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A baby learns how to sense who and what is safe. This is the most important stage of development for all children as they learn how to handle the world. 

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My husband Nathan overcame mistrust by a realization of someone in his life stealing from him. He was 13 years old when a close uncle to him turned to drugs and stole his personal fishing gear and sold it to get drug money. He realized that people who are important and actually want to be in his life will not steal from him. He learned to protect himself by not letting said uncle back in to make the same mistakes. The text books quotes "need to develop a balance between trust, which lets them form intimate relationships, and mistrust, which enables them to protect themselves" (Page 150).

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Children learn to be independent without feeling guilty for wanting to try new things. 

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Nathan's mother stated that at the age of 2, he wanted to play with toys but needed a diaper change. She removed him from playing with his toys to change him and he started the throw his first temper tantrum. He threw himself down and gave himself a nurse's elbow. He tried a tantrum for the first time and overcame this by the injury he received which led him to doubt the next tantrum. The textbook states "Toddlers need adults to set appropriate limits, and shame and doubt help them recognize the need for those limits" (Page 156).

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When a child wants to try new activities but may get overwhelmed by guilt. 

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Nathan states he does not recollect a time that he has experienced this particular stage. To my knowledge of him, I came up with this scenario on my own. At the age of 13-14 he learned to ride dirt bikes and developed a love for speed. Since then, he has told me he wants to go fast when he drives sometimes. We have a 2 year old son and he said he overcame this initiative by putting our sons safety first. The textbook states "how to regulate these opposing drives develop the virtue of purpose, the courage to envision and pursue goals without being unduly inhibited by guilt or fear of punishment" (page 210).

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When a child is learning a new skill to fit in with their surroundings so they don't feel rejected. 

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Nathan's friends all rode dirt bikes while he watched on the sidelines, occasionally trying out one of his friends bikes. So at the age of 13-14 he picked up extra chores around the house and worked for the money to purchase one of his own. He learned to ride the dirt bike and learned all the tricks his friends knew and was accepted into the group that rode at a local track. He overcame inferiority by working to achieve what his friends already could do so he would fit in more with them. He eventually grew to love it. The textbook states "If children are unable to obtain the praise of others or lack motivation and self-esteem, they may develop a feeling of low self-worth" (page 275).

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When an adolescent is trying to find out who they are, and overcoming senses of confusion of sense of self. 

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Nathan states he never a sense of who he was or what his role in life was. Not until our two year old son was born. Once our son was born, he said our son helped to shape him into the man he is and find his sense of worth in the world. He overcame the sense of confusion when he got the role of father and protector. The textbook states "seeks to develop a coherent sense of self, including the role she or he is to play in society" (page 336).

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When an adolescent or young adult tries to make commitments to others to avoid isolation from everyone. 

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Nathan states he never had friends growing up and mostly just had family. This was until he met me, his wife, at the age of 17. He overcame self isolation when our relationship started. He stated he felt comfortable and safe around me so he opened up and trusted me and our relationship grew from there. The textbook states "Commitments can be held after they have been deeply considered or after crisis, or they can be adopted without much thought put into them" (Page 337).

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When an adult is worried about bringing up future generations and feels personal guilt. 

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Nathan does not feel he has met this stage. Personally, I disagree. I have seen him worry about if we have enough money, a good home, safety, and enough food to bring up our son. He works a swing shift, up to 90 hours a week just to provide for us. He has overcome stagnation by being a hard working man who makes sure his family is well taken care of. He went through issues and questions of who was staying around and what life will look like when he was younger, and doesn't want our children to wander the same. The textbook states "remembering things that happened in the past and thinking about things that are going to happen in the future can affect how you feel" (Page 276).

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When an elderly person accepts how life was and can look back on life happily, or be upset and want to go back and relive and change how things were. 

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Nathan actually hit this stage at the age of 10 instead of an elder. He hit this stage when his maternal grandmother passed away unexpectedly after surgery. He developed a sense of separation anxiety from his paternal grandmother afraid that if he was away from her, she would pass away too. He had to overcome this by therapy. Therapy taught him to accept that she is gone and look back at all the good things that happened with them. She will always be with him and to always remember that. The textbook states separation is defined as "distress when a familiar caregiver leaves him" (page 153).

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Mortorell, G. (2023). Child (3rd ed.). McGraw Hill LLC.
(Pages 150, 156, 210, 275, 335, 337, 276, 153)