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Knighton, Andrew. “Bravery: The Amazing French Resistance and D-Day Including 21 Images.” WAR HISTORY ONLINE, 11 May 2018, https://www.warhistoryonline.com/worl

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We see a french resistance fighter holding a gun alongside a kid beside her in this picture. This picture perfectly captures the situation Samira is currently in. The woman holding a gun is her mother, while the kid at the side of the photo is her. Even though Samira's mother does not possess a firearm, she has a role far more critical that can do far more damage to the Nazis, having the potential to change to course of the battle. During this period, the French resistance fighters included not only men but women and children as they were less likely to be suspected as resistance fighters. Despite the woman wearing clothes not suited for fighting, she still holds a gun. This shows how desperate and determined the citizens were as citizens who people thought were the most unlikely to join the war efforts helped the force even though it meant they were likely to die. I admire the french resistance fighters like Samira and her mother a lot. Even though they could have just waited for the allied fighters to free them, they risk their lives to save many others in the future. Samira and her mother show this quality approaching the end of the book. Even though their mission was to send a hidden message to another group of resistance fighters, they prioritized rescuing a woman's life over the task and putting it at risk.

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“The Higgins Boat: America's First Amphibious Warfare Strategy.” The History Reader, 26 Sept. 2016, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/military-history/higgins-bo

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In the book's first chapter, the author introduces the reader to the two main characters, Sid Jacobstein and Dee Carpenter, who jumped from a transport ship upon the motorboat. Dee is a 16-year-old soldier from Philadelphia, while Sid is Jewish. Jewish discrimination was prevalent in the army back then as another soldier constantly made fun of Sid as a Jewish. The unit prepares to storm Omaha Beach in Normandy to defeat the Germans, and Sid can finally get his revenge. Little did he know that Dee was German and Dietrich Zimmermann's real name. I believe this picture best suits the chapter as the chapter mostly takes place in a motorboat after Dee jumps off the transport ship as Sid helps him up on the Higgins boat as they gradually approach the island. The army often used the Higgins boat to land people onshore during WW2 as bigger boats were too big and weren't versatile. Motorboats are also harder to spot and shoot down, given their size.

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“Cross of Lorraine.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 30 May 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_of_Lorraine. 

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As you can see here, a woman is wearing a necklace with what appears to look like a cross. The bullseye with the french flag colors on her hat clearly shows that she is french. That cross is the Cross Of Lorraine which is also the title of this chapter. The Cross of Lorraine perfectly encapsulates the essence of this chapter as it demonstrates freedom to France. The background of the piece of art and the white clothing of the girl also look peaceful, further showing the nature and influence of the cross. In the book, Samira represents the woman getting freed from the Nazis by the Maquis in the picture. The necklace the woman in the picture is wearing represents a symbol of freedom to Samira. This picture was propaganda advocating the return of a historical region, Alsace Lorraine, to France.

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The Cross of Lorraine (French: Croix de Lorraine), known as Cross of Anjou in the 16th century, is a heraldic two-barred cross, consisting of a vertical line crossed by two shorter horizontal bars. In most renditions, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are also seen. The Lorraine name has come to signify several cross variations, including the patriarchal cross with its bars near the top.

The Cross of Lorraine consists of one vertical and two horizontal bars. In most renditions, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are also seen.

The Cross of Lorraine came from the Kingdom of Hungary to the Duchy of Lorraine. In Hungary, Béla III was the first monarch to use the two-barred cross as the symbol of royal power in the late 12th century. He probably adopted it from the Byzantine Empire, according to historian Pál Engel. The cross is a variant of the Latin cross on which Christ was crucified. The wider lower arm is the crosspiece of the cross itself. The narrower upper arm is the Latin inscription INRI (Latin: Iēsus Nazarēnus, Rēx Iūdaeōrum; English, "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews"), which in John 19:19, was fastened to the cross.

René II, Duke of Lorraine inherited the two-barred cross as a symbol from his distant ancestors from the House of Anjou of Hungary., which had inherited it as kings of Hungary from the country's first ruling dynasty, the Árpáds. René's grandfather, René the Good, who used it as his personal sigil, laid claim to four kingdoms, including Hungary. The cross was still known as the "Cross of Anjou" in the 16th century. René II placed the symbol on his flag before the Battle of Nancy in January 1477. In the battle, René defeated the army of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, who had occupied the Duchy of Lorraine, and regained his duchy. All coins struck for René bore the symbol thereafter.

The Cross of Lorraine is an emblem of Lorraine in eastern France. Between 1871 and 1918 (and again between 1940 and 1944), the north-eastern quarter of Lorraine (the Moselle department) was annexed to Germany, along with Alsace. During that period the Cross served as a rallying point for French ambitions to recover its lost provinces. This historical significance lent it considerable weight as a symbol of French patriotism. During World War II, Capitaine de corvette Thierry d'Argenlieu suggested the Cross of Lorraine as the symbol of the Free French Forces led by Charles de Gaulle as an answer to the Nazi swastika.

In France, the Cross of Lorraine was the symbol of Free France during World War II, the liberation of France from Nazi Germany and Vichy France along with the allies the United Kingdom and the United States, and Gaullism and includes several variations of a two-barred cross.

The Cross was displayed on the flags of Free French warships, and the fuselages of Free French aircraft. The medal of the Order of Liberation bears the Cross of Lorraine.

De Gaulle himself is memorialised by a 43-metre (141 ft) high Cross of Lorraine in his home village of Colombey-les-Deux-Églises. The Cross of Lorraine was later adopted by Gaullist political groups such as the Rally for the Republic.

French Jesuit missionaries and settlers to the New World carried the Cross of Lorraine c. 1750-1810. The symbol was said to have helped the missionaries to convert the native peoples they encountered, because the two-armed cross resembled existing local imagery.

The coat of arms of Hungary depicts a double cross, which is often attributed to Byzantine influence as King Béla III of Hungary was raised in the Byzantine Empire in the 12th century, and it was during his rule when the double cross became a symbol of Hungary. Also the 'dual cross' is the consonant 'gy' in ancient Hungarian runic writing which reads "egy" (one) when it stands alone mostly, if not always, with "God" meaning.

A golden double cross with equal bars, known as the Cross of Jagiellons, was used by Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland Jogaila since his conversion to Christianity in 1386, as a personal insignia and was introduced in the coat of arms of Lithuania. Initially, the lower bar of the cross was longer than the upper, since it originates from the Hungarian type of the double cross. It later became the symbol of Jagiellonian dynasty and is one of the national symbols of Lithuania, featured in the Order of the Cross of Vytis and the badge of the Lithuanian Air Force.

The double-barred cross is one of the national symbols in Belarus, both as the Jagiellon Cross and as the Cross of St. Euphrosyne of Polatsk, an important religious artifact. The symbol is supposed to have Byzantine roots and is used by the Belarusian Greek Catholic Church as a symbol uniting Eastern-Byzantine and Western-Latin church traditions. The Belarusian Cross can be found on the traditional coat of arms of Belarus, the Pahonia.

Silver double cross, on a mountain with three peaks, forms the coat of arms of the Slovak Republic. It is considered national symbol of Slovaks, and its history in present territory can be traced back to Great Moravia in 9th century.

The "Cross of Lorraine" symbol appears in Unicode as ☨ CROSS OF LORRAINE. It is not to be confused with ‡ DOUBLE DAGGER (&Dagger;, &ddagger;).

The cross of Lorraine was previously used in the Sabre, Apollo, and Worldspan global distribution systems (GDS) as a delimiter in various input formats, however, the latest version of the graphical user interface for each system uses a different symbol: Apollo displays it as a plus sign, Worldspan as a number sign, and Sabre as a yen symbol.

For its defense of France in World War I, the American 79th Infantry Division was nicknamed the "Cross of Lorraine" Division; its insignia is the cross. The German 79th Infantry Division of World War II used the cross of Lorraine as its insignia because its first attack was in the Lorraine region. The insignia was redesignated effective December 1, 2009, for the 79th US Army Reserve Sustainment Support Command in Los Alamitos, California.

The cross is used as an emblem by the American Lung Association and related organizations through the world, and as such is familiar from their Christmas seals program. Its use was suggested in 1902 by Paris physician Gilbert Sersiron as a symbol for the "crusade" against tuberculosis.

The cross was used in the TV show as the emblem on the ring worn by the members of Magnum's Vietnam War team who were the co-stars on the show. It was prominent in the 1st season's title sequence/intro.

The Scottish indie rock band Frightened Rabbit have used it as a symbol, notably on some merchandise and their album The Winter of Mixed Drinks, before switching to a three-barred papal cross for their EP State Hospital and their consecutive album Pedestrian Verse.

It is a standard pattern for horse racing colours in the UK.

American rock musician Marilyn Manson released several "cryptic" videos that featured the Cross of Lorraine. The videos were posted to Manson's Instagram account in a series of five posts beginning on February 11, 2017.

In the 1943 film Casablanca, a character named Berger, approaches Victor Lazlo ( Paul Henreid), ostensibly to get him to buy a ring. He then flips open the hinged top, which shows the Cross of Lorraine, which was the emblem of the Free French, alerting Lazlo that Berger is his covert contact.

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The Cross of Lorraine (French: Croix de Lorraine), known as Cross of Anjou in the 16th century, is a heraldic two-barred cross, consisting of a vertical line crossed by two shorter horizontal bars. In most renditions, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are also seen.

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I believe this picture best fits the theme of the chapter as this is the primary setting of the chapter. It also shows the state of the areas the Axis invaded where everything had already been destroyed, leaving nothing but broken wooden planks with some metal scraps and crushed bricks. The Maquis plan to assassinate an old man but realize he is not a part of the Boches. At first, they were skeptical of him, so they made Samira and another member secretly stay and watch him. The broken-down little hut in the picture looked like El Compiegne's place. They plan to bomb the rails to cut off the supply of the Nazi artillery to slow the German attack down, so the soldiers over at the Normandy beach have a bigger chance of winning the battle.

