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Description and Example: The right to freely express themselves and say whatever they so choose without punishment from government. Freely speaking about political stances is an example of freedom of speech

Court Case: Tinker v. Des Moines - This case students the freedom to express themselves and their ideals in school peacefully and set the precedent that students shall not be punished for freely expressing themselves inside a school building

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Description and Example: Citizens have the right to own a weapon and government can't infringe on that right. An example of this is people being able to own and use guns under certain restrictions.

Court Case: Columbia v. Heller - this court case ruled that there is a need for individual and home protection by use of weapon if necessary

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3rd Amendment - Prohibits Quartering of Soldiers in Public Buildings

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3rd Amendment - Prohibits Quartering of Soldiers in Public Buildings

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Description and Example: This amendment states that the government can't force citizens to keep soldiers in their house and shelter them. It is now illegal for soldiers to stay inside a persons home by government order.

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4th Amendment - Protect Individuals from Searches and Unwarranted Seizures 

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4th Amendment - Protect Individuals from Searches and Unwarranted Seizures 

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Description and Example: This States that citizens shall not be searched or seized as well as any property of their own unless there is a specific order by warrant or probable cause. Cops can't search inside someone's home unless they have a warrant or probable cause to go inside and search

Court Case: Olmstead v. United States - this court case involved police wiretapping potential suspects and accomplices but the issue whether this was a violation of the 4th amendment was brought in

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5th Amendment - Protection Against Self Incrimination 

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5th Amendment - Protection Against Self Incrimination 

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Description and Example: This protects the right to remain silent if questioned by officers and the right to keep information to yourself. If you're arrested then you have the right to remain silent

Court Case: Miranda v. Arizona - In this case Miranda was arrested and taken into custody and before being interrogated he was not informed of his rights. The interrogation ended with written and oral confessions which could no longer be used because they were given involuntarily

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9th Amendment - Rights in the Constitution Don't Deny Other Rights People Have

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9th Amendment - Rights in the Constitution Don't Deny Other Rights People Have

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Description and Example: This amendment protects right that citizens have that are not explicitly written in the constitution. These mostly include individuals decisions such as what you decide to do with your body and where you go

Court Case: Griswold v. Connecticut - Connecticut passed a law that stated it was illegal to any drug, medical device or other methods as a contraceptive. Griswold was arrested for violating this law because they opened a birth control clinic. Supreme court ruled that this was a violation of the 9th amendment and marital privacy applied here.

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7th Amendment - Protects Rights in Civil Cases 

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7th Amendment - Protects Rights in Civil Cases 

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Description and Example: This protects a citizens rights inside of court to require and uphold a jury and their decision. When inside court for criminal cases a jury is required and their decision must be respected.

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10th Amendment - Powers Not for the Government are Reserved for States 

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10th Amendment - Powers Not for the Government are Reserved for States 

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Description and Example: This states that any powers that are not specifically reserved from federal government are left up to the states hands or the citizens themselves. An example of this is marriage laws. Marriage between people and how it is conducted is decided by state and not federal government as it is not explicitly stated in the Constitution.

Court Case: Bond v. United States - this case cemented the idea that the 10th amendment protects individuals and they can bring the 10th amendment to challenge a federal law that restricts liberties.

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Description and Example: Every citizen has the right to a fair and speedy trial by way of jury and public trial. Criminals in court have the right to get a hearing and a jury trial to ensure impartial judgement. They also have the right to be appointed an attorney if they can't afford one

Court Case: Gideon v. Wainwright - In this supreme court case, Gideon did not have the means to afford an attorney and had to represent himself during trial which ended up with him being found guilty and sentenced to 5 years in prison. He fought this and made his way up to the Supreme court claiming that he should have been appointed an attorney as well as it being a violation of his constitutional rights

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8th Amendment - Prohibits Excessive Bail and Unusual Punishments

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8th Amendment - Prohibits Excessive Bail and Unusual Punishments

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Description and Example: Protects citizens from cruel and Unusual punishment. This could include criminal Punishments such as the death penalty or excessive fines and bails placed.

Court Case: Grahm v. Florida - in this court Case the supreme court decided that it was a violation of the 8th amendment to give someone the death penalty punishment for a crime they committed as a minor