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https://youtu.be/MnrJzXM7a6o
: steve jobs presenting iphone

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https://blogs.ibo.org/blog/2018/04/05/communication-for-a-purpose/
: IB blog on communication skills

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https://youtu.be/H6n3iNh4XLI
: how to have a good conversation

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협동 학습의 개념과 유형, 단점과 장점

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협동 학습의 개념과 유형, 단점과 장점

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통합티칭디자인연구소/풍부한맥락적수업나눔연구소 : 네이버 블로그

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https://www.branksome.asia/korean-home/our-community/news/story-korean/~board/wholeschool-news-korean/post/the-ib-diploma-critical-thinking-advantage

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옥스포드 대학의 한 연구에 따르면 ​국제 바칼로레아(IB)를 이수하는 학생들은 IB 학습을 하지 않는 학생들보다 비판적​ ​사고라는 측면에서 더 유리한 위치를 점하고 있는 것처럼 보인다고 합니다. (관련 내용 Link). 이는 IB 디플로마 학생들이 정보를 분석, ​종합​ 및 평가하는 능력이 더 뛰어나다는 것을 의미합니다. 결과적으로 ​학생들​은 비판적 사고를 통해 겉으로 명백히 보이는 내용 이상의 것을 탐색할 수 있기 때문에 문제 해결 능력도 향상됩니다.

이러한 능력은 ​IB 학교인 브랭섬홀 아시아를 넘어​ 학생들의 미래를 ​준비하는데 있어서 매우 큰 자산이기에 이러한 조사 결과는 반가운 소식이라고 할 수 있습니다. 하지만 이 조사에서 "~처럼 보​인​다"라는 표현은 그다지 설득력있게 들리지 않는데 이를 비판적으로 사고해 본다면 연구자들이 왜 이러한 문구를 사용했을까에 대해 이해하실 수 있을 것입니다. ​관찰 연구, 즉 통제된 실험과 대비되는 이와 같은 연구에서는 원인과 결과를 가정하지 않습니다. 따라서 엄밀히 말하자면 이 조사에 참여한 IB 학생들이 동시대의 다른 학생들에 비해 월등한 비판적 사고력을 보이고 있다고 할 수 있는 것입니다. 우리는 앞으로 이와 같은 관찰 결과를 더욱 발전시키면서 사회 경제적 지위, 인지 능력, 인구 통계와 같은 요소들을 고려해 볼 수 있을 것입니다.

저는 ​IB 디플로마 ​프로그램에서 학생들의 비판적 사고력을 길러주는 핵심 교육과정이 소논문(Extended Essay)과 지식 이론(TOK)에 있다고 생각합니다. 자신만의 독립적인 연구 주제로 진행되는 이 교육과정은 디플로마 학생들에게 가장 고된 배움의 시간이라고 할 수 있습니다. 최근 본교 12학년 학생들은 이 수 개월간의 연구와 실험, 분석, 그리고 평가 끝에 자신만의 연구 ​결과물을 제출하였습니다. ​하지만 여기서 끝나는 것이 아닙니다. 이 과정의 마지막 단계로 자신의 연구 내용에 대해 설명하고 변론하​는 구술시험(viva voce)이 남아 있습니다. 이번 주 초에 12학년의 나시윤 학생은 MBC 방송사로부터 AI 머신러닝 분석을 통해 본교의 전기 사용량을 예측하는 자신의 소논문 연구에 대해 인터뷰 요청을 받고 방송 카메라 앞에서 성공적인 변론을 펼치기도 했습니다.*

우리는 이 도전적인 소논문 과정에 참여한 12학년 전원 학생들을 매우 자랑스럽게 생각하며, 이번 주에 열린 ​​Silver Platter 행사를 통해 작게나마 학생들의 노력과 성취에 대해 축하하고 기념하는 시간을 갖게 되어 매우 기쁘게 생각합니다. 이처럼 디플로마 과정을 통해 학생들은 자신의 조사 능력과 더불어 비판적인 사고력을 개발하며 옥스포드 대학의 연구자들이 밝혔듯이 "IB 디플로마 학생들은 월등한 비판적 사고력을 지닌다"​라​는 점을 입증하고 있습니다.