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In this chapter, the Maquis and the de Compiegne signal the train coming, carrying all the Nazi artillery and tanks. This picture is an accurate representation of the development of the chapter. We see a man trying to derail train tracks and destroy all the communication and voltage lines in the picture, which was the Maquis' mission. Even though the image does not show the panic between Jason and the incoming train, it shows the level of focus Jason executed to derail the train. The fact that Jason can stay calm and be prepared to risk his life is shown in the picture, as the man does not seem phased by what is happening around him.

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This picture shows the readers the devastating amounts of damage made during the operation. "The engine slipped off the tracks to the right, and then the two-hundred-tonne behemoth went charging down the embankment toward the river...The engine smashed into the riverbed with a thundering KROOM...It was like the world was coming to an end."(p.68) Just because one train got derailed, it created a lot of damage. It destroyed everything around it, possibly killing people if they got hit. If that small operation had led to such a disaster, I could not believe how much damage the war had done. The picture also displays sadness and fear. Sadness is especially shown in Jason's death as he was derailing to train tracks. Even though that was the case, the Maquis still had to endure it and move on with their mission.

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At the start of this arc, we see a Canadian Paratrooper, Lance Corporal James McKay, questioning his presence amidst the madness of D'day and blaming it on the Canadian army propaganda. This was because he lived in Canada and was nowhere near being affected. Despite that, he still joined the war. At the start of this arc, he was an average person in every aspect, did not stand out, and was a victim of bullying. I believe this picture best represents this chapter as this might have been one of the pieces of propaganda that made his decision during that time. In this picture, you can see it implies how every Canadian is fit to join the war. This is because people know that everyone obviously can wear all the hats, hence joining the army. The nine hats represent the different positions people can apply to in the military. The background color also further adds another layer of the country and patriotism.

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“Games and Mods Development for Windows, Linux and Mac.” Mod DB, https://www.moddb.com/. 

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The second chapter of this arc introduced and showed a lot of sarcasm and satire about how there is a day called If Day in his town where the whole district acts as if Germany had conquered Canada, taking control of everything and randomly en jailing people. I believe this picture best shows the theme of this chapter as it contains a lot of sarcasm and satire similar to If Day as it is the whole meaning and purpose of the celebration. This photo shows how this group of soldiers is enjoying WW2. This is what happensed during If Day, as both sides are having fun and enjoying their time. The message the photo wants to send off is how the exact opposite is happening in the war, as many people die gruesome deaths.

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Flanagan, Linda. “How to Develop a School Culture That Helps Curb Bullying.” KQED, 7 Apr. 2016, https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/44628/how-to-develop-a-school-cul

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This picture of multiple hands forming a tree best encapsulates the chapter. As James was on the plane, he thought about how he was bullied by a group of people who swore to "kill" him if he saw James on If Day. Despite them being violent, other classmates of James stood up for him and stopped the bullies. This made Jame feel a great sense of achievement and learned how people are stronger together, as said in the chapter title. The picture implies how people are stronger together by assembling a giant, strong-looking tree with several hands accompanied by light rays. The picture tells you that one person is not nearly as strong as a group of people, like how one hand is not enough to form a tree. This mindset can help James in future battles as he will know that a team is always stronger than himself. After the backstory, James was put back to reality when the dispatcher told them to jump and join the D'day battle.

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"Restorative practices don't get rid of discipline," Quintana added. Rather, they supplement other discipline, so that kids who are suspended, for example, learn what they did wrong and why it matters. "It's the restorative practices that will prepare kids for the world beyond high school," she said.

Treating bullying as a hurtful act that violates shared values, rather than as a character defect, encourages kids to understand why their behavior was wrong, and to apologize and make amends, according to James Dillon, a retired school principal and author of Reframing Bullying Prevention to Build Stronger School Communities.

"Bullying shouldn't ever be acceptable, and students should be held accountable-but also learn how and why what they did is wrong, and not just suffer the pain of consequences," Dillon says.

This restorative justice model, where kids are coaxed to accept responsibility, figure out ways to remedy the harm and restore the damaged relationship, helps them learn from their actions and internalize a moral code.

"Punishment makes things worse," said danah boyd, author of It's Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens. "Schools have to start from a place of empathy. Why is a student doing something harmful to other students?" she added. Zero-tolerance policies toward student misbehavior have been shown to have the opposite effect of what was intended by their adoption: A task force set up by the American Psychological Association to study the issue found that zero-tolerance policies in schools worsened school climates, provoked more student misbehavior and led to higher expulsion and suspension rates for minorities. And no-questions-asked penalties against kids who mistreat their peers stunts the growth of personal conscience; the punished child will instead fixate on his "unfair" penalty rather than the harm he committed.

And when it comes to social media, ugly exchanges among kids can feel like a scourge to school administrators. But the customary ways schools have responded, including some variation of assemblies, lectures, and disciplinary action, seem to have had little effect.

"The current rules and punishment-based approach that schools are using is not working to address the concerns of bullying in school," says Nancy Willard, director of Embrace Civility in the Digital Age. "And it certainly will not be effective in addressing hurtful acts via social media, because schools are not making the rules for social media."

What can schools do to reduce bullying among students on school grounds and online?

Drawing from social science research and experience in schools, some experts on bullying, learning and social media have fresh ways of thinking about and responding to the problem.

Build the right culture. "It is easier to think that the problem is because of character flaws in a few students or to blame parents for not doing a better job of raising their kids," says Dillon.

In fact, to reduce aggression among kids, school leaders need to start with the climate within the building. Schools with an authoritarian and hierarchical ethos teach kids that obeying rules as decreed by the grown-ups in power is what counts; this only exacerbates jockeying for status among the students, which inspires bullying. A better approach would have school officials and teachers talk with students about what matters and then rally around the collective values and beliefs on which they agree. When adults try to influence rather than control kids, the grown-ups are more likely to be heard. "Real accountability should be toward those commonly held and articulated values of the school community," Dillon said.

Encourage influential kids to take the lead in changing the culture. In an ambitious yearlong study of 24,191 middle school students during 2012 and 2013, social scientists Betsy Levy Paluck, Hana Shepherd and Peter Aronow found that kids with abundant social connections were effective in changing school norms. Anti-bullying messages created and propagated by these influential students reduced conflict in school by a statistically significant margin. Notably, the student body, rather than the teachers, identified the well-connected kids.

Introduce social and emotional learning for students and teachers. "What's been missing from school is the affective dimension of learning," says Janice Toben, who heads up the Institute for Social and Emotional Learning in Menlo Park, California. For 27 years, Toben taught elementary and middle school children how to self-regulate and handle conflict, and now educates teachers on best practices for social and emotional learning.

"We challenge teachers to engage in the social and emotional dynamic of their students, because learning is social and emotional," she said.

Schools could make space for more face-to-face interactions among students, and encourage all teachers to ask reflective questions and focus on students' personal or social insights. Sharing responses like these builds empathy and develops emotional skills in children; they learn how to construct an emotional vocabulary, communicate honestly and directly, and resist online retaliation.

One method she designed is called "Open Session," where adolescents share their worries and challenges with one another; in return, they receive support and real-life wisdom from their peers, and clarify for themselves the real source of worry. Regular meetings like this, along with mindfulness practices and even improvisation, can give kids the tools to understand themselves better, react less impulsively, and show more compassion for others. Teachers, too, need social and emotional support, Toben adds, and would benefit from Open Sessions with their colleagues. What's essential to making this kind of learning work? "Time," Toben said.

Work with the majority of kids who don't bully and don't approve of it. Fellow students are well-situated to deflate a bully's barbs, but few kids intervene when they see abusive behavior directed at their peers. Student witnesses to bullying are more likely to stand up for peers in schools with caring and inclusive climates because bullying violates school norms. But how can school leaders get those kids to step up? First, don't alienate them with language that seems to blame them for a behavior - bullying -t hat they didn't commit. Instead, tell them how important they are in building a stronger school; they are leaders and allies in constructing a better school environment, and should be told so repeatedly. "The most important belief driving positive change and reframing bullying prevention," Dillon writes, "is that students are the solution to the problem not the cause of it."

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How to Develop a School Culture That Helps Curb Bullying

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"Restorative practices don't get rid of discipline," Quintana added. Rather, they supplement other discipline, so that kids who are suspended, for example, learn what they did wrong and why it matters. "It's the restorative practices that will prepare kids for the world beyond high school," she said.

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NARA & DVIDS Public Domain Archive. “82nd Airborne Division Paratroopers Prepare to Jump from an Aircraft While Participating in the Re-Enactmemt of an Air 

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James checks for all the weapons and resources he will need for the battle, jumping into "Nothingness" in this chapter. I think this best represents the chapter. The soldiers get ready and prepare to jump out of the open door, similar to that situation. The door was just as James described, "nothingness." All you can see from the plane, all there was outside the door was fog and clouds. From the soldiers' postures, you can see the fear and nervousness, staring panicking out of the plane while they all hold their guns tight. The person about to jump grips the handle tightly as he is scared to enter the fog then is greeted by rivers of blood and violence. This was also what James was thinking before entering the battlefield, regretting his decision to join the war, making it up to this point. Like the soldiers in the picture, he shows regret, fear, loneliness, sadness, and panic filling his heart.

