# data[].attributes.body
URL:

https://www.tiktok.com/@greenfingers2024/photo/7347983894244855045

TITLE: Introduction to Improper Waste Management

AUTHOR: @greenfingers2024

DATE PUBLISHED: March 19, 2024

KEY INFO: Students from the Ateneo de Manila University show the importance of proper waste management through an infographic slideshow they call "trash talk" posted on the TikTok platform. It talks about its adverse effects including how infrastructure worsens this issue. It ends with a call to action to work together in solving this issue.

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URL: https://youtu.be/_O2e17baGe4?si=qEg1Gqvx8_pCeSDx

TITLE: How a Philippines plastic waste crisis spiraled

AUTHOR: Reuters

DATE PUBLISHED: June 22, 2022

KEY INFO: The production and consumption of cheap everyday products packaged in sachets have been one of the top sources of waste in the Philippines. These palm-sized pouches end up being thrown everywhere from streets to the ocean. This lead up to the plastic waste crisis the Philippines is facing today.

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How a Philippines plastic waste crisis spiraled

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URL: https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/how-davao-faces-its-garbage-concern?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR20JShv9v5KUAt8-1DKO_1ZVOk-dtVXdHPwuupBXxKdrRExreicEgi-S2M_aem_2Oc9TplNEgyf7b2DX_VKMQ

TITLE: How Davao Faces Its Garbage Concern

AUTHOR: Jennie P. Arado

DATE PUBLISHED: June 13, 2021

KEY INFO: EVEN before the pandemic, the city government of Davao and the different environmentalist groups were already anticipating the exhaustion sooner or later of the 11.75-hectare landfill the city currently uses in Carmen, Tugbok District.

The city's solution to this waste problem has been highlighted and publicized for several years.

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URL: https://mb.com.ph/2023/01/24/solid-waste-management-program-not-properly-implemented-in-davao-city-environmental-group/?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR10f-pEwCaD8mdfMoRMM0Y08uehfkysyZSn_rg0sPGB6BomySBL6YimWQ0_aem_hURxXC64xSYSOrsaDmxang

TITLE: Solid waste management program not properly implemented in Davao City – environmental group

AUTHOR: Antonio Colina lV

DATE PUBLISHED: January 25, 2023

KEY INFO: DAVAO CITY – Majority of barangays in Davao City do not properly implement the solid waste management program, Interfacing Development Interventions for Sustainability (IDIS) said on Monday.

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Solid waste management program not properly implemented in Davao City – environmental group

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Majority of barangays in Davao City do not properly implement the solid waste management program, Interfacing Development Interventions for Sustainability (IDIS) said on Monday.

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URL: https://www.jica.go.jp/english/overseas/philippine/information/press/2023/20240131_01.html?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR2i5McazXdVY4nagTSmcR5Uc49XcMjDbo8kzfNsUwuEcDIiEJInO7OU9KM_aem_MOXKQou-t1zCnH0Iwndszw

TITLE: Davao LGU picks up solid waste management lessons from Japan's Kitakyushu City

AUTHOR: Where We Work - JICA

DATE PUBLISHED: January 31, 2024

KEY INFO: The aim of Davao City’s partnership with the Japanese city is to establish solid waste management system in the target zone of Barangay Bucana through improving the segregation, collection and transportation systems for general waste and recyclables.

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Davao LGU picks up solid waste management lessons from Japan’s Kitakyushu City ｜ Where
We Work - JICA

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A team of government officials from Davao City hope to bring lessons from Japan’s solid waste management model into ongoing efforts to recycle solid wastes in Davao City.

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URL:

https://youtu.be/WO7ergWNsU4?si=TGYvoS-vRBd-jaFY

TITLE: DENR: P3.6-B grant ng EU layong mapabuti ang solid waste management ng 10 lugar sa PH | TV Patrol

AUTHOR: ABS-CBN News

DATE PUBLISHED: August 2, 2023

KEY INFO: The 3.6B from the Europe grant aims to improve waste management in 10 cities, specifically Baguio, Pasig, Quezon City, Caloocan, Davao, Ormoc, Samal Island, Metro Iloilo, Palawan, and Siargao. According to the video, the biggest challenge in managing solid waste management is the collection process. In addition to this, the fund and resources are being used to switch to renewable sources of energy.

