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Reduce the impact of wasted food and other unwanted organic material e.g Horticulture waste

Reduce the amount of organic waste decaying in a landfill --> reduced methane emission and pests

Creates fertilizers that can be used in soil revitalization and improve crop yield

Reduce the need for chemical fertilizers

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A method to recycle the resource from organic waste. Based on the natural process of decomposition of organics by bacteria and other microorganisms

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Generally C/N 30:1 but can vary based on material

At a higher ratio, it results in insufficient nitrogen that would slow the growth of the microbes leading to the slow down of the composting process.

At a lower ratio, it results in excessive nitrogen that would cause the release of ammonia gas --> unpleasant odour

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reduce methane emissions

Reduce carbon footprint

prevent from pollution

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they breakdown green materials and household garbage (organic) and turn it into forms that are easier for common worms to digest, breaks down manure quickly

nutritional value is high

breaks down things quickly

cheap

easy to farm

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pH
temperature
C/N ratio
retention time
organic loading rate

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Classified into their energy source

Phototroph - Through light energy

Type of carbon source

CO2 → Photoautotroph

Organic compounds → Photoheterotroph

Chemotroph - Through chemical energy

Type of carbon source

CO2 → Chemoautotroph

Organic compounds → Chemoheterotroph

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four key stages of anaerobic digestion :

1. hydrolysis,

2. acidogenesis,

3. acetogenesis

4. methanogenesis.