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NARA & DVIDS Public Domain Archive

The objects in this collection are from The U.S. National Archives and Defense Visual Information Distribution Service. The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) was established in 1934 by President Franklin Roosevelt. NARA keeps those Federal records that are judged to have continuing value—about 2 to 5 percent of those generated in any given year. There are approximately 10 billion pages of textual records; 12 million maps, charts, and architectural and engineering drawings; 25 million still photographs and graphics; 24 million aerial photographs; 300,000 reels of motion picture film; 400,000 video and sound recordings; and 133 terabytes of electronic data. The Defense Visual Information Distribution Service provides a connection between world media and the American military personnel serving at home and abroad. All of these materials are preserved because they are important to the workings of Government, have long-term research worth, or provide information of value to citizens.

Disclaimer: A work of the U.S. National Archives and DVIDS is "a work prepared by an officer or employee" of the federal government "as part of that person's official duties." In general, under section 105 of the Copyright Act, such works are not entitled to domestic copyright protection under U.S. law and are therefore in the public domain. This website is developed as a part of the world's largest public domain archive, PICRYL.com, and not developed or endorsed by the U.S. National Archives or DVIDS.  https://www.picryl.com

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82nd Airborne Division paratroopers prepare to jump from an aircraft while participating in the re-enactmemt of an air drop into Sainte-Mere-Eglise on the 40th anniversary of D-day, the invasion of Europe - NARA & DVIDS Public Domain Archive Public Domain Search

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Download Image of 82nd Airborne Division paratroopers prepare to jump from an aircraft while participating in the re-enactmemt of an air drop into Sainte-Mere-Eglise on the 40th anniversary of D-day, the invasion of Europe. Free for commercial use, no attribution required. The original finding aid described this photograph as: Country: France (FRA) Scene Camera Operator: SPC 4 Jon E.

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In this chapter, after his parachute gets activated upon jumping out of the plane, he feels a violent tug and ducks in fear of a bullet hitting him; later, his heavy gear falls from the parachute after getting shot and is dangling from his ankles. James' ankles were about to fall off after a hundred-twenty-pound load on them, but fortunately, he took it off at the cost of his heavy weapons and the Gammon bomb. After that, his parachute gets shot a few more times, causing him to free-fall onto the ground from high up. This picture is a significant part of the chapter as this is an accurate comparison and representation of the amount of load James was carrying during the fall. After looking at it, I can understand how hard it is to drop high up with that much weight on you, how hard to tug must have felt upon the activation of the parachute, and how painful it was to have all of his gear hanging on only one of his ankles.

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A Most Irrevocable Step: Canadian Paratroopers on D ... - Scholars Commons. https://scholars.wlu.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1709&context=cmh. 

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After the hard landing, James wakes up to see sharp wooden objects sticking out of the ground called Rommel's asparagus as they look like asparagus. He also saw a "lake" at first glance, but it was actually the dead and injured soldiers' blood, pooled together, enough of an amount to make it look like a river. After reading this chapter, I am shocked after thinking how much blood it took for it to make it look like a lake. This picture gives us a better understanding of how terrifying the battleground was. Wet Landing, illustrated by Ted Zuber, was probably depicted after a bloody battle as blood flooded the fields, with some dead bodies lying around while the little soldiers left that were still alive searched the area. Many of the dead soldiers were probably engulfed by the red stenchy liquid. I can imagine countless soldiers fighting while many screamed in fear and pain, falling to the ground, transforming it into a nightmare before the scene in the picture happened. There is a heavy dark tone in the remaining soldiers' eyes. It shows us how scarred, lonely, and afraid they were; most of the people they had just seen alive, talking to them maybe even minutes ago, lay dead on the ground, just a lifeless body left. I am sure James felt similar to the Soldiers in the picture upon landing on the Island.

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“Reliable and Lighting-Fast Website Hosting Service.” Webflow, https://webflow.com/hosting. 

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During this chapter, James and Sam go to a farmhouse and ask for directions to where they were supposed to land, Sam speaks french with them, and it turns out that their grandfather was the train station manager where they bombed the tracks. I chose this picture for the chapter as this was where James and Sam were when questioning the family. The photo gives us more context about the houses in ww2 and how the french had to live. The family was most likely in fear when James and Sam knocked on their door. The nazis could have come anytime and killed them, making them hide in their houses all the time for their lives.

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A Most Irrevocable Step: Canadian Paratroopers on D ... - Scholars Commons. https://scholars.wlu.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1709&context=cmh. 

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This picture best suits the chapter as it represents how lost the paratroopers James and Sam were upon realizing they were lost in the forests, in the middle of nowhere. As you can see in the photo, a Canadian soldier is behind a barbed-wire fence. He looks at the ground, one hand on the wire as he walks without a gun or anything in his hand. From what I can tell, he seems lost and is just trying to find himself some help and where he is supposed to be. The soldier in the photo also prioritizes being back on track, being completely off-guard of German enemies. Relating to the chapter title, James, Sam, and the soldier in the picture try to have "A Change Of Plans."

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A Most Irrevocable Step: Canadian Paratroopers on D ... - Scholars Commons. https://scholars.wlu.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1709&context=cmh. 

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I believe this picture best captures the essence of the chapter. In this chapter, the company James and Sam were in had to battle against a German company twice the size of their company. Despite that, they still managed to make them raise the white flag with James' creative mortar strategy where he aimed it right at the German bunker and destroyed it. Unlike some other scenes in the book, the battle in Varaville was an actual event that happened during D'day. The picture shows the German soldiers surrendering on the left side while disarmed on the right. Like the book, Canadian troops were fighting in the same battle in Varaville. "Throughout the next few hours, the ongoing battle at the Varaville Château and the surrounding area attracted small groups of paratroopers who had been dropped off course." James, Sam, and some other members of the army were a part of the large group of people who had landed miles away from where they were supposed to be, hence joining this battle, assisting the already undermanned company to victory. After the success of his brilliant idea, James finally felt special and had a sense of achievement.

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In this chapter, James and Sam joined Major MacLeod to fight against a German unit after having no other choice as they couldn't travel to their directed destination in time. The Allied company used a broken-down wooden house as cover where bullets were piercing through the thin wooden walls. On the flip side, the German unit had a thick bunker, unfazed by the wave of shots coming at them. This is a photo of a German bunker during ww2. As you can see, It lays low on the ground, making it impossible for the Allied troops in the book to shoot true to narrow sifts of the bunker, unlike the big, open windows in the house the Allied forces were at. This was because they were shooting from high up, thus, making them only able to shoot at the top of the bunker. I chose this photo to give context to the reader as I wanted to show them how strong, sturdy and unbreakable to bunker was and how hard it was for James and Sam to win the fight.

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“Tree Felling Work Uncovers WW2 Underground Bunker near Moffat.” BBC News, BBC, 9 Mar. 2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-51800809. 

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After successfully taking down the Nazis and taking control of the yard, James and Sam enter their bunker to check for any people and resources. To their surprise, James and Same found a French family hiding there, being the slaves of the Nazis. The family stares up in fear, but upon realizing they have come to rescue them, the family shows their deepest gratitude to the Unit by getting an expensive bottle of wine, which the Nazis would have taken if they had seen it. The family said that the wine was reserved for a special moment, which was the moment they were waiting for. After that, James and Sam decide to share it with the family and other allied soldiers. This picture represents the Nazis' lifestyle in the bunker. Although not significant, they still have necessities like food, a fire source, and beds. Unlike the Nazi soldiers, the french family had to live in poorer conditions which were probably located behind the dark door if it was in this picture, away from the Nazis, as the Nazis enjoyed their time, forced to feed and assist the Nazis while they hid and fought. One exciting thing you can notice about the picture is how the three triangular-shaped lines tell you that the soldier is a sergeant who was prevalent in the company of Nazis.

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Shalev, Asaf, et al. The Times of Israel, https://www.timesofisrael.com/. 

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In the chapter, Samira attempts to run away from the armed Nazis as they chase her in the dense forest. In the picture, the four soldiers look like the Nazis chasing Samira in the book, all heading in a direction in unison hurriedly, as if they are chasing somebody. This is the exact situation in the book as a group of nazi soldiers also chase her.

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While trying to find the Maquis in the forest, Samira runs into two Nazis. The Nazis question her as she was not supposed to be outside at that time, Samira comes up with a plan to escape the Nazis by telling them how her dog is gone, and she was trying to chase it, at last, getting away. The picture shows a kid chasing a dog while waiting for its owner. This situation is similar to the chapter's plot a Samira was chasing the dog. The chapter also took place in the forest, similar to the picture.

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“Pin on French Resistance, General WW2 Resistance.” Pinterest, 3 Dec. 2017, https://www.pinterest.com/pin/295830269266167188/?mt=login. 

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In this chapter, Samira still joined the Maquis in efforts to help save other people, slow down the pace of the German forces, and help the allied force succeed in invading Normandy. In this picture, you see a man helping a little girl by loading a shotgun with another man looking like he was ridiculing them. Two other men look out into the distance, most likely staying alert for enemies, not looking as if they were for the girl. Even though the Maquis let Samira tag along with them, they were not at all agreed at first as she might be a burden to the group, creating a higher chance of failing and getting captured and killed by Nazis because she was a girl was little. The picture and chapter both convey how the Maquis and the soldiers were ruthless and caring at the same time. Despite being unforgiving and challenging for her to keep the burden minimal in the group, they still care for her and protect her.

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“Medical Information and Health Advice You Can Trust.” Healthline, Healthline Media, https://www.healthline.com/. 

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This is a picture of a stressed, lonely, and sad girl looking afar into the distance as if she was about to cry. I believe this relates to Samira at that moment. In the chapter, Samira meets the Maquis but is shocked as she receives saddening news about how they cannot save her mother. This was because the Nazi forces over where her mother was taken to by the Nazis were a lot bigger than their current Maquis group. To continue, Samira must let go of her mother or order to advance towards the mission in any way.

