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On April 12, 1861 the Confederate forces opened fire on Fort Sumter the US surrenders.

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Rifles and cannons had become more powerful, accurate and deadly proving old fighting tactics obsolete.

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South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia,Louisiana,Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina were the first states to secede.

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Was an abolitionist who, during the 1800’s, spoke out against the cruelty of slavery through her eloquently written Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

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Slaves would break tools an fences, work slowly. The slaves would also pretend to be dumb clumsy, blind and other things to get out of doing work.

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Some were free about 253,000 which is 6%. Most were slaves 3.75 million.

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What worried the northerners and the Southerners

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What worried the northerners and the Southerners

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Northerners were concerned that if Missouri entered the union as a slave state, other territories would be admitted as slave states. Southerners worried that if Congress banned slavery in Missouri it would end everywhere.

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This compromise was from 1820-1821.This tried to keep the states balanced.

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The Utah and New Mexico's slavery status was determined by popular sovereignty.

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The Missouri Compromise added Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state to keep a balance.

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This was a new political party created by abolitionists. This caused tons of controversy.

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This said that people who hid or helped runaway slaves would be fined and/or arrested. Fugitive slaves could not be testify. Slaves were returned to their masters down south.

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There were better roads, efficient railway system and faster steamboats and river travel

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This canal made it easier to move west and filled gaps in the nation's system of transportation.

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There were some new inventions like mores code, Morse telegraph key

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Poor sewage systems, filthy streets and no clean drinking water turned into the spread of disease. There was also city wide fires and over crowding.

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The Underground Railroad was a network of safe houses and secret routes to let African American slaves escape

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People rose awareness about abuse and domestic violence. It gave women a voice.

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Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Stanton spoke out for women's rights.

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Hoarce Man led the education movement

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Dorothea Dix helped campaigning for prison reform because the prisons were poorly heated, had cramped conditions and other problems.

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An abolitionist is a person who favors the abolition of a practice or institution, especially capital punishment or (formerly) slavery.

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a philosophy emphasizing that people should transcend, or go beyond, logical thinking to reach true understanding, with the help of emotions and intuition