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abrasion is when skin is scraped against a rough surface

the top layer of skin wears away, exposing numerous blood capillaries

increases the probability of infection

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- occur when a blunt force is delivered over a sharp bone or a bone that is poorly padded, giving a wound the appearance of a jagged-edge-cavity

may also result in skin avulsion

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wounds with smooth edges

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- puncture wounds can easily occur during physical activities and can be fatal

direct penetration of tissues can introduce the tetanus bacillus into the bloodstream, possibly making the athlete a victim of lockjaw

all severe lacerations and puncture wounds should be referred immediately to a physician

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- alvusion wounds is skin torn from the body

associated with major bleeding

to reattach the torn tissue, the avulsed tissue should be placed on moist gauze, preferably saturated with saline solution

should be taken along with the athlete to the hospital for reattachment

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Open wounds should be cared for immediately

All wounds should be treated as though they have been contaminated with microorganisms

must be cleaned, medicated, (when called for), and dressed as soon as possible

To minimize the chances of infection, the wound should be cleaned with copious amounts of soap and water or a sterile solution

avoid using hydrogen peroxide and bacterial solutions initially

occlusive dressings provide a complete barrier around and over a wound and are air-tight and water-tight

saline solutions are recommended for cleaning wounds repeatedly

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Deep lacerations, incisions, or occasionally puncture wounds may require some sort of manual closure using sutures

Physician determines the severity of the wound and whether sutures are needed to close the wound

Sutures should be put in within 12 hours following injury

Fine suture material and minimal tightening limit any additional tissue damage inflammation, and scarring

Physician may decide that the torn tissues may be approximated using steri-strips, butterfly bandages, or skin glue

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a standard of set guidelines to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens from exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials.

hand hygiene

protective equipment

sharps safety

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pain, heat, swelling, and disordered function

pus may form due to the accumulation of white blood cells

-fever may occur as the immune system flights bacterial infection

Wounds can be treated with antibiotics