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Cowell, Alan. “D-Day in Photos: Heroes of a More Certain Time.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 6 June 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/06/world/eu

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Dee, Sid, and the other soldiers just got off the boat in this chapter. The soldiers realized they were farther than they were supposed to be, and because of that, they had to swim to get onshore. Many people get shot by German artillery during this chapter when they have barely even started fighting. This photo shows when Dee rigorously swims toward the shoreline while dragging Sergeant Taylor with him after getting injured as he could not see any medics. This photo gives the viewer a panicked, scared atmosphere as the picture was not taken clearly, showing how the soldiers were uncalm and were in a rush, hence not having enough time to focus the camera. Fear is also demonstrated based off the expression the soldier's expression (in this case would be Dee). He looked tired as he was carrying hundreds of pounds of weight while rushing onshore at a hurried pace avoiding the chance of getting killed. Even if he was tired, Dee couldn't give up as he would die if he did. This was what Dee was feeling in this chapter. The black masses floating on the water were most likely dead soldiers who had been killed while trying to storm the beaches. One of the examples in the book would be Sergeant Taylor shot to death before Dee could pull him onshore.

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After reaching the shore, Dee continues to help the other soldiers up while continuously trying to survive and find ways to advance. I believe this picture best suits the chapter as soldiers are still getting shot at a large scale while there is no practical way to get through the gunfire. Even though the medics arrive later on to bandage injured soldiers, they too were killed by the wave of bullets coming at them. This photo is a first-person perspective on Dee looking at the horrors happening with no solutions yet as many other forces like tanks and medics have not arrived yet or have barely arrived, not giving enough help to the soldiers currently on the invasion need. This picture says it wouldn't be such a massacre if more of the forces were here. Dee says, "This had to be the worst invasion in history at the end of the chapter."

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The chapter mainly takes place in the ship where Bill Richards, a 19-year-old British tank driver, and his other tank members prepare to fight in the D-day battle in the big boat you see in the picture. I chose a photo of the vessel that escorted tanks to show the readers what it looks like and what it is. The purpose of the big ship is to escort the tanks to the Omaha beach. Bill's boat continued to reach its destination despite the other boats bringing the tanks sinking midway.

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Valeriano, Brandon, et al. The National Interest, The Center for the National Interest, https://nationalinterest.org/. 

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I believe this picture best suits the chapter as it shows us five people on a Sherman tank. In the context of the book, the five people would be Davies, Murphy, Bill, Lewis, and Thomas on the exact model allied forces used in ww2. Their tank was name Achilles which was fitting considering Achilles was the greatest of all Greek warriors. At the same time, the tank was most likely also the greatest warrior on the battlefield, unfazed by any bullets fired at it, as if it was just a tickle.

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YouTube, YouTube, 2 Jan. 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=508Be4tAUGM. Accessed 1 June 2022. 

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I believe this is an important video to watch as there are always two sides to a story as this video gives more context to what a Nazi experiences in war. Even though the Nazis are unforgivable for what they had done and were wrong, the German soldiers have experienced many of the horrors and fear Allied soldiers had, as fighting was also miserable for the Nazis. Many of the Nazis fighting during the war were only 18. This was because young soldiers were constantly under the propaganda of Hitler, brainwashed to serve and die for Hitler as that was all they had learned in school. They were underfed and deprived of sleep during the war because of the constant invasions. Hitler also forced people who were aware of the true nature of the war to kill and torture innocent people and took this drug called amps in during the war, said in the video, so they had more energy and could fight more and faster. Failure to kill Jews or people who opposed Hitler would be at the cost of their own lives, in some cases, even their families and loved ones. Many people got hooked on amps; not being able to take amps after long periods led them to depression and hindered the German Army. Even though that was the case, and we could never forgive Nazis soldiers for the sins they had committed, war was not exactly enjoyable for the Nazis. This video shows how many Nazi soldiers didn't have wrong ideologies like Hiter did but were influenced and forced to do things that supported Hitler's philosophy.

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0:00 / 0:30•Watch full video

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“The Place for Military History News and Views.” WAR HISTORY ONLINE, https://www.warhistoryonline.com/. 

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After the three tanks get off the boat, Bill and their tank spot a German-88 gun. The tank the group was so afraid of the German-88 because it was a powerful ww2-era anti-air and an anti-tank gun used by Nazi Germany and its allies. It can blow a tank into pieces. In this picture, you can see a group of soldiers standing next to a German-88; This shows how big the gun is compared to a man. It has enormous bolts to the floor, so the recoil doesn't blow the weapon away. Bill and his mates can only survive the German-88 if they shoot it first. Unfortunately, the tank could not aim high enough to hit the gun as the gun was high up, and the tank did not have enough aim to shoot the gun, unlike the weapon, which could pierce the tank because of its versatile aim as seen in the picture.

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The Sherman tank gets hit in the chapter, "lifting the Sherman off the ground and tossing everyone around inside like bowling pins." p.162, Wondering what in the hell hit them. That was the work of an anti-tank mine hence the picture above. Even though the mine's size does not nearly compare to the tank itself, it has the power of almost destroying the tank and, in the case of the book, immobilizing the tank, making it unable to move. Only something as heavy as a tank can set the mine off. Because of the mine, Bill doubts where he will complete "operation Amiens," let alone survive before an anti-tank weapon blows the tank into pieces, killing everyone in it. I chose a picture of an anti-tank mine to give the readers more content on what it is and what it looks like.

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In this chapter, Bill and Thomas get out of the tank to dig a hole so they have a better angle to shoot the German-88. At first, just with Bill and Thomas, it would have been impossible given that they have a high chance of getting killed outside. In addition to that, there was no way the German-88 would not hit the tank before Bill and Thomas changed the angle, given how much time it takes to do that just with two men. To their surprise, the group of soldiers hiding behind the tank to seek shelter, including Dee, like in the picture, decide to help Bill and Thomas dig the hole. In the end, they make it in time and shoot the German-88 down. This picture is essential to the chapter; it gives us more context on the chapter's events. Furthermore, shelter behind tanks was a significant part of the invasion of Normandy as the tank had a big body, enough to shelter many people, as seen and sown in the picture and book.

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“Home.” The National WWII Museum | New Orleans, https://www.nationalww2museum.org/. 

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The tank members did not spot the other German-88 farther away in this chapter. It resulted in the Sherman tank that just shot down a German-88 getting blown into pieces, killing everyone inside it. What Dee saw further traumatized him as he saw a fellow soldier he was talking to just a few seconds ago die before his eyes; how a person who would think and have emotions a few seconds ago is now just a lifeless mass. The author enhances the feeling of trauma by writing it from the perspective of the witness of the death. It shows how painfully emotionless a death is in ww2 as it is too prevalent on the battlefield, and soldiers have to move on, or else they will end up like them. The soldier in the picture resembles Dee as he too was probably affected by the horrors of the battlefield. In the photo, the feeling of soldiers being lifeless, emotionless masses are felt. This is because society perceives the definition of living and human being unique, as no one is perfect. Still, in the picture, all of the soldiers are wearing the same things, with the same lifeless facial expressions, as if they were robots, unable to feel, being identical to each other. At the start of the battle, Dee would help any fallen soldiers despite putting his life at risk; and now, Dee chooses to ignore all the voices calling for help, prioritizing staying alive.

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In this chapter, Henry Allen was a part of the first medic groups to reach Normandy during the invasion. This picture shows a group of medics helping injured people in the war. As you can see, behind are the medical tents where Henry heals people. I chose this picture as it gives more context and a better view of what a medical infantry was and how they operated in WW2. Since the picture shows a post-battle situation of the medical infantry, it doesn't show how understaffed medics are during the war and how scary it is to rush into the battlefield to carry soldiers into the tents to save. Even though the Nazis weren't supposed to shoot medics on the battlefield, they still did despite being unarmed and doing no harm, making the job so hard and taxing. The medics also have to work tirelessly without breaks. Every time they do, an opportunity to save a life gets taken away.

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If the Allies Had Fallen: Sixty Alternate Scenarios of World War II (Dennis Showalter)

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If the Allies Had Fallen: Sixty Alternate Scenarios of World War II (Dennis Showalter)

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I believe the book, If The Allies had Fallen by Dennis Showalter is crucial to read after finishing the book Allies by Alan Gratz as it talks more about the importance of historical events like D-day in ww2. The Big Ben is covered with a red Nazi flag on the book cover, showing that the Nazis had captured Great Britain, which illustrates the title. Based on the different solutions that might have happened in the book, If The Allies had Fallen, the course of the book Allies might have also changed. Unlike Allies, If The Allies had Fallen focuses more on the historical events and the analytical aspect of the war. In contrast, Allies focuses more on the first-hand experiences of "heroes" and the true horrors of the war and the Nazis. Therefore, I believe it would be an interesting read for people who have never really read non-narrative books. It would also be fascinating to approach more events of ww2 more generally in an analytical aspect and not an emotional approach that focuses on the soldiers' experience when reading the book Allies.

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Roncero-Menendez, Sara, et al. “Off the Shelf.” Off the Shelf, 1 June 2022, https://offtheshelf.com/. 

