# data[].attributes.headline
Pres. Andrew Jackson regarded the South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification as a clear threat to the federal union and to national authority. He reacted by submitting to Congress a Force Bill authorizing the use of federal troops in South Carolina if necessary to collect tariff duties.

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Pres. Andrew Jackson regarded the South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification as a clear threat to the federal union and to national authority. He reacted by submitting to Congress a Force Bill authorizing the use of federal troops in South Carolina if necessary to collect tariff duties.

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He reacted by submitting to Congress a Force Bill authorizing the use of federal troops in South Carolina if necessary to collect tariff duties.

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jackson regarded the south carolina ordinance of nullification as a clear threat to the federal union

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federal constitution and federal law generally take precedence over states laws and even state constitution

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the spirit of union prevailed, and Americans reached a compromise which avoided war. However, this crisis laid the groundwork for the secession theory that reemerged in the 1850s at a time of heightened sectional tensions.

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the spirit of union prevailed, and Americans reached a compromise which avoided war. However, this crisis laid the groundwork for the secession theory that reemerged in the 1850s at a time of heightened sectional tensions.

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Pres. Andrew Jackson declared that states did not have the right of nullification and asked Congress for authority to collect the tariff by force if necessary. Congress responded with the Force Bill. The law allowed the president to relocate customs houses and to require that customs duties be paid in cash.

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Pres. Andrew Jackson declared that states did not have the right of nullification and asked Congress for authority to collect the tariff by force if necessary. Congress responded with the Force Bill. The law allowed the president to relocate customs houses and to require that customs duties be paid in cash.

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individual states had a right to reject federal polices that they deemed

# data[].attributes.headline
Pres. Andrew Jackson regarded the South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification as a clear threat to the federal union and to national authority.

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Pres. Andrew Jackson regarded the South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification as a clear threat to the federal union and to national authority.

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that individual states had the right to reject federal policies they considered unconstitutional.

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the federal constitution, and federal law generally, take precedence over state laws, and even state constitutions.

# data[].attributes.subject
the federal constitution, and federal law generally, take precedence over state laws, and even state constitutions.

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Ultimately, the spirit of union prevailed, and Americans reached a compromise which avoided war. However, this crisis laid the groundwork for the secession theory that reemerged in the 1850s at a time of heightened sectional tensions.

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Ultimately, the spirit of union prevailed, and Americans reached a compromise which avoided war. However, this crisis laid the groundwork for the secession theory that reemerged in the 1850s at a time of heightened sectional tensions.

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although Jackson was sympathetic to Southerners who complained that protective tariffs damaged their interests, he refused to countenance threats

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although Jackson was sympathetic to Southerners who complained that protective tariffs damaged their interests, he refused to countenance threats

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federal government superior to state governments

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individual states had a right to reject federal policies that they deemed unconstitutional.

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individual states had a right to reject federal policies that they deemed unconstitutional.

# data[].attributes.headline
Pres. Andrew Jackson regarded the South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification as a clear threat to the federal union and to national authority. He reacted by submitting to Congress a Force Bill authorizing the use of federal troops in South Carolina if necessary to collect tariff duties.

# data[].attributes.subject
Pres. Andrew Jackson regarded the South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification as a clear threat to the federal union and to national authority. He reacted by submitting to Congress a Force Bill authorizing the use of federal troops in South Carolina if necessary to collect tariff duties.

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US Constitution provides for a federal government superior to state governments in regard to enumerated powers. 

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US Constitution provides for a federal government superior to state governments in regard to enumerated powers. 

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reject federal policies that they deemed unconstitutional.

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A staunch defender of the institution of slavery, and a slave-owner himself, Calhoun was the Senate's most prominent states' rights advocate, and his doctrine of nullification professed that individual states had a right to reject federal policies that they deemed unconstitutional.

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A staunch defender of the institution of slavery, and a slave-owner himself, Calhoun was the Senate's most prominent states' rights advocate, and his doctrine of nullification professed that individual states had a right to reject federal policies that they deemed unconstitutional.