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Oil spillage is an accidental release of oil into a body of water, as from a tanker, offshore drilling rig, or underwater pipeline, often presenting a hazard to marine life and the environment.

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Oil spills are more common than you might think, and they happen in many different ways. Thousands of oil spills occur in U.S. waters each year. Most of these spills are small, for example when oil spills while refueling a ship. But these spills can still cause damage, especially if they happen in sensitive environments, like beaches, mangroves, and wetlands.

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Who pays for oil spill cleanup and restoration? 

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Who pays for oil spill cleanup and restoration? 

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The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 established (among other things) that those responsible for oil spills can be held responsible to pay for cleanup and restoration.

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greasy flammable usually liquid substances from plant, animal, or mineral sources that do not dissolve in water and are used especially as lubricants, fuels, and food

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Habitat losses may alter migration patterns and disrupt life cycles of animals and result in erosion of shorelines.

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Oil spills are hazardous as the marine ecosystem is affected, and the marine life-forms existence gets unnecessarily threatened. Since oil exploration from oceanic resources has become a must, and oil spills occur accidentally, it becomes important to employ various oil spill cleanup methods. Oil is one of the most abundant pollutants in the oceans.

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The use of oil booms is a popular method of controlling oil spills. Equipment called containment booms acts like a fence to prevent the oil from further spreading or floating away.

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Once the oil has been confined by using oil booms, skimmers or can be deployed onto boats to remove the contaminants from the water surface.

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Sorbents are materials that soak up liquids by either absorption or their adsorption. Both these properties make the process of clean up much easier.

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In situ burning, or ISB, is a technique sometimes used by people responding to an oil spill. In situ burning involves the controlled burning of oil that has spilled from a vessel or a facility, at the location of the spill.

When conducted properly, in situ burning significantly reduces the amount of oil on the water and minimizes the adverse effect of the oil on the environment.

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Dispersants, also called dispersing agents, are chemical agents used to break up oil into smaller droplets in the water column. Dispersants can be applied on surface oil or below the surface, closer to an uncontrolled release of crude oil from a well blowout source.

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How can a spill affect your community? | Oil Spills | Damage Assessment, Remediation, and Restoration Program

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Oil spills can happen any place where oil is being extracted, transported, or stored. The magnitude of harm from a spill is determined by many factors, including the amount and type of oil, location, season, weather, and actions taken to clean up the spill. Some examples of common effects are:

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On rocky shores the high pressure, hot water technique is very efficient in terms of freeing the rocks from oil.

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Manual recovery is the most common method of shoreline cleanup and involves teams of workers using rakes, shovels, and other tools to remove oil and debris.

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Bioremediation is any process that uses decomposers and green plants, or their enzymes, to improve the condition of contaminated environments.

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Oil spills can result in closures of beaches, parks, waterways, and recreational and commercial fisheries.

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What are the chemicals of concern in seafood after an oil spill? Scientists have determined that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the chemicals in oil that are most likely to accumulate in seafood. PAHs also pose the greatest potential health risk to people who eat oiled seafood.

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Air pollution from fossil fuels is can lead to respiratory, cardiovascular and other diseases and is responsible for more than 13 percent of deaths in people aged 14 and older. Fossil fuel development can also leak toxic substances into the soil and drinking water sources, causing cancer, birth defects and liver damage.