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The Boy In The Striped Pajamas (John Boyne)

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The Boy In The Striped Pajamas (John Boyne)

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After reading Allies by Alan Gratz, I would recommend readers to read The Boy in The Striped Pajamas by John Boyne. This is because the book Allies focuses on the fighting perspective of the Allies in the D-Day Normandy Invasion and the tragedy of war. The Boy in The Striped Pajamas focuses on the ethical standpoint of the war and writes more about how Nazis did cruel things to the Jewish people and the tragedy of the Holocaust and concentration camps. They had to endure while all they could do was wait for the Allied forces to rescue them or try to escape. Even though the book Allies also talks about the horrors of war, The Boy In The Striped Pajamas brings it to another level. The Boy In The Striped Pajamas is about a nine-year-old boy named Bruno from a wealthy German family at the beginning of the HolocaustHolocaust. He is forced to move with his family from Berlin when his father is appointed a war commander. Sick and tired of his new home, Bruno discovers a nearby concentration camp with people dressed in striped outfits hence the book cover's appearance. At that time, Bruno was not aware of the whole situation. So, upon meeting Schmuel, a boy around his age, through the fence. He starts to visit him every day as Bruno and Schmuel realize that they have much in common, but the wall separating their lives imposes devastating consequences that will affect their lives forever, whether they will have one or not. All of the main characters fought on the front lines and witnessed the first-hand cruelty of the Nazis. While the main character Dee and the main character in The Boy In The Striped Pajamas seem different in the stories, they are relatively similar in many ways. Both characters are and used to be wealthy Germans and have seen the true nature of Führer and have retaliated. The main things that separate them are their age and the development of their realization of the Nazis. Just because Bruno's father has chosen not to do anything about the HolocaustHolocaust, staying with Germany and Dee's father didn't, Dee moved to America to fight against what he believes is wrong, while, Bruno gets heavily affected by the ethically wrong things Dee is fighting against. I think the two books will give future readers more perspectives on the war and change what you think about and the context of each book after reading both.

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“History in Focus.” The Colonial and Post-Colonial Dimensions of Algerian Migration to France, an Article from History in Focus, https://archives.history.ac.uk/

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This is a picture of Algerian demonstrators in central Paris on 17 October 1961. During that period, Prejudice against Algerian immigrants was common. French perceive Algerian immigrants are selfish and only care about their country, but that is not true. This picture fits the theme of this chapter as the people in the picture face a similar kind of discrimination as Samira. She did not get the role she wanted in an act just because her skin color was different from the skin color the main character was supposed to be, even though she was the best actress in her class. That statement made by the headmaster was an excuse as, at that time, some boys also played girl roles while girls also played boys' parts. The demonstrators also relate to Samira as they both show and portray a helpless yet determined face. Even though they do not have much chance of changing the quality of their lives with little social power, they remain determined as this will be their only opportunity to protest and speak up against Algerian discrimination.

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YouTube, YouTube, 20 June 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3P11ENBZyc. Accessed 1 June 2022. 

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I believe this video is critical to watch as it gives us the basic facts about what happened on D-day, especially on Omaha beach, where the main characters in the book were fighting. Because this video only consists of facts, there is no bias, giving you a basic, accurate understanding of D-day and giving you context for other materials related to D-day. This video can tell you information like when the invasion happened, how many soldiers were there, what they had to do, etc. There is also information about Eisenhower's planning for the war months before it started.

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YouTube, YouTube, 6 June 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fd8okLRFUeQ. Accessed 1 June 2022. 

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I believe this video is essential to watch after reading the book as the video gives us context and tells us more about D-day in a first-hand account. The veteran provides us with accurate basic information about his experience during his life and D-day. There might also be untold stories that have not come to light about the world war or some things you didn't know about. For example, before watching that video, I did not know how the Allied forces put rubber tanks to trick Hitler into thinking they were invading Calais. Watching this video is also crucial as it gives you more perspectives to look at D-day, giving you a more accurate and stable view and opinion on the battle. After reading the book, some readers might still underestimate the horror of D-day. Watching the video will show them how horrible the war was as the memories were "unforgettable" coming from a veteran with a first-hand account. In the video, the veteran states how German planes would bomb them every night on the English Channel. It is essential to be aware of how the war was to give the right amount of credit to the right people.

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D-Day “Things You Don’t Forget” | Memoirs Of WWII #14

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“News, Breaking News, Latest News, News Headlines, Live News, Today News CNN.” News18, https://www.news18.com/. 

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In this chapter, Henry meets Lieutenant Richard Hoyte, and he is the person who made Henry's life a living hell before the war. Hoyte, during his training days, showed Henry the reality of segregation. Henry got kicked out of the bus and got punished by Hoyte because Hoyte himself made him get off the bus that was going to get them to the base as a few white people were late, taking their seats. Even though that was the case, Henry demonstrated an incredibly selfless act, prioritizing saving allied soldiers no matter who they were and putting his grudges away. To his surprise, Hoyte thanked him for saving his life and was grateful for him, which had never happened to Henry from a white person. The picture I put is a portrait of a black medic, Waverly B. Woodson Jr. During the war, he saved dozens of wounded troops on the beaches of Normandy on D-Day. Despite being severely wounded himself, Woodson nearly didn't make it ashore. His landing craft exploded after hitting a mine, and he was wounded. But when he made it to the beach, he worked for 30 hours to save lives, including pulling four men from the ocean before he collapsed. I chose this image as Woodsen reminds me of Henry as they both show the same virtues and qualities of a hero, not letting discrimination of their race stop them from achieving great things.

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“Circulating Now from NLM.” U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/. 

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This picture shows a group of battlefield medics operating on several injured soldiers. This happened in the book as Henry did operations on several people without rest. I believe this picture best suits the chapter to give context and show how busy a medic tent during the war is. This picture is not precisely the situation Henry did not have a coat on him. The emotions the medics give off in the picture fit how Henry was in the book, as he was focused and determined to save as many soldiers as he could, putting aside his fatigue. Despite having mortar shells hit close by, "showering the top of Henry's tent with sand." (p.187) Ignoring the fight raging all around him.

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“Anatomy Atlases: Anatomy of First Aid: A Case Study Approach: Sucking Chest Wound.” Anatomy Atlases(Tm) : A Digital Library of Anatomy Information, https://www

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This is an image of a sucking chest wound. A sucking chest wound is a hole in the chest that makes a new pathway for air to travel into the chest cavity. When the chest cavity is expanded to inhale, air not only goes into the mouth and nose like usual, but it also goes into the hole. Henry spots a soldier having a sucking chest wound in the book, even though there is no visible hole. Despite that fact, Henry sees that the soldier has blue fingers, proving that there is a sucking chest wound. He was about to perform a surgery where he put an occlusive bandage and got the air out of the lungs. But because there was no external wound, the injured soldier's friend refused to let him do surgery on him because he did not trust him and didn't believe there was a wound because it was internal. He was also getting frustrated as Henry prioritized the soldier with the sucking chest wound over him and stalled on his burn marks. This diagram gives us more context of what it is and is essential to the chapter as it revolves around the wound, so readers know it is crucial.

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Richardson, Whit. “A Veteran's Journey from Hitler Youth to U.S. Army.” NPR, NPR, 12 Nov. 2010, https://www.npr.org/2010/11/09/131186773/veteran-served-as-soldi

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I believe this picture of a German person fighting and helping the U.S. Army as a medic best suited the second chapter. It mainly talked about how Dee, an underage German kid in the Army, fought for the Americans against the Germans. Like Dee, Both of them realized that even though they were fighting for America, they still had to accept that mistreatment would occur because they were German. Despite that being the case, Dee and the purple heart and a bronze star recipient German who fought for The U.S. Army did not let that stop them from achieving great things for their country, America. I believe people need to be more aware of other discriminations in WWII other than racism, even though none of them gets enough awareness. Out of the 473 medals of honor recipients, only 7 of them were black, even though there was about 15 percent of black people in the Army.

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“D-Day the Invasion of Normandy - World War 2.” History for Kids, 18 July 2019, https://www.historyforkids.net/d-day.html. 

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I believe this picture best suits the theme of Chapter three as this is the exact situation the author is trying to describe as they are about to start Operation Overlord. As Dee is on the Higgins boat, preparing to invade Omaha beach, Bullets start whizzing past him as rockets and other artillery fill the background with dust, helpless screams from soldiers, and explosions as debris flies all over the place. Even though that was the case, Dee and the other soldiers could not do anything but wait, thinking about their decisions, future, and families. Making it onshore alive was a miracle. This is what the picture shows. The soldiers stare helplessly, seeing the horrors as they prepare soon to die for their country and a so-called good cause.

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In this chapter, Samira's mother gets captured by the Nazis alongside another woman victim her mother was trying to save. Even though that was the case, Samira and the dog stayed safe. Samira's mother told Samira not to go after her and that she will see her in heaven, Tears trickled down her cheeks, but she had no time. Shortly after, the dog started barking while the Nazis were still there; she did not know what to do and might even get captured herself. Even though the Nazis capture more people in this picture, it still depicts her mother being caught, which is the main progression in this chapter. This is because, in the bigger picture, many more people were getting captured at that time. The Nazis captured many innocent french citizens as a consequence when a resistance fighter killed one of their men. This is highly unfair and inhuman. I am sure this was what Samira and her mother felt when she tried to save the woman. In the picture, you can see the fear and sadness in the french citizens' eyes which perfectly shows the emotions of Samira and her mother, as mentioned before.

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“The 'Most Dangerous' Allied Spy of WWII Was a 'Limping Lady' with a Prosthetic Leg.” Www.amightygirl.com, https://www.amightygirl.com/blog?p=23977. 

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I believe this picture best suits the overall theme of the chapter. Even though you might think that this picture has no connection to the chapter whatsoever, this woman called Virginia Hall has many similarities to Samira. Even though Samira's mother told her not to follow her after being captured, she still decides to do so. Virginia Hall, even though considered Virginia Hall the "most dangerous of all Allied spies" by the Nazis, had a wooden prosthetic leg. It proved to be no obstacle to Hall's courage and determination to defeat the Nazis. The Distinguished Service Cross recipient's actions amazed the SOE commanders and changed their minds about women operating in combat zones; twelve months after Hall began working undercover, the SOE decided to send more female agents into the field. She also created the Heckler network in Lyon, which gathered information about German troop movements, helped downed British pilots escape to safety, and organized sabotage and rescue operations across Vichy, France, paving the Allied invasion. Even though Samira is just a girl, it did and will not stop her from achieving incredible feats.

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Virginia Hall was one of the greatest spies of World War II but her incredible story is largely unknown today.

