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Painting by Alonzo Chappel in the mid-19th Century. The painting depicts lawmakers in a crowded chamber standing and addressing the room. The scene represents the heated discussions in Congress about whether new states should allow slavery or be free states.

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March 3rd, 1820. The Missouri Compromise

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March 3rd, 1820. The Missouri Compromise

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Significance: I think it’s politically important because it kept peace between the North and South for a while. It let Missouri join as a slave state and Maine as a free state. It also banned slavery north of the 36°30′ line. This helped keep the number of free and slave states equal. Even though it worked for a time, it didn’t solve the problem of slavery.

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Francis Bicknell Carpenter painted this. It depicts Lincoln presenting the first draft of the Emancipation Proclamation to his cabinet on July 22nd 1862.

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Significance: I think it’s politically important because it let people in new territories vote on whether to allow slavery. This canceled the Missouri Compromise and caused lots of fighting called “Bleeding Kansas.” It showed how divided the country had become over slavery. The violence made people realize how serious the issue was. It also helped create the Republican Party, which opposed slavery.

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Painting is from a 19th-century wood engraving created for newspapers. This painting depicts Dred Scott at the Supreme Court where the Court ruled that Dred Scott, an enslaved man who had lived in free states, was not entitled to freedom.

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March 6th, 1857, The Dred Scott Decision

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March 6th, 1857, The Dred Scott Decision

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Significance: I think it’s politically important because it said African Americans were not citizens and couldn’t sue in court. The Supreme Court also said Congress couldn’t ban slavery anywhere. This made the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. The decision made the North very angry and the South very happy. It pushed the country even closer to the Civil War.

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Francis Bicknell Carpenter painted this. It depicts Lincoln presenting the Emancipation Proclamation to his cabinet, marking a key step toward ending slavery during the Civil war.

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January 1st, 1863. Emancipation Proclomation

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January 1st, 1863. Emancipation Proclomation

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Significance: I think it’s politically important because it changed the Civil War into a fight to end slavery. It said enslaved people in Confederate states were free. This weakened the South’s economy and gave new purpose to the Union. It also allowed African Americans to join the Union army. The Proclamation gave hope to millions of enslaved people.

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Jacob Lawrence painted this. It's depicting the Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North in the 19th century.

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1869. Union Industrial and Transportation Advantage

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1869. Union Industrial and Transportation Advantage

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Significance: I think it’s politically important because the North had more factories, railroads, and supplies than the South. This helped them make weapons, food, and uniforms for soldiers. It also allowed the Union to move troops quickly when needed. These advantages helped the North win the war. It showed how important industry and transportation were to victory.

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 Paul Philippoteaux painted this. It shows Pickett's Charge the climactic Confederate infantry assault on July 3, 1863, against Union lines at the Battle of Gettysburg.

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July 1st 1863- July 3rd 1863. Battle of Gettysburg

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July 1st 1863- July 3rd 1863. Battle of Gettysburg

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Significance: I think the Battle of Gettysburg is politically important because it was a major turning point in the Civil War. The Union’s victory stopped the Confederate invasion of the North. It gave President Lincoln and the Union new confidence to continue fighting for freedom. The win helped lead to the push to end slavery. It also showed that the U.S. government would stay united no matter what.

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Thomas Kelly painted this. It shows a festive parade in Baltimore in May 1870, commemorating the passage of the 15th Amendment.

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Significance: I think the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments are politically important because they changed the country’s laws to protect freedom and equality. The 13th ended slavery, the 14th made formerly enslaved people citizens, and the 15th gave African American men the right to vote. Together, they helped rebuild the nation after the Civil War. They showed the government’s effort to make America more fair for everyone. These amendments became the foundation for future civil rights movements.

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Alfred R. Waud painted this. It shows freedom African Americans gathered at Freedmen's Bureau office after the Civil War.

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Significance: I think the Freedmen’s Bureau is politically important because it helped formerly enslaved people start new lives after the Civil War. It provided food, shelter, and medical care to those in need. The Bureau also built schools and helped African Americans get jobs. It showed that the government was trying to support freedom and equality. Even though it faced problems, it made a big difference in many lives.

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Alfred R. Waud painted this. It shows the rise of Southern resistance after the Civil War, when many white Southerners opposed Reconstruction and Black civil rights.

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Significance: I think the rise of Southern resistance is politically important because it showed how many white Southerners fought against Reconstruction. Groups like the Ku Klux Klan used violence to scare African Americans and stop them from voting. This resistance weakened the progress made after the Civil War. It made it harder for African Americans to gain equal rights. The government struggled to stop the violence and keep order in the South.

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Thomas Nest painted this. The painting shows the Compromise of 1877, a political deal that ended the Reconstruction. In exchange for making Rutherford B. Hayes president, federal troops were withdrawn from the South.

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Siginificance: I think the Compromise of 1877 is politically important because it ended Reconstruction in the South. The deal removed federal troops, which had been protecting African Americans’ rights. Once the troops left, white leaders took back control of Southern governments. This led to new laws that discriminated against African Americans. The Compromise showed how political deals can affect people’s freedom and equality.