* 브랭섬홀 아시아의 본 인터뷰 내용과 우수 교육으로 차별화된 수업 과정이 MBC '와랑와랑 제주' 프로그램을 통해 오늘(12월 11일) 오후 6시 10분과 내일 토요일 오전 9시(재방송)에 공중파로 소개될 예정입니다. '와랑와랑 제주' 유튜브 채널로도 재시청 가능하오니 많은 시청 부탁 드립니다.

Dr. Terry McAdams
Director of Technology, Research and Innovation

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비판적 사고력 향상을 위한 IB 디플로마

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옥스포드 대학의 한 연구에 따르면 ​국제 바칼로레아(IB)를 이수하는 학생들은 IB 학습을 하지 않는 학생들보다 비판적​ ​사고라는 측면에서 더 유리한 위치를 점하고 있는 것처럼 보인다고 합니다. (관련 내용 Link). 이는 IB 디플로마 학생들이 정보를 분석, ​종합​ 및 평가하는 능력이 더 뛰어나다는 것을 의미합니다.

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Bloom's Taxonomy and HOTS

Bloom's taxonomy is taught in a majority of teacher-education programs in the United States. As such, it may be among the most well-known educational theories among teachers nationally. As the Curriculum & Leadership Journal notes:
"While Bloom’s Taxonomy is not the only framework for teaching thinking, it is the most widely used, and subsequent frameworks tend to be closely linked to Bloom’s work.... Bloom’s aim was to promote higher forms of thinking in education, such as analyzing and evaluating, rather than just teaching students to remember facts (rote learning)."

Bloom’s taxonomy was designed with six levels to promote higher-order thinking. The six levels were: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. (The taxonomy's levels were later revised as remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, revising, and creating.) The lower-order thinking skills (LOTS) involve memorization, while higher-order thinking requires understanding and applying that knowledge.

The top three levels of Bloom's taxonomy—which is often displayed as a pyramid, with ascending levels of thinking at the top of the structure—are analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. These levels of the taxonomy all involve critical or higher-order thinking. Students who are able to think are those who can apply the knowledge and skills they have learned to new contexts. Looking at each level demonstrates how higher-order thinking is applied in education

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김하원/ The  benefits of collaborate working

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김하원/ The  benefits of collaborate working

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https://vertocloud.co.uk/benefits-of-collaborative-working/

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In today's world of modern working, the benefits of collaborative working cannot be understated. As the world of work adapts and pivots to changing environments, one of a manager's strongest tools is promoting collaboration within their team.

In this article, we're going to go over some of the chief benefits that collaborative working gives to projects.

Collaborative Working Explained

Collaboration takes place when two or more people work together to achieve a shared goal. Ever since the 2020 pandemic, technology has evolved significantly to allow digital teams to collaborate easier than ever before.

Video calls, collaboration platforms, and cloud sharing now allow teams to collaborate from anywhere and have become the norm in many industries.

Successfully implementing collaborative working in your organisation takes time, effort, and knowledge of what actually makes it work. Every organisation will have different areas where collaboration would be beneficial, so the first step is determining how it would work for your organisation.

Collaborative working is most effective when the varied strengths of individuals are utilised in tandem with each other.

For example, one team member may be more introverted, and data-driven, whereas another is extroverted, and focused on the big picture. As a manager, it falls to you to determine how these qualities can complement each other.

10 Benefits of Collaborative Working

Here are 10 key benefits you can get from improved collaboration.

1) More creativity and innovation

One of the first things that come to mind when we think of collaborative working is how projects almost always benefit from multiple perspectives. The phrase two heads are better than one really rings true here.

Two people may have completely differing views on what is required for a particular task. These differing views and personalities create a dynamic working environment and help to foster fresh ideas and innovative insights.

