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In this section of the book the main character is introduced Fern. She is a student at a middle school in a small town. She faces many hardships. She lives in an unstable home with her step father(Toivo) and two younger brothers(Alexi and Mikko). Her mother and other siblings passed away in a car crash in the previous year. Fern also has an important STEM project for her science class, that she can't think of a topic for. Another part of the story is that the forest and land that her family rely on for food is being destroyed for natural gas fracking by her grandfather's company.  The forest is owned by a man name Milner who has a pack of hunting dogs. Fern favors one of the dogs and names him Ranger

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In the book fracking is mentioned by the science teacher but not clearly defined yet. This photo is a brief description of how it works. Click to enlarge photo.

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These chapters set the major scene of the novel. One major issue in the book is that Fern's stepfather is in a constant battle at trying to keep custody of Fern and her two brothers. Their grandfather who is wealthy is trying to take the kids away from Tovio. The grandfather would be considered one of the antagonists. At the end of this section Toivo considers getting a job with the fracking company in order to support the family financially. Fern does not like this because she cares about all the animals and plants in the woods.

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Fern and her friend start working on their STEM projects. They work on the projects are her friends house. Her friend decides to do her project on fracking and how the process works.Fern still can't decide what the topic of her project should be. Fern, her friend and their little brothers end going to explore the fracking site to get a better understanding of what is happening. The children almost get caught by workers on the site and run away from the fracking site but discover that Ferns step dad is now getting a job with the fracking company. This is upsetting to Fern.

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The last section Toivo brings home groceries and school supplies which has never happened before. Fern knows that Toivo is working for the fracking company. This is hard for Fern to understand, because of her love of the forest. Fern works and finishes her STEM project her brothers help decorate without her permission but decides to leave the silly decorations which are deer antlers. The STEM project fair begins. Fern and her best friend setup their STEM projects next to each other and are nervous for the questions that the graders are going to ask. They both end up doing well and many people are interested in the projects. Fern does not win 1st place but her friends does. Due to the STEM projects and petition created by Mr. Flores the company is put on hold for destroying the forest ecosystem. Also Milner brings Fern a puppy that was from Ranger’s litter. The book ends with Fern and her brothers staying with Toivo because he has a stable job. Fern and her brothers do have to stay with their grandpa for one weekend of the school and two weeks during the summer.

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This is a article with some good statistics and reasons why companies such as the one in the book need to stop using fossil fuels as a source of energy. In the article their is specific statistics about natural gas fracking and how it harms the environment in multiple ways.

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As young climate activists, frightened for their futures, meet with world leaders at the United Nations Climate Action Summit on Monday, oil and gas industry executives are conferring to grapple with the stark, existential choice their industry faces. As they attended a cocktail reception at the Gramercy Park Hotel Sunday, several dozen climate protesters gathered outside.

In some countries, like Britain and the United States, natural gas together with renewables is displacing coal. But the oil and gas industry overall faces a tough road ahead.

The global economy must reach net-zero emissions by 2050 at the latest. This is not a dream or an ideology. It is an imperative. The consequences of not reaching that goal are so threatening to life on this planet that we cannot even contemplate the possibility of failure.

And yet oil and gas companies plan to spend $50 billion to extract new reserves of fossil fuels. That expenditure ignores the inevitable reality of the carbon-constrained future already underway.

The shelf life of these companies in their current form may be more than five years - but is certainly no more than 30. Roughly one third of global oil demand is estimated to come from cars, which we need to electrify within the next 10 to 15 years. And natural gas, currently playing a major role in power generation, faces increasing competition from renewables, which have a predictable marginal cost: zero. They also have zero emissions and rising public demand for them, and will soon be buttressed by their own competitive battery storage capacity.

Markets have started their flight not only from coal, but also from oil and gas. Only one oil company, Exxon Mobil, is among the ten most valuable global companie s by market capitalization. FTSE Russell recently reclassified oil and gas companies on the London Stock Exchange as "nonrenewable." This matters because investors use the FTSE classifications to determine whether to divest from certain polluter stocks. The giant Norwegian sovereign wealth fund recently agreed to dump an estimated $5.7 billion in oil and gas investments. The European Investment Bank - the world's largest multilateral lender and the biggest provider of climate finance - has proposed ending the financing of fossil fuel infrastructure, including for gas, after 2020. And a $20 billion Danish pension fund is removing the top 10 major oil companies from its portfolio because their long-term business models are incompatible with the Paris climate agreement.