The Nazis considered Virginia Hall the "most dangerous of all Allied spies," yet the story of the "Limping Lady" is largely unknown today. Hall spent nearly the entire war in France, first as a spy for Britain's newly formed Special Operations Executive (SOE) and later for the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS) Special Operations Branch. Even her cumbersome wooden prosthetic leg, which she nicknamed Cuthbert, proved no obstacle to Hall's courage and determination to defeat the Nazis. While undercover in France, she proved exceptionally adept at eluding the Gestapo as she organized resistance groups, masterminded jailbreaks for captured agents, mapped drop zones, reported on German troop movements, set up safe houses, and rescued escaped POWs and downed Allied pilots. Even years after the war, however, she rarely talked about her extraordinary career; a reticence she likely developed during her years as a spy since, as she once observed, "Many of my friends were killed for talking too much."

Hall was born to a wealthy Baltimore, Maryland family in 1906 and, from an early age, she resisted the expectation that she would marry into privilege and settle into the role of wife and mother. Describing herself as "cantankerous and capricious," Hall set her sights on becoming a diplomat after studying in Paris and falling in love with France. Although she applied numerous times, woman accounted for only six of the 1,500 U.S. diplomats at the time and she was repeatedly rejected. Still hoping to join the Foreign Service, she ended up taking a clerical job at the U.S. Embassy in Warsaw, Poland. An accident during a hunting trip in Turkey, however, changed the course of her life after her left leg had to be amputated below the knee due to gangrene. Soon after, Hall learned that the loss the her leg disqualified her from the Foreign Service, ending her dreams of becoming a diplomat.

Undaunted, she resigned from her clerk job and moved to Paris in 1939, just as war was breaking out across Europe. After German forces invaded France on May 10, 1940, Hall volunteered to drive ambulances for the French army during the six-week long Battle of France, transporting wounded soldiers from the front line under fire from German fighter planes. After the French surrender, Hall traveled to London to support the British war effort. On her journey, she impressed an undercover agent who put her in touch with a senior officer in the Special Operations Executive (SOE), Winston Churchill's new secret service. The new agency had never employed a female operative but, after six months of failing to infiltrate a single new agent into France, they decided to send Hall to France as the SOE's first female agent in the country.

She arrived in the Vichy region of France in August 1941 under the cover story of being a war correspondent for the New York Post newspaper. In Toulouse, she established a resistance network called HECKLER, which gathered information about German troop movements and helped downed British pilots escape to safety, then she traveled to Lyon, where she helped coordinate activities of the French Resistance. Hall was forced underground after America entered the war, but continued operating in France for another 14 months. She became adept at changing her appearance on a moment's notice, and was known by multiple aliases. "To a certain extent, was invisible," says Craig Gralley, author of Hall of Mirrors: Virginia Hall: America's Greatest Spy of World War II. "She was able to play on the chauvinism of the Gestapo at the time. None of the Germans early in the war necessarily thought that a woman was capable of being a spy."

Hall's extraordinary effectiveness amazed the SOE commanders and helped change their minds about women operating in combat zones; twelve months after Hall began working undercover, the SOE finally decided to send more female agents into the field. Her efficiency also drew attention from the enemy forces, however, and it wasn't long before the Gestapo was on the hunt for "the Limping Lady," who they knew only from a composite sketch. Their internal communications declared: "She is the most dangerous of all Allied spies. We must find and destroy her." With Gestapo agents - including notorious investigator Klaus Barbie, who would later be awarded the Iron Cross for torturing and executing thousands of resisters - closing in on her after the Germans seized control of Vichy France in November 1942, Hall was forced to flee to Spain.

Escape meant a three day journey on foot in heavy snow across the Pyrenees mountains, a task made even more challenging with an 8-pound artificial leg bound to her body with straps and a belt at the waist. At one point, she jokingly mentioned in a message to the SOE that she was concerned that Cuthbert would cause problems during her escape; not recognizing the nickname she used for her prosthetic, SOE headquarters responded, "If Cuthbert is giving you difficulty, have him eliminated." When she arrived in Spain, she was arrested and imprisoned for illegally entering the country; it took six weeks before an inmate being released was able to get word to American officials in Barcelona about her presence so they could arrange her release. She finally made it back to London in January 1943, where she was quietly made a honorary Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE).

After the SOE refused to send her back to France fearing it was too dangerous with her high profile, Hall decided to join the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS), which was just establishing their own intelligence operation in France. With huge numbers of Nazi troops now in the country, Hall took even more extreme measures to disguise herself. Among them, Sonia Purnell, author of A Woman of No Importance: The Untold Story of the American Spy Who Helped Win World War II, recounts that Hall had a "fierce, a rather sort of scary London dentist to grind down her lovely, white American teeth so that she looked like a French milkmaid." In the Haute-Loire region of central France, she disguised herself as an elderly milkmaid and got to work on her radio, coordinating airdrops of arms and supplies for the resistance fighters who were blowing up bridges and sabotaging troop trains, and reporting German troop movements to Allied forces.

Her second tour in France in 1944 and 1945 was even more successful than her first, and at its peak, her network consisted of 1,500 people. With the Germans constantly attempting to track her radio signals, Hall stayed on the move, camping out in barns and attics. As D-Day approached, Hall was operating as a guerrilla leader, and she armed and trained three battalions of French resistance fighters for sabotage missions that helped paved the way for the Allied invasion. One of her many radio reports shows the breadth of her missions; in it, she states that her team has destroyed four bridges, derailed freight trains, severed a key rail line, and downed telephone lines. By the war's end, Hall had spent over three full years operating undercover behind enemy lines and, in the words of an official British government report at the end of the war, she was "amazingly successful."

After the war, Hall became an intelligence analyst with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which was formed after the OSS was dissolved at the end of the war. For her wartime service, she was awarded the Croix de Guerre with Palme by France and became the only civilian woman during WWII to be awarded a Distinguished Service Cross by the U.S. which recognizes exceptional valor and risk of life in combat. President Harry Truman wanted to have a public ceremony for the presentation of the medal, but Hall requested a private ceremony instead, saying that she was "still operational and most anxious to get busy." Hall worked at the CIA until she retired in 1966 and took quiet pride in her service to her country, although she always maintained a wry sense of humor about it. Her response to receiving the Distinguished Service Cross? "Not bad for a girl from Baltimore."

Books About Women Spies and Resisters of World War II

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The 'Most Dangerous' Allied Spy of WWII Was a 'Limping Lady' With a Prosthetic Leg

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Virginia Hall was one of the greatest spies of World War II but her incredible story is largely unknown today. The Nazis considered Virginia Hall the "most dangerous of all Allied spies," yet the story of the "Limping Lady" is largely unknown today.

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Racism was prevalent during the battle. In the chapter, the injured soldier's friend goes as far as to find a white medic to disprove Henry's observation as he did not trust a black man to operate on his friend. To his surprise, the other medic praised Henry for his observation skills and got mad at the soldier's friend for calling a medic over just to prove a point. He told to soldier that other people were dying every second, and that might have been a chance to save someone he came over. The picture demonstrates discrimination during battles and wars. It shows a segregated unit with only black troops invading Normandy beach, the beach, and the bloodiest invasion with the most casualties, hence Bloody Normandy.

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I believe this song best fits the operation bathing suit and the book as a whole. In the chapter "Operation Bathing Suit," Monique Marchand sings "J'attrendai" by Rina Ketty to calm her down. "J'attrendai" translates to "I will wait," which Monique Marchand was doing for a very long time. This song was popular during WWII because people and civilians who have been affected by the war find it relatable as that is what they have been doing since the Germans took over France in 1940. I thought this song was essential to the book, so I chose it for the book "Allies."

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Dee was so afraid that he hid against the seabed for hours without realizing it in the chapter. He was too scared to continue advancing as he was already lucky enough to reach it, just enough angle to block the Nazi bullets coming at them. Furthermore, if he left the seabed and ran towards the Nazi bunkers and territory, he would've just run directly into the wave of bullets. In this sketch of D-day from the seawall view, you can see how the seabed protects the soldiers from getting shot. This is happening in the book now as Dee and other soldiers hide behind the seabed. At the seabed, Dee can see a clearer picture of what is happening. How horrifying and uncoordinated the attack was, how much of a massacre the battle was. Just in front of the line of soldiers were piles of soldiers who died just trying to run to the seawall. In the book, even though it was just 10 yards between the tank cover and seawall, many soldiers still died in between that.

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As you can see in this picture, Dee can see everything happening from the shore. From where he and the other soldiers were, they saw a lucky person who survived all the bullets and got missed getting hit by an exploding hedgehog at one point. All the soldiers beside the seabed were all cheering him on even though he couldn't hear them, telling him where to seek shelter from. As he leaves the tank shelter and runs for the seabed, he gets shot. In the picture, you can see soldiers lying, dead, without having reached the seabed. One of the soldiers who did not make it, lying down in front of the line of soldiers in the picture was probably the lucky soldier.

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After the soldier got shot dead on the ground in front of Dee, Dee felt the need to bring the dead soldier beside the seawall. Maybe, he was still alive. Dee risked his life, rushing towards the soldier on the ground, dragging him towards the seawall, finishing the dead soldier's unfinished mission. In this picture, The black-and-white photo shows a group of soldiers pulling a helmetless soldier out of the English Channel. He tightly clenched his hands, and his knees scraped across the rocky shore. Two Americans grip his arms on each side, desperately dragging the man's almost limp body away from danger as the man has nearly given up after a long battle, trying to get onshore. This situation is similar to what Dee was doing as both of them show identical virtues, risking their own lives for a slim chance of others surviving.