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URL: https://dumaguetecity.gov.ph/2019/10/11/a-sincere-appeal-let-us-all-practice-waste-segregation-as-our-genuine-contribution-to-keeping-our-city-clean-and-healthy/

TITLE: DOABLE WAYS IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

AUTHOR: Dumaguete City | City of Gentle People

DATE PUBLISHED: October 11, 2019

KEY INFO: Practicing proper waste management by segregating waste into categories like glass, plastic, organic, e-waste, paper, and metal, creating compost from biodegradable materials, and avoiding the burning of garbage helps protect the environment, promotes recycling, reduces landfill waste, prevents harmful emissions that contribute to global warming, and complies with Republic Act 9003 to foster a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable community for everyone.

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8. Public Service Message or Promotional Video 

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8. Public Service Message or Promotional Video 

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBGruBc12ac&ab_channel=PTVDavao

TITLE: Kampanya sa proper waste segregation sa Brgy. Tacunan, Davao City, mas gipakusgan

AUTHOR: PTV Davao

DATE PUBLISHED: June 30, 2021

KEY INFO: The campaign for proper waste segregation in Brgy. Tacunan, Davao City, has been strengthened, with residents actively practicing waste segregation and recycling in their daily lives. As a result, they have significantly reduced the amount of waste they need to throw away, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable environment in their community.

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Kampanya sa proper waste segregation sa Brgy. Tacunan, Davao City, mas gipakusgan

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URL: https://mindanaotimes.com.ph/eco-bricks-davao-citys-community-led-solution-to-address-plastic-marine-pollution/

TITLE: ECO-BRICKS: Davao City’s community-led solution to address plastic marine pollution

AUTHOR: Joel Escovilla

DATE PUBLISHED: May 23, 2024

KEY INFO: The Bantay Dagat Volunteers Association in Davao City transforms plastic and glass waste into eco-blocks and paver bricks, providing income for coastal families. A P5 million Japanese grant funded recycling machinery. Despite waste management challenges and cultural habits, the initiative recovers significant waste and plans to automate production for expansion. It addresses pollution while promoting economic and environmental benefits.

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A GROUP of dedicated volunteers is turning the tide on marine pollution by collecting PETs, glass bottles, and disposables and upcycling them into eco-blocks and paver bricks not only to protect the Davao Gulf but also provide additional income to poor families living on the waterfront.

The Bantay Dagat Volunteers Association of Davao City has taken an innovative approach to tackling the global issue of marine pollution, transforming weekly collected ocean and river trash into valuable construction material.

The Bantay Dagat Volunteers Association was established in 2017 through Executive Order No. 5 signed by then-mayor and now-Vice President Sara Duterte. It was initially envisioned to clean the shorelines by diligently collecting waste from various parts of the city, replicating the success of the Bantay Bukid in protecting the city's forests from illegal loggers and poachers.

Mr. Raffy Bermejo, the association president, said they approached families in coastal communities to become volunteers. "At first, they did not know there was an honorarium. So, their motivation was to help clean their surroundings. We make sure not to uproot the volunteers from their community, so they could really see the difference in their hard work."

The Ancillary Services Unit, under the Office of the City Mayor, monitors and pays the volunteers P1,000 each for three hours of work every Saturday.

When they were just starting, Mr. Bermejo said most of the marine waste they collected ended up in the sanitary landfill after being turned over to the City Environment and Natural Resources (CENRO). However, he saw the same cycle of inefficiency repeated when the system itself was broken.

He explained, "Before, we donated or sold plastic recyclables to junk shops. The problem was they turned us away when the processor had a supply surplus. At the same time, the junk shops also wouldn't accept our items when their storage was full. What do we do with our weekly collection?"

So, the volunteers turned over the marine waste to CENRO, which dumped them at the sanitary landfill. Unfortunately, scavengers picked up these plastic bottles and tried to sell them to junk shops and since they wouldn't buy anymore, the same PETs ended up on the shore as marine litter.
Trash to cash
In 2022, the group stumbled upon an opportunity that would change its trajectory forever and, hopefully, make a dent in the marine pollution problem that Davao City grapples with. The Bantay Dagat Volunteers Association secured a P5 million grant from Japan, through the United Nations Healthy Oceans and Clean Cities Initiative (HOCCI), after its project proposal to make eco-blocks was approved.

