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Cortes leaves cuba february 1519

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cortes arrives in Yucatan march 1519

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Veracruz is founded in april 1519, villa rica de la vera cruz

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cortés made alliances with the Totonac people of Cempoala,

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cortés formed a significant alliance with the Tlaxcalans, a powerful indigenous group hostile to the Aztecs

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Cortés launched a preemptive attack that resulted in a massacre of thousands of inhabitants

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November 1519, Cortés and his army entered Tenochtitlan the Spaniards were treated as honored guests but gradually took the emperor hostage to control the city.

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Cortés held Moctezuma captive to maintain control over Tenochtitlan

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La Noche Triste (The Night of Sorrows)-June 1520 .After Spanish soldiers killed Aztec nobles during a religious festival, a violent uprising broke out. Cortés and his forces attempted a nighttime escape from Tenochtitlan

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Cortés regrouped with his Tlaxcalan allies outside the city. He rebuilt his forces and planned a siege to capture Tenochtitlan.

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Siege of Tenochtitlan-Cortés and his allies laid siege to Tenochtitlan. The Spanish forces gradually weakened the Aztecs causing the fall of tenochtitlan