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Out of the four books, They called us Enemies, Mares' War, Code Talker, and Allies; I chose the book Allies as I have read many books written by Alan Gratz and have enjoyed them. Especially the format of how there are several main characters. Furthermore, all the books I have read about WW2 were not from a battle perspective that focused on D-day, which I was not familiar with. Unlike the other books by Gratz, the book's formatting also consists of several main characters, but more so on how the other main characters mentioned in the book support and give context to the first protagonist mentioned in the story, Dee. Dee is a 16-year-old soldier from Philadelphia who escaped his home country, Germany, to enlist in the American army. His role was to invade Normandy beach and go further towards Berlin. The other main characters consist of Sid, Dee's Jewish friend, accompanying him during the invasion. An eleven-year-old Samira Zidane racing along the road outside their village in German-occupied northern France, secretly working with the French resistance movement—slowing down Nazis' supplies, attacks, and saving civilians from getting harmed by the Nazis. Nineteen-year-old Lance Corporal James McKay of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion from Winnipeg, Manitoba. With him is Lance Corporal Samuel Tremblay, a Cree Indian from Quebec. Their role was to defeat the Nazis from inside the villages so the invaders from the beaches won't have a hard time after reaching penetrating through the German front lines. Private Bill Richards is a nineteen-year-old Sherman tank driver in the Royal Dragoons, in charge of invading the beach they land on. Corporal Henry Allen belongs to the 320th Barrage Balloon Battalion, an all-black unit in the segregated US Army whose role as a medic is to rescue and heal injured Allied soldiers on the battlefield, and Monique Marchand, a civilian who aids a wounded man on the beach. This book tells us basic information and uncovers many untold horrors of D-day. Gratz also brings to the surface many untold stories and under-credited heroes in D-day like Samira and Henry. These people also fight fearlessly on the front lines. Despite that, people don't see people like them as heroes as they don't have guns and armor to face and attack the German front lines directly. I believe other vocal points of this book are how it gives a diverse perspective of the war with people with unique backgrounds and roles and incorporates what many different people experienced during the war. Despite how different they are, they are still somewhat the same and linked to each other, in some cases, even meeting each other in the book, as they all have the same mission, to successfully invade Normandy and defeat the Nazis once and for all. After reading this book, I now have a more solid understanding of the D-day invasion. I am now aware of how there was not only racism but also other types of prejudices like Syrian and Jewish discrimination in the war. I am also now know the untold roles that were vital to the success of D-day and the true horrors of war Gratz brings light to, as mentioned earlier. I would recommend this book to audiences who want to find a good balance between an informational, narrative, emotional, and realistic book that keeps you on your toes.

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Dee reunites with Sid with an injured leg after a long time at the start of the battle. Dee sees Sid after seeing him injured in a medic tent as Dee was helping the medic, Henry, carry an injured soldier inside the tent. This picture shows two soldiers hugging, probably after a battle. In the context of the book, those two people would be Sid and Dee hugging as they reunite. The picture also shows Sid and Dee's emotions as they were excited and relieved to meet their lifetime friend after thinking they had lost each other forever. Dee was so excited and focused on surviving that he forgot his gun. Sid and Dee's reuniting also gives them more hope and determination for the battle as they can fight alongside each other again, not being lonely and lost amidst the struggle, which was most likely how both of them were thinking before. The chapter shows this as Dee was depressed and broken, giving up and just trying to survive and make it till the end of the battle, just like the other soldiers besides the seawall, until he reunited with Sid.

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CosmoLearning. “Your Free Online School: Courses, Video Lectures, Documentaries, Images, Books and More.” CosmoLearning, https://cosmolearning.org/. 

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In this chapter, the line of soldiers hiding beside the seawall, including Lieutenant Mendoza, Dee, and Sid, decide to go through the broken seawall and take action quickly or else The German soldiers will kill them. After that, they break into one of the German bunkers, finding weapons like mortars that have wreaked havoc on the beach, killing all the Allied soldiers. They also killed all the Nazi soldiers in the bunker with only one casualty, which is nothing compared to the casualties in the battle but significant as there weren't many soldiers that passed the barrage of bullets, mines, and bombs, invading the bunkers yet. As Sid had an injured leg, he did not get to get revenge and did not manage to kill a Nazi, making him frustrated. After emptying the first bunker, they prepare to continue, emptying the other German bunker on the other side of the beach. This picture shows the line of soldiers behind the seawall, including See, Sid, and Mendoza going through the seawall hole, advancing towards the German bunkers and territory.

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“Bring History to Life.” DocsTeach, https://www.docsteach.org/. 

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This piece of primary source is a picture of General Eisenhower's order on D-day. I chose this picture as I believe it significantly contributes to the context of the book. In this piece of paper, we see how General Eisenhower praises the soldiers (about to fight on D-day) bravery and warns them as the upcoming battle with not be easily won, unlike any other action they have fought in. Lastly, General Eisenhower wished the soldiers luck, gave them confidence, and encouraged them. The soldiers will soon embark on an adventure that will not be like anything they had imagined. This piece of primary source is essential as it dramatically affects every soldier who is about to fight, giving them the determination to succeed. The book also contains a copy of it in the first book, further proving my point.

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“Bring History to Life.” DocsTeach, https://www.docsteach.org/. 

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This primary source is a letter written by General Eisenhower himself in case of the invasion's failure. He talks about how the soldiers have fought hard throughout the attack, and if any case, he would be the one to blame. From this letter, we can tell how great a leader he was, owning up to his mistakes without fear, ready to receive the fitting consequences if he failed.

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Adm.CorSleutel, and Adm.CorSleutel. “Nowstalgia.” NOWstalgia, 27 May 2022, http://www.nowstalgia.eu/. 

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The Allied soldiers continued to advance to the next bunker and clear it. This picture shows the image of the Widerstandsnest, which was the exact German bunker Dee and Sid was going to invade in this chapter. This image shows the construction of the bunker. The bunker in the picture looks like it has a lot of closure and cover. It also had a lot of armor and concrete protecting it, making it impossible for the Allied soldiers to destroy.

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“Ferguson Releases Racist Emails Detailed in Justice Department Report – Read the Documents.” The Guardian, https://interactive.guim.co.uk/preview/. 

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In this chapter, after defeating the bunkers. They advanced further, eventually reaching a village. At first, they thought there was no one in the town, and everyone had fled. But it was a surprise attack as tanks and roof snipers started shooting them soon after entering the town. This is a picture of what it looked like when the Allied soldiers entered the town. The houses are broken down, with dusty and broken down concrete buildings, and not a single soul is seen anywhere. That is most likely what led the Allied Soldiers to think that no one was in town.

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The soldiers try to seek shelter and find a way to destroy the Panzer tank. Destroying the tank was no easy feat as the Panzer tank was unfazed by any of the bullets fired at it. Luckily, A troop in the Allied group had a C2 bomb, which could cripple the tank. Therefore, Dee decides to sacrifice himself to throw the bomb onto the tank as the other soldiers divert the tank's attention. The picture I chose for the chapter shows an image of a German Panzer tank. Thick layers of armor cover the Panzer tank, with a machine gun on top powerful enough to destroy everything around its vicinity.

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Tim Becker, MD. “Panic Disorder.” What Causes Panic Attacks & How to Prevent Them, Buoy Health, Inc., 13 Feb. 2022, https://www.buoyhealth.com/learn/panic-d

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As Dee executes the plan at his life's cost, he miraculously survives and is under the now crippled tank that couldn't move. He sees a grenade role under the tank as he panics. This picture perfectly shows how Dee was feeling in this chapter. After surviving this much and getting this far, he didn't just want to die and stop here.

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Understand what causes panic attacks and how to prevent and stop them.

What is panic disorder?

A panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder, which I think of as the common cold of mental health. It feels terrible-like you are having a heart attack and dying. But you are not in danger. And it is treatable. -

Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder where you have repeated bouts of intense anxiety, called . A panic attack feels like you are losing control or are dying. You may notice physical sensations like sweating, difficulty breathing, a warm feeling in your body, or chest pain.

At the same time, you are constantly worried about getting a panic attack. This fear can get in the way of your daily routines. Some people want to stay home because they are scared they will have an attack. It affects both children and adults, and is twice as common in women than men. Medication and psychotherapy can help.

What are panic disorder symptoms?

The most common symptoms of panic disorder include intense anxiety (a panic attack) that occurs repeatedly over time. You may feel your chest tighten, have rapid breathing, shortness of breath, and tingling in your fingers. It often feels like it happens out of the blue, but may be triggered by situations that make you anxious. The first few minutes are the most intense.

But not everyone who has panic attacks develops panic disorder. A panic disorder means your life has been significantly affected for at least one month. This includes worrying about attacks happening again and/or changing your behavior to prevent them. You may do this by avoiding exercise, trying not to leave home, and limiting what you eat.

Main symptoms of a panic attack

You may have just a few of these symptoms or several.

, like feeling like you're having a heart attack

Increased heart rate or feeling like your heart is pounding

Tingling in your fingers

Feeling like you are dying or losing control

Feeling detached (disconnected) from reality or from yourself (like you're outside your body)

Nausea or upset stomach

Temperature changes-like chills or feeling waves of heat

Difficulty breathing, feeling out of breath

Dizziness or lightheadedness, feeling like fainting

Throat tightness

What causes panic disorder?

Panic disorder occurs because of a combination of genes and environmental factors, like stressors or traumatic life experiences. Your genetics might affect parts of the brain that process anxiety.

For example, the brain may misinterpret a harmless sensation or stimulus as a danger. It then sends signals to increase your heart and breathing-to put you on alert-when it doesn't need to. Also, negative thinking (where you always assume the worst) can lead to panic disorder.

Not all anxious people get panic attacks, but the more anxious you are, the more likely you are to get them. Think of panic as extreme anxiety that happens in one big burst. Bringing down your baseline anxiety is really important so when you (naturally) become anxious about something, you don't tip the scale into panic mode.

