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Personalized learning is a tailored approach to instruction that considers the students' unique needs and preferences. It customizes the expression of learning and assessment for each individual (Howton, 2022). Personalized learning connects with meeting the needs of all students because it is tailored to each individual's specific learning style, strengths, and interests. "It is the purposeful design of blended instruction to combine face-to-face teaching, technology-assisted instruction, and student-to-student collaboration to leverage each student's interests for deeper learning" (Howton, 2022). Personalized learning also meets the needs of all students because, with personalized learning, teachers can set the pace of instruction for each student. They can also tailor the instruction to each child's preferred learning style.

https://www.iste.org/explore/personalized-learning/turn-your-classroom-personalized-learning-environment

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Competency Based Learning - Competency-Based Learning is a significant shift in pedagogy that empowers students to make decisions about their Learning. It provides meaningful assessments, differentiated support and feedback, active Learning, and transferable knowledge and skills (Hudson, 2022). This model of Learning is more student-centered and promotes equity in the Learning of all students.

https://globalonlineacademy.org/insights/articles/an-introduction-to-competency-based-learning-what-why-how

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Standards-Based Grading- Standards-based grading works to ensure that grading is more equitable for all types of learners. It also ensures that instruction is data-driven and that feedback is given to guide learners to mastery. "Standards Based Grading ensures that grading is more meaningful, accurate, and fair. Behavior, homework, attendance, group work, and notebooks do not impact a student's grade. Instead, students are graded solely on the mastery of course content. This supports equity and can improve student motivation" (Beachboard, 2022)

https://www.edutopia.org/article/getting-started-standards-based-grading

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Inclusion is respecting the abilities of all students. “Inclusion is a belief that ALL students, regardless of labels, should be members of the general education community” (Readings Rockets, 2022). Teachers have a responsibility to accomodate their teaching to reach all diverse learners. Teachers can establish an inclusive classroom by modeling respect to each individuals unique abilities.

https://www.readingrockets.org/teaching/inclusive-classrooms

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Problem solving - Problem Solving -  Teachers can foster resilience by modeling problem solving skills. First, students should identify the problem. Next they should gather all the information. Then they should brainstorm possible solutions. Then they should plan and try it out. (Elias, 2019). Teachers should always provide opportunities for students to problem solve and model how to go through the steps. They should also model how if you fail, you can have a growth mindset and try again!

https://www.edutopia.org/article/problem-solving-elementary-school

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Critical thinking encourages learners to make connections and apply their thinking in new ways. Teachers should promote critical thinking in classroom environments. Teachers can ask students to interpret texts, incorporate different points of view, connect ideas, evaluate and synthesize information. “The aim of Critical Thinking is to promote independent thinking, personal autonomy and reasoned judgment in thought and action” (Singh, 2022).

https://rahuleducation.org/our-scribes/the-importance-of-critical-thinking-in-education/

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Mindfulness- Mindfulness education is essential for children, especially traumatized children, because it can help them identify and regulate their emotions and be more in harmony with the world around them. “Mindful people tend to focus more on the present instead of ruminating on the past or future, and they cultivate a curiosity towards their thoughts, emotions, or physical sensations” (Waterford, 2021). Practicing mindfulness in the classroom allows children to access their learning brain and promotes healthy coping mechanisms.

https://www.waterford.org/resources/mindfulnes-activities-for-kids/

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Metacognition is the practice of thinking about how you think and process information. “Reflecting on our own thoughts is how we gain insight into our feelings, needs, and behaviors — and how we learn, manage, and adapt to new experiences, challenges, and emotional setbacks” (Jacobson, 2023). Learning how our brain works and adapts, helps us open doors for new learning and new challenges.

https://childmind.org/article/how-metacognition-can-help-kids/

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Project Based Learning - Project based learning is a great way for students to engage in active learning. “Problem-based learning  (PBL) is a student-centered approach in which students learn about a subject by working in groups to solve an open-ended problem. This problem is what drives the motivation and the learning” (Cornell University, 2023). Project-based learning is an excellent way to integrate many standards and skills and promotes collaboration and cooperation.

https://teaching.cornell.edu/teaching-resources/engaging-students/problem-based-learning

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Differentiation -Differentiated instruction is a way to accommodate all types of learners. Each child hosts a different set of skills and abilities and has individual needs. There are many ways that teachers can differentiate the curriculum to support the needs of all learners. “The easiest way to build a bridge between differentiation and a curriculum is to try to embed opportunities for student choice. Even within the most complex programs, there can be room for students to make a decision with regard to their learning” (Nieves, 2018).

https://www.edutopia.org/article/differentiation-rigid-curriculum

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Learning is a personal experience for everyone. Each individual has different strengths, abilities, and challenges. Students impacted by trauma also need more support to foster resilience. Therefore, educators must adapt instruction to meet the needs of diverse learners. Educators also need to keep in mind that technology and student interest are constantly evolving. Teachers are responsible for customizing instruction to meet all learners' needs. Each of the strategies mentioned supports the unique needs of all children and endeavors to create a child-centered learning experience for all.

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1. How can educators promote critical thinking in the classroom?

2. What are effective ways to engage students in mindfulness activities?

3. How can teachers influence metacognition skills within the classroom?

4. How can educators meet the needs of all learners? What are effective differentiation strategies?

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Beachboard, C. (2022, April 5). Getting started with standards-based grading. Edutopia. Retrieved February 11, 2023, from https://www.edutopia.org/article/getting-started-standards-based-grading

Cornell University. (2023). Problem-based learning: Center for teaching innovation. Problem-Based Learning | Center for Teaching Innovation. Retrieved February 11, 2023, from https://teaching.cornell.edu/teaching-resources/engaging-students/problem-based-learning

Elias, M. J. (2019, January 23). Problem-solving in elementary school. Edutopia. Retrieved February 11, 2023, from https://www.edutopia.org/article/problem-solving-elementary-school

Howton, R. (2022, September 24). Turn your classroom into a personalized learning environment. ISTE. Retrieved February 11, 2023, from https://www.iste.org/explore/personalized-learning/turn-your-classroom-personalized-learning-environment

Hudson, E. (2022, January 11). An introduction to competency-based learning: What, why, how. GOA. Retrieved February 11, 2023, from https://globalonlineacademy.org/insights/articles/an-introduction-to-competency-based-learning-what-why-how

Jacobson, R. (2023, February 10). Metacognition: How thinking about thinking can help kids. Child Mind Institute. Retrieved February 11, 2023, from https://childmind.org/article/how-metacognition-can-help-kids/

Nieves, K. (2018, November 2). Differentiation in a rigid curriculum. Edutopia. Retrieved February 11, 2023, from https://www.edutopia.org/article/differentiation-rigid-curriculum

Reading Rockets. (2022, October 13). Inclusive Classrooms: A primer for teachers. Reading Rockets. Retrieved February 11, 2023, from https://www.readingrockets.org/teaching/inclusive-classrooms

Singh, M. M. (2022, June 13). The importance of critical thinking in education - rahul education. Rahul Education -. Retrieved February 11, 2023, from https://rahuleducation.org/our-scribes/the-importance-of-critical-thinking-in-education/

Waterford.org. (2021, October 22). 51 mindfulness exercises for kids in the classroom. Waterford.org. Retrieved February 11, 2023, from https://www.waterford.org/resources/mindfulnes-activities-for-kids/