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Federalism focuses on constituent units, or states, and their relationship with the central power.

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COVID-19 rocked the world once it spread globally, and had a severe impact on education and the future of education. It forced schools to close for public health and safety, and led to the development of online learning.

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U.S.A. Reaction to COVID, and its Effect on Education

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U.S.A. Reaction to COVID, and its Effect on Education

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All states were forced to modify their systems of education, switching everything online, and most moved to completely online education.

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States Reaction to COVID-19 with Education

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States Reaction to COVID-19 with Education

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Only 2 states didn't close down their schools, which were Wyoming and Montana. The central government encouraged shutting down, and moving to online learning from the home, if a cluster of COVID cases were recognized in a school or district.

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The central government issued a Returning to School Roadmap, to help states organize the process of returning to in-person school. The Roadmap focuses on the health and safety of students and staff, building support for returning students, and accelerating academic achievements.

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While the central government did enforce guidelines, and sponsor research to determine how safe school would be, the state governments were left to create their own courses of action, within the guidelines the government set. States with higher overall populations reacted more severely, like New York and California, while states with smaller populations, like Utah or Wyoming, didn't shut down as soon or for as long.

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Local governments, like city councils and school boards, managed the reaction to COVID-19 even more, as they were able to get more in depth than even the state government. Just because one school had an outbreak of COVID, doesn't mean the entire state should shut down. The school board and city councils would work together to figure out the best course of action for their jurisdiction, which could be intensely personalized, while also following the state and central government guidelines.

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The central government's reaction to COVID-19, concerning education, was a very generalized base line, so that state and localized governments could get more specific with their responses to COVID outbreaks in schools.