The association used P1.3 million from the fund to purchase the crusher and shredder from China with the help of a local fabricator. They also bought a bottle crusher from a local fabricator for P300,000 and a hollow block maker and mixer at P80,000 each.

Now, all plastic waste is transported to the association's 1,000-square-meter recycling facility in Daliao, Toril, about 15 kilometers from downtown Davao.

The PET and glass bottles are shredded and crushed before being added to the mixture of cement and sand to make hollow blocks and paver bricks. For each sack of cement, five kilos of shredded plastic is added, which can only produce 80 hollow blocks, which sell for P13.00 apiece. For pavers, the ratio of sand and crushed bottles is 60:40.

Eventually, the association plans on also processing plastic sachets by stuffing them into the PET bottles before feeding them into the shredding machine. But Mr. Bermejo said they haven't found the perfect formula yet considering they only started on September 30, 2023, and the last quarter of last year was spent testing and perfecting their production.

"Cleaning the sachet is a meticulous process since you will clean each one to clear all the sand and debris. If not, they will dull the blades of the machine. Our machines use twelve 18-inch blades, which need to be sharpened regularly," he said.

"But I know how plastic sachets contribute to marine pollution, so that's our next task," he added.
No mean feat
The association's job is not easy.

Davao City has 34 coastal barangays stretching 60.1 kilometers from Barangay Lasang in the north and Barangay Sirawan to the south. These communities hug the Davao Gulf with a land area of 520,000 hectares and cover all Davao provinces.

Apart from the canals and drainage, the city also has the Davao River, the third largest in Mindanao, and several tributaries that wash junk, detritus, sweepings, and other debris to the shore.

So, every week, around 350 volunteers-armed with sacks, sticks, and their signature green uniforms-trek to the coast and begin the laborious (and sometimes thankless) task of picking up PETs and other waste from the shore. They also have certified divers cleaning the ocean floor.

"We conducted a waste analysis and characterization study with Ridge to Reef Consultants, and the plastic recovered in one Saturday is 24% of the total waste," Mr. Bermejo said. "So, in 950 kilos, 216 kilos of that is plastic."

Of the 24% of recovered marine plastics, 80% comprises PET bottles and 6% is glass.
A Typical Saturday Morning
The soft-spoken Bantay Dagat coordinator Marlon Elumbra has been busy barking orders to the volunteers to ensure that no trash is left behind at their clean-up point in Barangay 76-A, one of the highest population of coastal dwellers in the city. While he talked sternly and authoritatively to the volunteers, he reserved his charm for the residents.

"We are not here to make enemies. It's difficult to convince the residents living along the coast to be more responsible with their waste. Although the barangay has a collection point, it would mean walking all the way to the designated area when they could simply dump the trash from their homes to the sea," he lamented.

The volunteers started before 6 a.m., taking advantage of the low tide to cover as much ground as possible. By the end of their three-hour shift, the group collected 50 sacks of trash, with six carrying plastic bottles that would be delivered to the recycling facility for shredding.

Mr. Elumbra is responsible for five coastal barangays and rotates the volunteers every Saturday according to need. They have dedicated workers who will visit each (hamlet) to take photographs of the accumulated marine waste and file a report, which would then become the basis for scheduling a clean-up.

Mr. Elumbra said the project is a double-edged sword as residents feel unruffled about throwing their trash anywhere, knowing CENRO workers and Bantay Dagat volunteers will clean up after them.

"Of course, this area would be littered with trash again the next time we come here," he said. "It's a never-ending cycle unless the residents change their mindsets."

The coordinator then shepherded the volunteers next to the sacks of collected waste for the final photo documentation to prove they had finished their task for the day. "We did our job here, but the barangay officials and the residents must do their share for our oceans. This is not for us but for the next generation," he said.
A monumental problem
On average, Davao City generates more than 600 tons of waste daily, comprising 50% biodegradable, and 29% residuals, and the rest are recyclables and special waste. However, the volume easily shoots up to 1,000 tons during special occasions like the Kadayawan Festival or the Araw ng Dabaw primarily due to visitor influx.

