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Q1. What happens to the passenger when a moving car crashes and suddenly stops? 

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Q1. What happens to the passenger when a moving car crashes and suddenly stops? 

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When a moving car crashes and suddenly stops, the passenger continues moving forward at the car’s original speed due to inertia (Newton’s First Law). Without a seatbelt or other restraint, the passenger may collide with the dashboard, windshield, or be thrown out of the car, leading to serious injury or death.

An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force. The car stops, but the passenger doesn’t unless a force (like a seatbelt or airbag) acts on them.

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Q2. How do car safety features help reduce the force during a crash?

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Q2. How do car safety features help reduce the force during a crash?

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Car safety features such as seatbelts, airbags, crumple zones, anti-lock braking systems (ABS), and traction control work by either spreading out the stopping force over a longer body (airbags and crumple zones), or preventing collisions (ABS, traction control).

According to Newton’s Second Law (F = ma), if you increase the time over which the momentum is reduced, the force felt by the body decreases.

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Q3. Why are some parts of a car made to crumple in a crash (like the front and back)?

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Q3. Why are some parts of a car made to crumple in a crash (like the front and back)?

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These areas, called crumple zones, are designed to deform in a controlled way during a collision. By crumpling, they absorb kinetic energy and increase the time it takes for the car (and its passengers) to stop.

This reduces the force transmitted to the occupants, keeping them safer.

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Q4. If a car slows down before crashing, how does this affect the force on the body?

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Q4. If a car slows down before crashing, how does this affect the force on the body?

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If the car slows down before a crash, it has less speed and therefore less momentum. This means the impact force is smaller, and the risk of injury or death is greatly reduced.

A slower car has less momentum to transfer during a crash, leading to a smaller force needed to stop it.