Patients always say, My panic attack came out of the blue. I know it feels that way, but there is always a trigger to that intense response. It could be a thought, something you notice in the environment, or something you are not even aware of. A big part of the treatment is learning to understand your particular triggers. -

Panic disorder treatments

The best treatment for panic disorder is dealing with the underlying anxiety through a combination of regular meditation (to reduce everyday anxiety), exercise, talk therapy, and possibly medication.

Panic attacks can be triggered by many medical conditions-like arrhythmias, pulmonary diseases, neurologic diseases, and endocrine (hormonal) abnormalities. So it's important to discuss with your doctor if you need to be checked for these diseases.

Psychotherapy

Talk therapy with a trained professional can be helpful. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy with a lot of research backing it up. You learn to understand what is triggering the panic attacks, how to change unhelpful thoughts, and notice the signs of it building.

There are exercises that help you deal with the physical feelings that you experience during panic attacks (such as shortness of breath). Practicing helps you feel less scared when you get those feelings in the future.

Medications

There are several medications for panic disorder. They have different side effects. Your doctor will choose the one that is the best fit for you. Always take medications as prescribed. Let your doctor know about any side effects. Research shows that people who stop taking medications without their doctor's okay often start to have panic attacks again.

Antidepressants: Most antidepressants are effective for panic disorder. You usually have to take them for several weeks before they start to work. And it may take up to 2-3 months of daily use.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): escitalopram (Lexapro) or sertraline (Zoloft)

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): venlafaxine (Effexor)

Benzodiazepines: These work to reduce anxiety right away when you have a panic attack. But they can make you tired. With long-term use, you could get dependent on them. They are often prescribed for a short period of time while waiting for the antidepressant to take effect.

What to do if you're having a panic attack

Trust this will pass. Panic is like a wave. It hits a peak and then comes down. Fighting it often makes it worse. Find a comfortable area, try to slow your breathing (although this might be difficult), and know your job is to ride this tough wave and let it pass on its own.

Panic attacks can mimic symptoms of a heart attack or asthma attack. So if you have chest pain or difficulty breathing, call 911 or go to the ER to make sure it's nothing more serious.

If you have repeated panic attacks, see a mental health professional. They will do a thorough medical and psychological evaluation. Then, together you will create a treatment plan. The best treatment is dealing with the underlying anxiety through a combination of regular meditation (to reduce everyday anxiety), exercise, talk therapy, and possibly medication.

Panic attacks can be triggered by many medical conditions-like arrhythmias, pulmonary diseases, neurologic diseases, and endocrine (hormonal) abnormalities. Discuss with your doctor about checking for these diseases.

Panic Disorder is more common than you think. And since it feels like a heart attack, before you jump into treatment talk with your doctor to rule out any cardiovascular issues. -

Preventative tips

A few changes to your lifestyle can help reduce panic attacks (and even other forms of anxiety).

Avoid alcohol and other drugs. Alcohol, tobacco/nicotine, and other drugs may help you feel less anxious in the short-term, but they can worsen symptoms overall. Sometimes people may drink alcohol to help them fall asleep, but this often makes sleep worse and can cause you to wake up and have a panic attack out of the blue.

Get enough sleep.Being tired greatly affects mood and anxiety levels. Try to go to sleep at the same time each night. Avoid caffeine and big meals before bed. Stop looking at bright screens at least an hour before bed. Keep your bedroom quiet and comfortable.

Stay physically active. Exercise at least 3 times per week. Yoga can be good for calming the body and mind.

Dr. Bobbi Wegner is a clinical psychologist, lecturer at Harvard, author, advisor, writer and international speaker. She is the founder and CEO of Groops, an online platform that provides support groups and guided conversations around mental health issues and everyday worries.Dr. Wegner writes and speaks internationally on modern mental health. She has a column in Psychology Today, is a parenting...

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Panic Disorder | What Causes Panic Attacks & How to Prevent Them

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Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder where you have repeated episodes of intense anxiety, called panic attacks. It can be really scary as your heart starts beating fast. And the fear of having another attack is all you can think about. But it can be treated with talk therapy and medication.

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He overheard how all the civilians in this town were inside the church during that time. They decided that they would blow it up and received orders to retreat. After that, Dee quickly notifies Sid and the other soldiers. Sid realizes Dee was German as Dee understood what the Germans were talking about. At the end of the chapter, when Dee was trying to break open the church door, Sid aimed a gun in his direction, about to shoot. In the picture, you can see the situation in the chapter play out as a soldier aims his weapon not exactly but toward another soldier's direction. As that is the case, we are not sure if the soldier is shooting the soldier beside him or something else, which is what the readers are thinking about at the end of this chapter, as this was the same scenario.

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“Wisdom Quotes, Letting Go, Letting Happiness In.” Tiny Buddha, 12 Dec. 2021, https://tinybuddha.com/. 

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In this chapter, despite Sid being enraged that Dee was German, he prioritized innocent peoples' lives and shot at the church door to break it, freeing all the women and children inside. After that, Sid proceeded to execute the Krauts despite Dee persuading him not to as it would be considered murder now they have surrendered. I chose a picture of the people parting ways as Dee and Sid parted ways after Sid realized Dee was German. This also fits the scene as the sun was setting in the chapter, the same as the picture. I believe the sun in the photo marks Dee and Sid's relationship, and as the sun starts to set, their friendship starts to end also.

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This primary source shows footage of battle medics during the Invasion of Normandy. It also gives information about the medics during the battle, giving context to the video footage. This is an important video that deserves to be seen by people as it raises all the heroic deeds done by people who society does not consider heroes. This footage also relates to what Henry faced during the war and gives the reader more context on how the battle medics worked.

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Medical Service in the Invasion of Normandy

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Medical Service in the Invasion of Normandy

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In this chapter, Gratz introduces a new character to the book. Her name was Monique Marchand, and she had been hiding inside a tiny beach hut from the morning to 8 pm as she heard soldiers outside all day. Monique was hungry and cold. Now that it was past curfew and she wasn't back yet, her mother would most likely be worried about her, and going back without any Nazis noticing would be nearly impossible. I chose this image for the chapter as I believe the song J'attendrai by Rina Ketty, which translates to I will wait perfectly describes what Monique has been and will still most likely be doing. This song is also a significant piece of Monique as she sings this song to calm down, which is also what she is constantly doing in the book.

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In this chapter, Monique says how she isn't afraid and disgusted around blood and how this drew her in to doing first aid. I chose an image of a dislocated finger as in the chapter, Monique thinks back to a time when she helped perform first aid to a boy who dislocated his fingers, hence the picture on top. This chapter shows the personality of Monique and how nice she is, in this book, putting her life at risk to help others, prioritising other people over her.

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In this chapter, Monique sees a woman doctor meeting her while helping the boy, allowing Monique to work with her. I believe this picture best suits the essence of this chapter as the chapter mainly talks about women medics. Natalia Peshkova (the girl you see in the picture bandaging an injured soldier) was someone who was drafted into the Russian Army when she was just 17. Despite coming from a poor background, she did everything to protect and help wounded soldiers on the front lines as a combat medic. She was hurt three times for her efforts. But Peshkova's unmatched strength and determination kept her going. I believe this woman is very similar to the girl medic Dorothy and Monique in the book as all of them show the same positive virtues, attitudes, and intentions.

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In this chapter, a soldier on the battlefield looks down on Dorothy and Monique, confronts Monique and Dorothy, and orders them off the beach. He says that nobody who can't dig a latrine (toilet) shouldn't be allowed in battle. Dorothy responds by saying that she'll dig up the prettiest toilet he ever saw. I chose a picture of discrimination on the battlefield. This picture shows the Military's Only All-Black Female Band that battled the War Department and Won. As you can tell, women were looked down upon like Dorothy and Monique and were given minor roles to do on the battlefield. In the pictures case, this black woman unit are left to play music on the battlefield, without any weapons and armor to protect themselves. Hiding and Seeking shelter was also hard for them as they had to stay together and carry instruments with them, leaving them a higher chance of dying in war.

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In this chapter, Dorothy and Monique see Dee injured on the ground as he was injured because of a mine. Upon seeing Dee, they rush to him and start to bandage him up. I chose a picture of a man lying unconscious as Dee was also lying down on the floor after stepping on the mine.

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“Medical and Health Information.” Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/. 

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In this chapter, Dee slowly becomes conscious, and he recovers under the care of Monique. He realized that the Allied forces had control over Bayeux, and the Nazis had run away. However, although the Allies came out victorious today, they still have so far to go. Dee watches as Henry Allen struggles to get a drink because he is black. I chose an image of the sun because it shows us how we are far away from the sun as we are far away from everyone to be liberated and treated equally.

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“Stock Images, Royalty-Free Pictures, Illustrations & Videos - IStock.” IStockPhoto.com, https://www.istockphoto.com/. 

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In this chapter, Dee and Sid reunite, and Sid realizes that Dee hated Germans as much as he did. It was also wrong and immoral to kill them, making him just as bad as the Nazis. Even though he murdered a few Nazis, he has calmed down enough to think. I do not blame him for the murder, as it was nothing compared to what the Germans did to the Jews. I chose this image to reflect the peace and happiness Sid and Dee shared in the last chapter. I feel like this image represents the book's theme, which talks about how people are stronger together. The people holding hands shows that they are one, working and fighting together. The Allies conquered Bayeux because they were fighting with all their strength and passion for liberating France as a group, not because of an individual's strength. Whatever happens to them, they will either lose or win together. The picture with the hands with different skin colors also shows the readers their objective as a group, to stop discrimination against people with differences, as people are not doing it in the book. Henry gets discriminated against because he is black, while Samira is discriminated against because she is Syrian. Even though it has improved a little bit from our history, we still have a long way, as mentioned in the past chapter analysis.