In 2022, the City Environment and Natural Resources (CENRO) rolled out 12 garbage compactors the city government purchased at P10 million each. The new trucks, capable of hauling eight tons of waste, boosted its fleet from the previous three to 15. To ensure it reaches the last barangay, the city government also rented 100 trucks from private companies to augment its daily waste collection.

Nevertheless, garbage trucks could not logistically serve far-flung barangays due to the sheer distance. For instance, Barangay Buda, which borders Bukidnon province, is about two hours away from downtown. Presently, garbage trucks only make regular trips to about 125 of the 182 barangays.

According to CENRO, unserved households either burn, compost, recycle, or throw their waste anywhere.

Davao City has about 500 recycling companies and junkshops, including the informal sector, which help recycle or reuse 60,000 tons of waste yearly. But these private companies, along with the city's efforts, are clearly insufficient judging from the 950 kilos of PETs and sachets the volunteers collect from the ocean and shore each week.

According to a World Bank study, the country produces 2.7 mln tons of plastic waste annually, and 20% of these end up as marine pollutants. The " tingi-tingi " culture also contributes to 163 million sachet pieces used daily.

Meanwhile, Duke's Nicholas Institute ranked the Philippines third among the top plastic pollution contributors globally, generating 2.7-5.5 metric tons annually. With zero interventions, researchers anticipated plastic waste to reach nine million tons by 2040.
Lax implementation
Atty. Mark Peñalver, executive director of Interface Development Interventions for Sustainability, points to insufficient mechanisms in enforcing landmark laws like the Solid Waste Management Act and the Single-Use Plastics Ban Ordinance as the biggest culprit.

RA 9003 (The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act) mandates the 3R or Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Under the law, residents must segregate and sort their waste at-source. So, biodegradable waste would have been composted and recyclable materials handed over to the barangay's Material Recovery Facility (MRF). This also explains why the volume of garbage, or 500 grams daily, contributed by each resident has not shrunk.

Unfortunately, only eight of the 182 barangays have a functional MRF and households do not practice composting, Peñalver said.

There are nearly 500,000 households in Davao City and they contribute 80% of the total waste emptied by garbage trucks at the 3.8-hectare sanitary landfill in Barangay New Carmen in Tugbok District, some 15 kilometers from the downtown area.

"Among the most obvious problems we've seen are the collection points. If properly managed, the collection point should be fenced to ward off stray dogs and scavengers," Peñavler said.

Apart from open dumping where residents simply throw trash on a vacant lot, the location of the collection point is also a concern due to the absence of a buffer from the nearest canal. "So, if the truck is delayed, there is a danger of runoff, especially during rains," he said. "When trash reaches the canals, they eventually end up on the ocean."

The environmental group sees the relaxed enforcement of the Solid Waste Management Ordinance. In 2021, the lawmakers passed City Ordinance 0706-21, which increased penalties for non-segregation of garbage from P300 to P500. Erring business establishments, meanwhile, face a P5,000 fine for a similar violation.

Barangay officials are also deputized to issue citation tickets to violators, including residents who don't follow the designated schedule for dropping trash at the collection points.

Peñavler said the "No to Single-Use Plastics Ordinance" was passed in 2021 and was supposed to be fully implemented in 2022. However, until now the CENRO still hasn't released the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR).

The ordinance only covers cutleries, cups, egg trays, straws, and other non-biodegradable materials that eventually wash out to the sea. While grocery stores and shopping malls have transitioned to "biodegradable plastics," IDIS said it's not addressing the problem since they eventually break down into microplastics.

He also said the No to Single-Use Plastics Ordinance does not cover sachets and chichiriya (junk snack) packages.

"Instead of sachets, we are pushing for refilling stations at grocery stores, which is already being done in Quezon City. Eventually, the refilling stations will cascade to the (sundry) stores to be nearer to the consumers," he said.

In 2021, IDIS conducted a four-day Waste Assessment and Brand Audit, ranking the top brands with the most number of throwaway plastic waste, of the city's rivers. The group found that the products of Coca-Cola, Rebisco, Liwayway Holdings, Procter and Gamble, Unilever, Nestlé, JBF Food Corp., Monde Nissin, NutriAsia, and Universal Robina Corporation make up the nearly 4,000 pieces of PETs, sachets, glass bottles, plastic bags, and toiletries collected.
Davao Eco-Blocks and Paver Bricks
Mr. Bermejo explained that while the city government was instrumental in forming the association, the extent of support they receive is limited for the allowance of the volunteers.

