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Located in South Africa named after explorer Bartholomew Dias.

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The second longest river in Africa behind the Nile.

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Main river of Western Africa, moves through the countries of Niger and Mali.

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World's Largest Africa Desert.

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Society: Located in Southern Africa. Led by Warrior Shaka, British Empire took them over.

Social and Cultural Patterns: Practice of indigenous religion, characterized by ancestral spirits and the use of magic, occurred.
History passed through oral tradition in the indigenous language.

Political System: Ruled by a monarch with centralized power over a bureaucracy.

Economic System: Economy based entirely on agriculture and livestock

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Society: Traded with Portugal and other Europeans for weapons and maintained independence from Europeans.

Social and Cultural Pattern: Influence of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam through trade.
Differences in religion and European interaction caused conflict.

Political System: Ruled by a monarch centered on Christianity.

Economic System: Economy based on trade of gold, ivory, and frankincense across Sahara Desert and overseas.

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Society: Greatest University for learning-Timbuktu-13th -16th c-ideas of Astronomy, Medicine, and mathematics.

Social and Cultural Patterns: While Islam was practiced by rulers, most of the people remained loyal to their indigenous religions.
Because of trade relationships with foreign nations and empires, Songhai was a cultural center of Africa, including cities like Timbuktu.

Political System: Ruled by an absolute monarch who commanded the military and controlled an imperial bureaucracy.

Economic System: Economy based on trade of slaves and gold to North Africa across the Sahara Desert and overseas.

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Society: Kingdom located in West-Central Africa created trade with Portugal.

Social and Cultural Patterns: Portuguese missionaries were successful in converting rulers to Christianity, resulting in the conversion of the entire kingdom.
The art of Kongo was elaborate, using wood, cloth, and terra-cotta.

Political System: Ruled by a monarch with centralized power over a bureaucracy.

Economic System:  Economy based on agriculture, metallurgy, and trade of ivory and slaves.

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Society: Located in West Africa, Traded with Portugal with Gold and Slaves.

Social and Cultural Pattern: Practice of indigenous religion and use of indigenous language.
Threats from European invasion and other African Empires created a militaristic society.

Political System: Elimination of clan traditions in favor of a unified government under a central leader.

Economic System: Economy based on trade of slaves and gold to North Africa across the Sahara Desert and overseas.

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Part of Northeastern Africa includes the countries of Somalia and Southern Ethiopia.