Whether you bring together individuals with complementary or contrasting skill sets, innovative ideas and viewpoints can always be seeded. With the correct managerial guidance, collaborative working can help solve problems and complete tasks in more efficient and effective ways.

2) Teams help each other improve

When you bring together a group of people who specialise in different areas, you are likely to see one of two outcomes. The first outcome is that your teams end up working in silos , not being overly communicative.

This is not the outcome you want, as you'll be missing out on one of the fundamental benefits of collaborative working.

If a team is nicely oiled and working well together, you will find that skill sets begin to blend. If you encourage your team members to collaborate with each other - especially on tasks that may be out of some people's comfort zone - you will start to see your workers pick up on each other's abilities.

This helps foster a culture of skill development, and your team will be better integrated with each other as a result.

Your workers may even end up working on each others' tasks, which continues the cycle of collaboration, and all the good things that come with it.

3) Teamwork breeds engagement and productivity

When a team really begins to work well together, they will undoubtedly develop a sense of camaraderie. No matter how different they are as people, the shared goal will unite a well-curated team and foster an affinity.

If your team bonds in this way, you will likely find they become more engaged with their work, thanks to the goals they share.

This heightened level of engagement helps create an increase in productivity. As team members gain headway with their work, they find themselves encouraged by both their colleagues and the environment they create.

The combination of all this will increase the productivity of both individual members and the team as a whole. If you can nail your team engagement strategy, the rest will take care of itself.

4) Teams become more agile and flexible

The ability of project teams to adapt to changing environments is essential for modern business success. Regardless of your sector, every industry is being shaken up in some way at the moment, so this skill has never been more important.

When teams collaborate efficiently, this ability is maximised. Some may think that a team is harder to steer in changing environments, but when a team is tight-knit and well-integrated with its workload, the opposite is true.

Faced with a major change in circumstance, a well-oiled team can put all hands to the deck to help the project change course where necessary. With each team member focused on their own aspect of the project, team leaders can focus on steering the ship away from the rocks.

This style of agile project management comes as a by-product of healthy collaboration and should be kept in mind when deciding whether or not to increase the amount of collaboration within your project.

5) Better workplace mental health

Perhaps one of the most important benefits of collaborative work is the effect it has on the mental health of those involved. Developing a good rapport with their colleagues helps members to feel valued as part of a team, which offers plenty of mental health benefits.

This feeling of value helps a worker feel more confident in their own work, and more likely to ask for help where they need it.

A valued team member will also find themselves more engaged with their work, and more productive than they might have been without this feeling. In today's day and age, the mental health of your employees should be a cornerstone of how you manage them.

But this does not require you to babysit them, but quite the opposite. Introduce collaboration into your teams, instil in each of them a sense of value, and watch your productivity skyrocket.

6) Collaboration is attractive to top talent

Because of all the reasons we have discussed so far, a collaborative business is more attractive to top talent. The best individuals in your field understand that collaboration in the workplace offers many benefits and opportunities.

This means that organisations that embrace collaboration are more attractive to work for than businesses that ignore it.

Research shows that those startup companies that receive the most attention (both media-wise and recruitment-wise) are the ones that embrace collaboration.

There is a reason that all these quirky companies in renovated warehouses have open-plan offices: they know how beneficial collaborative environments are. Take a leaf from their book, and show off your collaborative working environments when hiring.

7) Project delivery accelerates

While we've talked about how one of the benefits of collaborative working is individual productivity, it applies to the team too. If your team members are individually working more productively, the team as a whole will be too, amplified by the collective atmosphere and rapport they develop.

With the whole team helping and learning from each other with constant back and forth, you'll find that the atmosphere they create breeds productivity.

Have you ever heard the expression the whole is greater than the sum of its parts ? Well, this applies heavily when it comes to collaborative working. Two individuals working separately are not as fast as two people working together, this we know.

