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Ancient Civilizations BC-1200 A.D. (Justin)

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Ancient Civilizations BC-1200 A.D. (Justin)

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1.  How much air pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

During this time period air pollution was fairly common in large towns and it mostly came from the burning of animal manure, smoke, tanneries, and the burning of coal and wood.

2. How much water pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

Water pollution was not yet evident at this time, but it would become a problem later on when construction of factories began. Streets were filled with trash because of the lack of sewer drains.

3. How did humans get most of the energy they needed to survive?

During this period humans primary sources of energy were animals, wood, fire, and the sun but They would then shift away from that and use coal.

4. Was conservation being practiced anywhere in the world?  How?

Cultures of China, India, and Peru understood the impact of soil erosion and would practice terracing, crop rotation, and natural fertilizers to prevent it.

5. Why was lead poisoning a problem?

During this age only the wealthy  were able to eat and drink from cups and plates, but the pottery was glazed with lead which can be found in skeletons from cemeteries in Denmark.

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Middle Age and Renaissance (Justin and Khang)

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Middle Age and Renaissance (Justin and Khang)

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1.  How much water pollution was there? (Justin)

During this time water was often contaminated due to waste accumulation on the streets which would get into the water streams.

2. How much wood was being harvested?  What effects was this having? (Justin)

Much wood was being harvest due to the expansions of towns and the heating of homes.

3. In what ways was disease affecting the world? (Khang)

3 ways diseases could be passed on in 3 ways: simple contact, indirect contact (e.g., bedclothes), and minute bodies over distance through the air.

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1. What causes did people begin to take up to improve the world?

During the Enlightenment, people began to take up causes such as advancing knowledge and reason, advocating for individual rights and freedom, pushing for social reforms, and promoting economic progress to improve the world.

2. What did Thomas Malthus predict?

He predicted that population growth would eventually outpace food production, leading to widespread famine, poverty, and societal collapse unless population growth was controlled.

3. Give examples of new pollution affecting the world.

Air pollution that is created by the smoke, wastes from factories.

4.  Why did sanitation become so important?

Sanitation became crucial during the Enlightenment because rapid urbanization and industrialization led to overcrowded cities with poor living conditions, resulting in outbreaks of diseases that could only be controlled through improved sanitation and waste management.

5. How was the air pollution at this time?

Air pollution was becoming a significant problem during this time, especially in industrial cities, where the burning of coal created smog and soot, leading to unhealthy air quality and respiratory issues.

6. How was the water pollution at this time? (Khang)

Water pollution was severe during the Enlightenment, with rivers and streams being heavily contaminated by untreated sewage, industrial waste, and chemical runoff, making water sources unsafe and contributing to disease outbreaks.

7. What happened when the “Mother of the Forest” was cut down? (Alena)

The Mother of the Forest, a 2,500 year old and 300 feet tall sequoia, is chopped and put on display at carnivals. The public did not like the cutting of the tree. Some called it “vandalism” and “villainous speculation.”

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16. What types of reforms were occurring?

Reforms such as civil service reform, food safety laws, and increased political rights for women and U.S. workers were occurring.

17. What did Theodore Roosevelt fight for?

Theodore Roosevelt fought for major reforms such as direct primaries, campaign finance, civil service, anti-lobbying laws, state income and inheritance taxes, child labor restrictions, pure food, and workmen's compensation laws.

18. What new organizations were formed?

Many new organizations like the American Federation of Labor (AFL), the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the National Urban League in 1910, the Congress of Spanish Speaking People in 1939, etc. were formed.

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19.  What was the purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League?

The National Coast Anti Pollution League was formed to stop oil dumping.

20. What type of gasoline was used for the first autos?

The first autos used a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen for fuel.

21. What was the Chemurgy movement fighting for?

The Chemurgy movement fought for the idea of opening up industrial markets for farmers; promoting the manufacture of chemical, industrial and consumer products from agricultural raw material.

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22. What lead people to believe there was a air pollution crisis?

Smoke from factories came down as “dust-fall” which is thick pollution in the form of steel and zinc trapped in air. In 1948 Donora, Pennsylvania, the thick smoke killed 20 people, hospitalized 600, and made thousands sick.

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23.  What was the “burning river?”

In 1969, Cuyahoga river in Ohio burned from oil and chemical pollution. Its flames were 5 stories high.

24. What is the name of Rachel Carson’s book that started modern environmentalism?

Rachel Carson’s book is called Silent Spring written in 1962.

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25. What government agency is founded?

On December 2, 1970, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was founded by President Richard Nixon.

26. How was air pollution reduced?

On December 31, 1970, the Clean Air Act was enacted. It demanded the automobile industry to develop 90% pollution-free engines within a 6 year deadline. Most industries could not meet the standards due to poor technology and finances. Those automobile industries shut down and air pollution decreased along with it.

27. How was water pollution reduced?

Many acts were passed such as the 1972 Federal Water Pollution Control Act, Safe Drinking Water Act (1974), and the Soil and Water Conservation Act (1977).

28. What two new sources of pollution begin causing concern?

Mercury pollution in Minamata, Japan paralyzes many children. The “Minamata Disease” damages muscle control, vision, hearing, and speech. Another source of pollution is uranium and other radioactive wastes. In 1979, 90 million gallons of uranium spilled in Church Rock, Arizona.

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29. What major disasters occurred during this time? On March 13, 1982, the Rio Negro Massacres occurred in which 5,000 Mayan Achi people, 177 being children and women, were killed at Pak-o-shom in the mountains leading to the Rio Negro River.

30. What two major issues involving the Earth’s atmosphere arise?
Immense gasoline production causes pollution in the Earth's atmosphere. As well as the vital changes of over fishing on the local coast caused warnings from environmentalists and scientists.

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30. How did the Gulf War create pollution? Due to the War in Kuwait, half a million gallons of oil were burned on a daily basis during the oil fire disaster of 1991 The wells were consistently set on fire by the Iraqi army in the Gulf War. The final fire was lastly extinguished in November of 1991.

31. What does China construct that causes much controversy? The death of a million people was caused because of China three Gorge Dam

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33. What final act did President Clinton sign into law?

In 2001, Bill Clinton signed the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act which protected 58 million acres of national forest.

34. How does the Bush presidency handle global warming and climate change?

Bush handled global warming and climate change differently from the Kyoto Protocol. He enacted his own policy that reduced the intensity of greenhouse gases by 18% over 10 years.

35. How does the world react to leaded gasoline?

The worldwide health campaign sees leaded gases as a health hazard. Europe bans leaded gases.