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1. Problem identification

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2. Bibliographic search

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3. Data evaluation

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4. Data analysis

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Step 1 identifies the research topic: the definition of the topic must be clear and specific, in addition to including a description of the research problem.

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Step 2 sets clear objectives: they must be specific, measurable and achievable. Setting clear objectives helps maintain focus and ensure that your literature review is effective.

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Step 3 defines the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the studies: they must define characteristics that the studies must have to be considered relevant for the review.
And in turn, the exclusion criteria must define the characteristics that make the studies not relevant for the review.

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Step 4 perform an exhaustive search of the literature: search for relevant studies in specialized databases, search engines and bibliographic references of the selected studies

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Step 5 select relevant information: studies that meet the inclusion criteria defined above. Evaluate titles and abstracts that are relevant to the review

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Step 6 evaluate the quality of the selected studies: refers to the ability of the study to accurately measure the phenomenon of interest, while external validity refers to the generalizability of the results to other populations or situations

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Step 7 synthesis of information: it is important to highlight similarities and differences between studies and focus on relevant findings

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Step 8 organize the information: tables and diagrams can be used to summarize and classify the information. The review should include an introduction and justification of the literature review, a detailed description of the selected studies, a discussion of the results, and a conclusion.

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Step 9 write the literature review: it should include elements such as an introduction, a detailed discussion of the studies reviewed and finally a conclusion.

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5. Presentation.

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Personal Interest or Experience: This involves selecting a research problem based on personal interests, experiences, or curiosity. It could be related to something that the researcher has encountered in their personal or professional life, leading them to explore it further through research.

Previous Research: Problems can be identified by reviewing previous studies, identifying gaps in the literature, or finding areas that require further investigation. By examining existing research, a researcher can pinpoint areas that have not been fully explored or where there is conflicting evidence.

Theories: Research problems can also stem from existing theories. A researcher might want to test, refine, or expand on a theory, which can lead to formulating research questions or hypotheses to be explored.

Social Issues or Practical Problems: Problems that arise from societal needs, public interest, or practical issues in a particular field can also serve as a source of research problems. Researchers may identify challenges in society or within professional practices that need solutions, prompting them to investigate these issues through research

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It is known as one of the types of bibliographic review that aims to summarize the existing information about the phenomenon in an impartial and complete manner.

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A literature review is a process of analyzing and synthesizing existing research on a specific topic. Its main purposes are:

-To identify effective practices and validate approaches based on previous research.

-To explore a topic of interest, and validate or question assumptions.

-To detect gaps in the literature for future research.

-To provide a theoretical foundation for new research.

-To evaluate methodologies used in previous studies to design one's own research.

The process includes choosing a topic, deciding what to include or exclude, and translating the topic into key terms for searching for relevant studies.

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The purposes of a literature review

Identify effective practices based on previous research.

Explore a topic of interest and validate or challenge assumptions.

Detect gaps in the literature that can be investigated in the future.

Provide a theoretical foundation for new research.

Evaluate methodologies used in previous studies to inform the design of one's own research.

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The general purpose of a literature review is to analyze and synthesize existing research on a specific topic to identify patterns, effective practices, gaps in knowledge, and to provide a solid theoretical foundation to guide future research and decisions in the area studied.