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To be submitted by 11th July.

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To be completed and submit by 25th April.

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To be completed and submitted by 25th April.

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Qn 12 pt1

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Qn 12 pt2

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Qn 12 pt3

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To be completed and submit by 18th April.

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To be completed and submit by 18th April.

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Qn 13

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Nutrition in humans qn 7

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To be completed and submit by 11th April.

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To be completed and submit by 11th April.

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Qn 5b

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Structured question 7a

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Structured question 6b

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Qn 6a

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(I'm not sure how to further elaborate the part b)

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To be complete and submit by 4th April

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The small intestine is adapted for digestion and absorption, with the duodenum mainly for digestion and the ileum for absorption. In the duodenum, pancreatic enzymes such as amylase, protease and lipase. Bile are added; bile neutralize the acidic food from the stomach to give an alkaline pH for enzymes to work best, and peristalsis helps mix the food with these juices. The ileum is adapted for absorption with a large surface area due to folds, villi and microvilli, a good blood supply to carry away glucose and amino acids, and lacteals to absorb fats; its wall is one cell thick to allow faster diffusion. The epithelial cells lining the villi have microvilli to further increase surface area, many mitochondria to provide energy for active transport, and enzymes to complete the final stages of digestion.

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Homework to be submitted by 20th June.

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(a)

pulse rate: 2 minutes

breathing rate: 3 minutes

(b)

During vigorous exercise, muscle cells contract more frequently, which increases their overall demand for energy. To meet this demand, the rate of aerobic respiration increases to release more energy, requiring a higher supply of oxygen and glucose while producing more carbon dioxide as a waste product. Consequently, breathing rate increases to absorb oxygen faster and remove carbon dioxide from the lungs, while pulse rate increases to pump blood more quickly, ensuring the rapid delivery of these essential nutrients to the active muscles and the removal of metabolic waste.

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Submit by 18 July.