But also, two people working together will be working at a higher quality than they would apart. This is because of how they learn from each other and encourage each other to do better. A slight hint of healthy competition doesn't go misplaced here either.

8) Improved staff retention

When an employee develops a bond with their colleagues and the business they work for, they are less inclined to want to leave. If you have helped to develop an employee through collaborative working, you don't want them to leave either.

You've helped give them the skills they need to become a major asset to your business, so losing them would be a blow. Surprisingly, this also applies to developing a rapport with management.

More so than with personal relationships, workers are more likely to stay with a company if they feel valued by management. These feelings can be instilled in your workers with the help of collaborative working.

When a team member is valued by both their team and their manager, this sense of personal confidence is multiplied. It would take a damn good offer for a worker to want to leave a business where they feel truly valued.

9) More effective stakeholder communication

When a team puts their heads together and really gains an understanding of a project, communication with stakeholders is made much simpler. As a project manager, it is your responsibility to report progress and risks to stakeholders.

With individual team members in charge of separate aspects of the project, they will be able to provide you with more insight that you could perhaps provide on your own.

With a crack team of specialists, you will be able to provide more detailed insight to your stakeholders and refer them to your team if they require more information.

If detailed task-specific terminology is required in stakeholder reporting, a quick chat with the relevant team members will ensure you can explain it all in layman's terms. This avoids baffling the stakeholders with jargon they don't understand and helps to relay information in a more concise way.

10) A better bottom line

All of the things we've discussed today are essential to business success. From increased productivity and skill development to mental health and employee retention. But what do all these benefits add up to? More success for your business.

If your employees are working harder, are more engaged, learn from each other and feel valued, you have a winning combination for business success.

Don't take collaborative working for granted. Utilise its benefits, and watch your business improve.

How to Implement Collaboration in your Organisation

Building a culture of collaboration in your organisation is easier than you might think. Generally speaking, people want to work together, so all you need to do is enable them. Here are a few tips to help you:

Remove any barriers to communication between colleagues or departments

Give your teams more autonomy to find ways of working that work best for them

Enable collaboration by focusing your project strategies on working together

Lead by example, be the first to offer collaborative help to your teams

Utilise tools that help collaborative organisations work more effectively

Connect with your teams on a human level, and encourage it among themselves

Hold more face-to-face and real-life meetings, and don't rely on IM or video calls

Read our guide on ideas for collaboration strategies for more insight on this!

Do you need cloud-based collaboration tools?

Verto 365's cloud-based project management system allows teams to work collaboratively in real time, wherever they are.

Thanks to a range of tools like document sharing, instant messaging, and streamlined workflow diagrams, project managers can effortlessly implement collaborative working into their teams.

Verto 365 is designed to seamlessly integrate into Microsoft Teams , bringing a whole range of collaboration tools into the Teams interface.

We are trusted by hundreds of organisations around the UK from healthcare bodies, local government agencies, and private sector organisations. Browse our site for more information, or send us an email for more information.

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In today's world of modern working, the benefits of collaborative working cannot be understated. As the world of work adapts and pivots to changing environments, one of a manager's strongest tools is promoting collaboration within their team. In this article, we're going to go over some of the chief benefits that collaborative working gives to projects.

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사고력 개발은 모든 IB 프로그램에 영향을 미친다. DP는 학생들이 사고력을 개발 할 수 있는 기회를 제공한다. TOK도 DP에서 역할을 지닌다. 사고력은 범위는 호기심, 유연성 등과 같은 관련 행동을 강조한다.

reflection

사고 능력 중 하나로 글쓰기나 창작 oral활동 등 성찰을 통해 깊은 생각을 할 수 있도록 돕는다.

higher order thinking

학생들이 암기 중심의 사고에서 벗어나서 고차원적인 생각을 할 수 있는 사고를 할 수 있는 것을 목표로 한다. teaching idea, 최대한 학생들에게 고차원적인 사고를 요구하는 질문을 던진다. 학생들에게 질문에 대한 대답을 할 시간을 준다.