Another threat to the oil and gas industry is the negative stigma that has made it unattractive as a career choice for many young people. Any industry depends on fresh thinking and new capacities, and oil and gas may find it increasingly difficult to attract or retain that vital asset. Unless the industry can reinvent itself quickly it may follow the path of electric utilities. They failed to appreciate the depth and speed of the energy transition; now they find themselves struggling.

The global climate strikes and the Climate Action Summit make this an auspicious moment for the oil and gas industry's Climate Initiative to lead the transition of their industry. If it is to continue beyond 2050, it can no longer be an emitter of greenhouse gases or sell products that are.

In the short term, oil and gas companies must prove their commitment to net-zero emissions by 2050. To do so, they should eliminate methane emissions and withdraw from direct or indirect lobbying efforts against climate change regulation.

The industry must also stop building new capacity and instead finance substantial reforestation around the world. Planting billions of trees is one way to tackle the climate crisis. The world's forestland can expand by nearly a third - an area roughly the size of the United States - without affecting cities or agriculture.

At the same time, leadership by governments is critical. As the industry prepares itself for the low-carbon world by investing in clean innovation and retraining workforces, governments must set the long-term path. Some governments already have concrete plans, but many more must do likewise. Those plans will need to ensure that the price of fossil fuels reflects their true cost for the planet and society, which means ending fossil fuel subsidies and taxing pollution. New training and educational programs are also essential for workers as the industry transitions to a cleaner future.

We need to unite behind the science that tells us the world is warming dangerously from the burning of fossil fuels and put the carbon back where it belongs: in biomass and in the soil.

Christiana Figueres (@CFigueres), the convener of the climate group Mission 2020, was executive secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change from 2010 to 2016.
The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We'd like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some . And here's our email: letters@nytimes.com.

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Opinion | For Our Future, the Oil and Gas Industry Must Go Green

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As young climate activists, frightened for their futures, meet with world leaders at the United Nations Climate Action Summit on Monday, oil and gas industry executives are conferring to grapple with the stark, existential choice their industry faces. As they attended a cocktail reception at the Gramercy Park Hotel Sunday, several dozen climate protesters gathered outside.

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This section of the book starts off with Fern walking in the woods and she notices a speeding truck for the fracking company. The truck is headed right for her little brothers who are playing in the road. Ranger comes to the rescue and runs in front of the truck before it hits the boys, but Ranger get ran over in the process and is severely injured. The boys end up falling in a ditch the process and one of them is sent to the hospital and ends up having a broken arm. Another important part of this section is that Mr. Flores the Ferns science teacher is taking photos of the woods and trying to start a petition against the removal of the forest. Fern gets the idea to create a field guide for the forest for her STEM project. Also at the end of this section child protective services comes to check on Fern and her brothers living conditions with Toivo, it goes well.

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This detailed video will help students visualize exactly how hydraulic fracking works and the mechanics of the process.

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Maybe you've heard that we have a bit of an energy crisis?

With tumultuous gas prices and dependence on unsustainable fossil fuels at a high, there's a desperate need to find alternative energy sources. And let's be honest, most energy producers wouldn't be upset to simply find more sources of fossil fuels, either.

Hydraulic fracturing -- or hydro fracking, or just plain fracking -- is one way that we can get at "hidden" reserves of natural gas, petroleum -- even water. It sounds extremely complicated (and is, in fact, a pretty cool feat of science and engineering), but fracking is a fairly simple process. Way far underground (we're talking some 7,000 feet/2,133 meters below the surface), rocks like shale can hold gases, water or oil in their pores. Hydraulic fracking moves that resource from the pores of the rocks to production wells [source: ProPublica].

It's done by creating horizontal "veins" off a vertical well, and then pumping that horizontal well full of water (plus sand and some chemical additives) at an extremely high pressure. This causes fissures in the rock that branch off, releasing gas, oil or water into the cracks created. The gases and oils are forced into the horizontal wells and then flow up to storage tanks with the water that comes back up.

