# data[].attributes.body
The Sapien TAV, was manufactured by Edwards Lifesciences to prevent patients that are too old or too sick from having open heart surgery. The idea for the Sapien was first introduced by Charles Dotter based on his inventions of the cardiac catheter and angioplasty; the Sapien was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in November 2011 (MacRae, 2011).

# data[].attributes.body
Here is a live action video of the TAV being inserted.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
TAVR Procedural Animation Using the SAPIEN 3 Ultra System

# data[].attributes.body
This video details the engineering specifications of the Sapien XT model.

# data[].attributes.body
There are currently three models: Sapien 3 Ultra (pictured below),  Edwards Sapien 3 and Sapien XT.

# data[].attributes.body
Edwards Lifesciences. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=2&v=31OTfK63H-E

Edward Lifesciences. (n.d.) Tavr with the sapien 3 valve: Life is waiting. Retrieved from https://www.edwards.com/devices/heart-valves/transcatheter-Sapien-3

Edward Lifesciences. (n.d.) Sapien xt valve. Retrieved from https://www.edwards.com/devices/heart-valves/sapien-xt-valve

Edwards Lifesciences. (n.d.). Transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Retrieved from https://www.edwards.com/therapies/transcatheter-aortic-valve-replacement-tavr

MacRae, M. (2011). Visualizing the sapien heart valve. Retrieved from https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/bioengineering/visualizing-the-sapien-heart-valve

# data[].attributes.body
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement with the "SAPIEN 3 valve demonstrated 75% lower rates of 30-day all-cause mortality and disabling stroke compared" to open heart surgeries (Edward Lifesciences, n.d.).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Edwards SAPIEN 3 Valve - Simple. Predictable. Proven.

# data[].attributes.body
Thank you Dr. Dotter.