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The debate of whether the personality of a person or the situation they are in , affects their behaviour, has recently come to light. This research is relevant in 2019 because tody's society is more interested in learning about personality and behaviour. Therefore my research article will be an interest to psychologists and adults. Habit formation is the process by which new behaviours become automatic. Sigmund Freud's analytical theory suggests that seeming irreversible influences from childhood can be overcome in adults. Conformity is the tendency to adjust one's thoughts, feelings or behaviour in ways that are in agreement with those of a particular group or individual. The theory of behaviourism refers to a psychological approach which emphasises scientific and objective methods of investigation. Solomon Asch and Philip Zimbardo were two psychologists who conducted experiments on personality changes and conformity.

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The debate of whether the personality of a person or the situation they are in , affects their behaviour, has recently come to light. This research is relevant in 2019 because tody's society is more interested in learning about personality and behaviour. Therefore my research article will be an interest to psychologists and adults. Habit formation is the process by which new behaviours become automatic. Sigmund Freud's analytical theory suggests that seeming irreversible influences from childhood can be overcome in adults. Conformity is the tendency to adjust one's thoughts, feelings or behaviour in ways that are in agreement with those of a particular group or individual. The theory of behaviourism refers to a psychological approach which emphasises scientific and objective methods of investigation. Solomon Asch and Philip Zimbardo were two psychologists who conducted experiments on personality changes and conformity.

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It is predicted that the situation of a person is more influential in determining a person's behaviour and that social pressure on an individual may lead the individual to change his/her behaviour in accordance with the group.

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It is predicted that the situation of a person is more influential in determining a person's behaviour and that social pressure on an individual may lead the individual to change his/her behaviour in accordance with the group.

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To see whether brutality among guards and the behaviour of prisoners is due to sadistic personalities of the guards or due to prison environment.

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21 men, that did not know each other prior to the experiment, were randomly assigned into prison guards and prisoners.
The prisoners were referred to by a number and the guards were given sunglasses to keep the identities unrevealed as much as possible.
The prisoners were treated like every other criminal and the guards were instructed to do whatever was necessary to maintain law and order, but physical violence was not permitted.

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Psychology Today. (2019). Habit Formation | Psychology Today Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/basics/habit-formation [Accessed 5 May 2019].
Mcleod, S. (2019). Theories of Personality | Simply Psychology. [online] Simplypsychology.org. Available at: https://www.simplypsychology.org/personality-theories.html [Accessed 5 May 2019].

Mcleod, S. (2019). Type A and Type B Personality Theory | Simply Psychology. [online] Simplypsychology.org. Available at: https://www.simplypsychology.org/personality-a.html [Accessed 5 May 2019].

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The prisoners adapted to the prison environment but soon started to rebel against the guards.
The prisoners were insulted and given petty tasks to do by the guards.
A test done after the experiment showed that the prisoners referred to themselves by their number instead of their real name.
The guards said that the only way they could prevent the prisoners from 'crossing the line' was by giving them punishments.

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The prison environment was an important factor in changing the behaviour of prisoners and guards. The brutality among guards was due to the prison environment. Therefore the findings support the theory that the environment is more influential in determining a person's behaviour.

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To investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform.

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A line judgement task was performed by putting a naïve participant in a room with 7 confederates.
The 7 confederates all knew what their responses were prior to the experiment.
Each person had to state which line was most similar to the target line.

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32% of the participants gave incorrect answers on critical trials.
56% of the participants gave incorrect answers on 10 out of 13 trials.
When interviewed after the experiment, most of them said that they did not believe their answer, but went along with the group, with the fear of being ridiculed.

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Group pressure can affect an individual to believe that the majority is right and they themselves are wrong. Therefore the findings support the theory that social pressure on an individual can change their behaviour, in order to fit in with the society

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The hypothesis that the situation is more influential in determining a person's behaviour was evident in both Stanford prison experiment and Asch conformity experiment. It was also depicted that social pressure on an individual may lead into a behavioural change in them.

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The hypothesis that the situation is more influential in determining a person's behaviour was evident in both Stanford prison experiment and Asch conformity experiment. It was also depicted that social pressure on an individual may lead into a behavioural change in them.

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Both the experiments were based on scientific ideas because they both used an appropriate research method to collect data and relating it to a question or problem of interest and then summarised the data to draw justifiable conclusions about it.
The experiments lack population validity because both used males of a particular age group and this information cannot be generalised to the female population or other age groups. They also lack ecological validity because the guards and prisoners were playing a role and this cannot be generalised to the same factors that affect behaviour in real life. In the conformity test, an artificial task was used to judge the behaviour and cannot be generalised to real- life factors.
Although the results obtained and the conclusions drawn helped in psychological research, it cannot satisfy the society as a whole. It will only benefit the psychologists and the male population.

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In the prison experiment, participants playing the role of prisoners were not protected by physical harm and distress caused by the experiment. There was also the lack of fully informed consent by participants.
Similarly, in the conformity experiment, the participants were not protected from psychological stress. The participants were also deceived saying that they were a part of a vision test.
Overall, both experiments have not completely adhered to integrity and ethical considerations.

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The two sources support my hypothesis that the situation that a person is in, is more influential in determining a person's behaviour and that social pressure on an individual has an impact on conformity. In order to extend the investigation, I could investigate about the social experiments based on non - scientific ideas and see if they give the same result. Although the conclusions I have drawn cannot be generalised to the whole society, it will benefit in future psychological research.