So it's smooth sailing from there! The world gets to grab some hard-to-reach energy resources and everybody wins, right? Except, of course, the process is extremely fraught with environmental and safety concerns. From allegations of groundwater contamination to reports of decimated land, critics have a growing list of fears when it comes to hydraulic fracking.

In this article, we'll dig down deep to detail the mechanics of hydraulic fracking. We'll also look into the effects -- both positive and negative -- that fracking can bring to the environment and communities, while peering into the future of fracking.

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Maybe you've heard that we have a bit of an energy crisis? With tumultuous gas prices and dependence on unsustainable fossil fuels at a high, there's a desperate need to find alternative energy sources. And let's be honest, most energy producers wouldn't be upset to simply find more sources of fossil fuels, either.

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By understanding what a forest ecosystem provides for the environment students can understand why Mr. Flores is trying to protect this land. This photo explains how forest take in carbon dioxide and how deforestation is major issue worldwide.

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This article relates to the field guide that Fern creates and has information about edible mushrooms and plants in deciduous forest ecosystems. The students could read this article and learn about fungi and what type of organism they are.

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Deciduous forests are filled with diverse plant life. A deciduous forest's range of plant species depends on the region where it is located. However, any given deciduous forest has some edible plants. It is absolutely necessary that you have a guide on plant species if you are looking for edible plants in the wild. Although there are many potential food sources in the forest, there are also many poisonous plants as well.

Common Jujube

The common jujube grows in deciduous forests as either a tree or a large shrub, depending on the region and how much water is available. This plant has spiny branches. It produces an edible fruit that is reddish-brown or yellowish-green in color. The smooth fruit is 1-1/4 inches in diameter and tastes sweet. The pulp is drier than in many fruits, and it features a large stone in the middle. The pulp can be crushed in water to make a refreshing beverage. You can also sun-dry the fruit once it is ripe. Common jujube fruit is rich in vitamins A and C.

Puffball Mushrooms

Puffball mushrooms come in giant and small sizes. These mushrooms have a solid, white, fleshy interior that becomes porous with age. They are characterized as having large, round "heads" and short stalks that are quite thick. Puffball mushrooms have been described as having a rich flavor, although some people have described the taste as being bland. These mushrooms can be cooked and eaten just as any other edible mushroom. Exercise caution when hunting for puffball mushrooms, particularly the smaller species. The Pigskin Poison Puffball mushroom and the Destroying Angel mushroom are highly poisonous lookalikes. Cut any puffball mushroom you find in half to examine the insides. If your mushroom is safe, there should be no unusual stalk, gill, cap or other tissue differences that would indicate that it is not a safe puffball.

Tree Nuts

Some deciduous trees produce nuts that are edible for both animals and humans. The Shagbark hickory tree produces flowers that grow in clusters that form into nuts. These nuts fall to the ground once they are ready to be eaten. The nuts feature a thick husk that takes some effort to get through. The interior flesh has a sweet taste and is a good source of protein. The American beech tree is another nut-producing plant. The nuts fall to the ground once they have ripened to edibility. They contain protein and other nutrients.

Wild Berries

Blueberries, raspberries and blackberries all grow wild in the deciduous forest. These berries looks similar to their domestic counterparts that are sold in grocery stores, although they are often smaller. These berries grow on shrubs and are favored by birds and bears. As with any wild plant you find that you believe to be edible, you should consult a guide before eating wild berries. Do not eat any berries you are unsure of. Some plants produce berries that are potentially toxic to humans.

About the Author

Sarah Clark has been writing since 1997, with work appearing in Northern Arizona University's "Student Life Organization Newsletter." She holds a B.A. in anthropology with a minor in art history from Northern Arizona University.

Photo Credits

Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images

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Edible Plants That Live in the Deciduous Forest

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Deciduous forests are filled with diverse plant life. A deciduous forest's range of plant species depends on the region where it is located. However, any given deciduous forest has some edible plants. It is absolutely necessary that you have a guide on plant species if you are looking for edible plants in the wild.