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Begin as small springs seeping from the gorund

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Freshwater tributaries, occasional ponds or swamps
and forest streams and small rivers are found

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Very fertile because TDFs give rise to asifols, or brown-forest soils, which are moderately leached soils and have high fertility.

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Between 30 and 60 inches of precipitation per year

Precipitation happens year round

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Chipmunk takes shelter in the tree protecting it from predators. The tree is benefited from the chipmunk taking seeds from the it and disperses them, increasing its population.

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Mutualism

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Moss thrives on the barks of oak trees. Nothing happens to the tree but the moss is saved from choking due to the leaf litter.

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Commensalism

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Laetiporus sulphureus is a fungus that sucks in the nutrients from the oak tree preventing the oak tree from getting the nutrients it needs.

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Parasitism

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https://www.google.com/search?q=temperate+deciduous+forest+description&safe=active&rlz=1C1GCEA_enUS831US831&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=kTdnaJO0VSExyM%253A%252CyUD29TW8Ad0K1M%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kQU6gnLGN0mAyJzZO1lrLCEkrUuFA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjuy8_s-ejhAhXmmq0KHZ7WB30Q9QEwAHoECA0QBg#imgrc=CyQ1L2EUTkgQVM:&vet=1

https://www.google.com/search?q=temperature+range+of+the+temperate+forest&rlz=1C1GCEA_enUS831US831&oq=tempertaure+ranges+of+teh+tempera&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0l2.17930j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

http://www.nhptv.org/natureworks/nwep8c.htm/redfox.htm

https://sciencestruck.com/examples-of-symbiotic-relationships-in-deciduous-forest

https://sciencing.com/soil-types-temperate-deciduous-forests-7489160.html

https://sciencing.com/bodies-water-deciduous-forest-8358643.html

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The animals that live in these forests must be able to adapt to changing seasons

Some animals,though, migrate or hibernate in the winter

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Insects

Spiders

Slugs

Frogs

Turtles

Salamanders

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Broad-winged Hawks

Cardinals

Snowy Owls

Pileated Woodpeckers

Bald Eagles

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White-tailed Deer

Raccoons

Opossums

Porcupines

Red Foxes

Beavers

Chipmunks

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The average temperature in temperate deciduous forests is 50°F . Summers are mild, and average about 70°F , while winter temperatures are often well below freezing.

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A forest found between the oceans and arctic regions in the area of space with the widest seasonal changes, the temperate zone. Also known as TDF

4 distinct seasons

nutrient rich soil

long growng seasons

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1st Zone: Tree stratum

2nd Zone: Sapling or small-tree layer

3rd Zone: Shrub layer

4th Zone: Herbal layer

5th Zone: Ground layer

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NORTH AMERICA

ASIA

EUROPE

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60 to 100 ft, high

Maple

Ash

Elm

Beech

Other trees

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Shadbush

Dogwood

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Rhododendron

Azaleas

Mountain Laurel

Huckleberries

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Spring boomers

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Lichens

Mosses