"Our recycling facility does not receive financial support, so we have to work hard to cover the cost of maintenance and operations," he said.

For instance, to keep the selling price competitive, the association did not compute the energy cost of making the eco-blocks and eco-bricks. The shredder is a 20-horsepower machine requiring a three-phase electrical supply to run. In addition, they need to hire experts to sustain product quality.

These experienced hollow-block makers work as freelancers who collect P220 per sack. Unfortunately, their services are very much coveted, meaning the association sometimes loses them out to other companies.

He said the market is not the issue, considering they have backlogs and even had to turn away orders because the association could not meet the demand. For instance, he turned down the order for 5,000 pieces considering they could only produce 2,000 from their maximum yield of 800 pieces daily. However, they could only make 180 pieces daily due to a shortage of experts.

The problem is the monthly bills are rising in the meantime while the association gets bogged down by its inability to go full blast in its operations. Presently, he estimates that they need at least P60,000 for property rent, maintenance, operations, and utilities alone, excluding manpower. And the only solution he saw was to automate their operations to avoid overreliance on human labor.

Fortunately, the association became a beneficiary of a P1.5 million grant from the Department of Labor and Employment XI, which involves a fully automated machine that will enhance the facility's production capacity.

"The machine we will get from DOLE is semi-automated, so we no longer require experts. The only manual labor involves loading the sand and mixture," he said.

The daily yield for the semi-automated machine is 3,700 blocks, which can extend to 4,100 in eight hours of operation. Mr. Bermejo also shared that they might receive two more similar automated machines from DOLE XI under the same program, allowing the association to triple its production potential to at least 12,000 blocks daily.

"With that capacity, I am no longer reluctant to market our products under the brand name Davao Eco-Blocks and Paver Bricks because I know we can meet our orders," he said.

For now, the association relies on word-of-mouth advertising. Eventually, when the automated machines are fully operational, Mr. Bermejo plans on reaching out to the Philippines Institute of Civil Engineers where he has been a member for 12 years, as well as the local government units in the region.

"The LGUs are now developing eco-parks. So, what if they use our paver bricks and hollow blocks? Then, literally, you can proudly say that this is an eco-park because we use recycled blocks and bricks here," he said.
(This story is part of a micro-grant from FYT Media and the Philippine Network of Environmental Journalists following a climate solutions and capacity enhancement training workshop on November 23-24, 2023, in Baguio City).
REFERENCES:

1. Davao City Comprehensive Development Plan (2018-2022). Ecological Profile (Volume 1). https://cpdo.davaocity.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Ecological-Profile-2018-2022.pdf

2. CENRO (May 2016). Collaboration Program with the Private Sector for Disseminating Japanese Technology for Waste-to-Energy System in Davao City . JICA. https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12302113.pdf

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ECO-BRICKS: Davao City's community-led solution to address plastic marine pollution

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7U-7C2Nhfgs&ab_channel=NicoleAndreLuczon

TITLE: Looking Into the Solid Waste Management of Purok Sto. Niño, Buhangin, Davao City –Environmental Vlog

AUTHOR: Nicole Andre Luczon

DATE PUBLISHED: December 21, 2020

KEY INFO: This vlog focuses on exploring my locality's approach to solid waste management and how small, consistent actions contribute to addressing larger environmental challenges. By reflecting on the passage, "By small and simple things are great things brought to pass" (Alma 37:6), I realized that solving global environmental problems begins with individual choices and efforts within our homes and communities. It emphasizes that the greatest solutions to pressing environmental issues often stem from the collective impact of small, mindful decisions made locally.

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Looking Into the Solid Waste Management of Purok Sto. Niño, Buhangin, Davao City –Environmental Vlog

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URL:

https://www.coa.gov.ph/reports/performance-audit-reports/2023-2/solid-waste-management-program/

TITLE: Solid Waste Management Program

AUTHOR: Republic of the Philippines Commission on Audit

DATE PUBLISHED: May 2, 2023

Key Info: The infographic shows data on the increase in generated solid waste. The DENR mandated RA 9003 to reduce solid waste generation, but instead, it has done the opposite through the years. According to the Commission of Audit (COA), inconsistent implementation of waste segregation and waste diversion was the leading cause of the slow buildup of solid waste.

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URL:

https://www.davaocity.gov.ph/solid-waste-management/davao-city-firms-up-campaign-for-shoreline-protection/

TITLE: Davao City firms up campaign for shoreline protection

AUTHOR: CIO Admin

DATE PUBLISHED: May 6, 2024

KEY INFO: The Davao City Government is intensifying efforts to address waste management in coastal areas through community dialogues, anti-dumping campaigns, CCTV installations, and house-to-house awareness drives. With the support of the Bantay Dagat Program and volunteers, the city aims to strengthen coastal clean-ups and promote environmental discipline.

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Davao City firms up campaign for shoreline protection - City Government of Davao

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Various local government departments of the City Government convened and dialogued with coastal communities last April to explore interventions amid reports of garbage dumping and persisting open defecation. Ancillary Services Unit (ASU) Head Paul Bermejo, during the I-Speak media forum on Thursday, said that the local government offices’ attention was called after a report of […]

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13. Non-Government or Academic Institution Article

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13. Non-Government or Academic Institution Article

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URL:

https://ovpaa.up.edu.ph/2023/07/future-solid-waste-management-systems-in-davao-city-should-prioritize-plastic-waste-treatment/?fbclid=IwY2xjawH65UJleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHaUTeyDAWFBvsayVoQHrwrVNSLA3ROcYSBbBF-m4rqi1s6lULhurkvTMPA_aem_3KcmBH1rldyLwsXwk3Fwew

AUTHOR: Alice Ross T. Morta, Ph.D.

TITLE: Future solid waste management system in Davao City should prioritize plastic waste treatment

DATE PUBLISHED: July 20, 2023

KEY INFO: The article discusses the need for Davao City to prioritize plastic waste treatment in its future solid waste management systems. It highlights the growing problem of plastic waste, the importance of effective management, and the role that research from academic institutions can play in shaping public policy and waste management strategies. The article stresses that improving plastic waste management is crucial for environmental sustainability and urban health.

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Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs - University of the Philippines System

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Future solid waste management system in Davao City should prioritize plastic waste treatment - Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs - University of the Philippines System

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To reduce adverse environmental impact, municipal solid waste management (MSWM) practices in developed countries are adopted in developing countries without fully considering several locality-specific issues that may hinder the full implementation of these projects. This article illustrates the current and future municipal solid waste management systems in Davao City set in years 2017 and 2027 […]

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URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNh1UDiKsfg

TITLE: IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL - A DOCUMENTARY FILM (GEC131 Xx3 - Group 2)

AUTHOR: MOHAMADFAHD, JONAIRA E.

DATE PUBLISHED: December 16, 2024

KEY INFO: Students from Mindanao State University were interviewed about the effects of improper waste disposal, sharing their perspectives on its environmental and health impacts. They highlighted the need for stronger waste management systems, community involvement, and sustainable solutions to mitigate the issue.

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IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL - A DOCUMENTARY FILM (GEC131 Xx3 - Group 2)

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URL: https://www.facebook.com/kapalongcollegeofagriculturesciencesandtechnology/videos/816893726956775

TITLE: NSTP WEBINAR SERIES NO.8 (SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND REDUCTION)

AUTHOR: Kapalong College of Agriculture, Sciences and Technology

DATE PUBLISHED: September 26, 2022

KEY INFO: The Kapalong College of Agriculture, Sciences, and Technology hosted NSTP Webinar Series No. 8 on Solid Waste Management and Reduction, focusing on strategies to minimize waste and promote sustainability. The webinar highlighted practical solutions, community involvement, and best practices for effective waste management.

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Solid Waste Management &  Improper Waste Disposal Disorders and Dengue Awareness | #SolidWasteManagement& ImproperWasteDisposalDisordersand
#DengueAwareness
 #Ligtasangmayalam #DepEdTayo #DepEdTayoBulacan #DEPEDCSJDM | By Rose Camping | Facebook