# data[].attributes.headline
The revolt actually began in 1565, but is sometimes dated as 1567, the year of Dagami's execution.  

# data[].attributes.subject
The revolt actually began in 1565, but is sometimes dated as 1567, the year of Dagami's execution.  

# data[].attributes.body
On May 22, 1565, a party of 16 led by Chief Dagami and four other chiefs hid themselves outside of the stockaded Spanish settlement in Cebu, intending to kill some Spaniards. At dawn of the following day, May 23, Pedro de Arana, a member of the personal company of Spanish Governor Miguel López de Legazpi, came out of the fort alone. As he walked along the beach near the war party, they speared him and cut off his head. They returned to Gabi and made a great celebration and feast with it. The murder went unsolved at the time, and Dagami continued as Chief of Gabi and continued to foment revolt.

In December 1566, after two Spaniards were killed and three others nearly died inside the fort after drinking poisoned wine purchased from Sugbu/Cebu wine-sellers, Legazpi sent for Rajah Tupas and his fellow datus, alleging that some of them were behind the killings. The chiefs protested their innocence, and Legazpi told them that their guilt could only be absolved by handing over the culprits. The following day, Tupas handed over two women who, under torture, implicated two others. Three of the four were sentenced to flogging and deportation, and the fourth sentenced to death. The condemned woman was executed and her body was drawn and quartered, with the pieces of the body displayed along the road between the Cebuano settlement and the Spanish fort. The following day, Tupas betrayed Dagami to Legazpi.

Dagami was condemned to be drawn and quartered the next day in the place where Pedro de Arana had been killed. Dagami's head was displayed on a pole in that place and the four quarters of his body were displayed on poles along the beach. After this was carried out, Tupas lauded Dagami as having been among the proudest in the islands, and said that when they were thinking of making peace with the Spaniards in 1565 had advised him not to make peace, had hindered him from doing that and that after the signing of the Treaty of Cebu, Dagami continued to be rebellious against the Spaniards and in favor of revolts and war to gain independence.

# data[].attributes.body
William Henry Scott (1992), "Why did tupas betray Dagami", Looking for the prehispanic Filipino: and other essays in Philippine history, New Day Publishers, pp. 40–63, ISBN 978-971-10-0524-5.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
On May 22, 1565, a party of 16 led by Chief Dagami and four other chiefs hid themselves outside of the stockaded Spanish settlement in Cebu, intending to kill some Spaniards. At dawn of the following day, May 23, Pedro de Arana, a member of the personal company of Spanish Governor Miguel López de Legazpi, came out of the fort alone. As he walked along the beach near the war party, they speared him and cut off his head. They returned to Gabi and made a great celebration and feast with it. The murder went unsolved at the time, and Dagami continued as Chief of Gabi and continued to foment revolt.

In December 1566, after two Spaniards were killed and three others nearly died inside the fort after drinking poisoned wine purchased from Sugbu/ Cebu wine-sellers, Legazpi sent for Rajah Tupas and his fellow datus, alleging that some of them were behind the killings. The chiefs protested their innocence, and Legazpi told them that their guilt could only be absolved by handing over the culprits. The following day, Tupas handed over two women who, under torture, implicated two others. Three of the four were sentenced to flogging and deportation, and the fourth sentenced to death. The condemned woman was executed and her body was drawn and quartered, with the pieces of the body displayed along the road between the Cebuano settlement and the Spanish fort. The following day, Tupas betrayed Dagami to Legazpi.

Dagami was condemned to be drawn and quartered the next day in the place where Pedro de Arana had been killed. Dagami's head was displayed on a pole in that place and the four quarters of his body were displayed on poles along the beach. After this was carried out, Tupas lauded Dagami as having been among the proudest in the islands, and said that when they were thinking of making peace with the Spaniards in 1565 had advised him not to make peace, had hindered him from doing that and that after the signing of the Treaty of Cebu, Dagami continued to be rebellious against the Spaniards and in favor of revolts and war to gain independence.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
On May 22, 1565, a party of 16 led by Chief Dagami and four other chiefs hid themselves outside of the stockaded Spanish settlement in Cebu, intending to kill some Spaniards. At dawn of the following day, May 23, Pedro de Arana, a member of the personal company of Spanish Governor Miguel López de Legazpi, came out of the fort alone.

# data[].attributes.body
The ban on tobacco cultivation, comin on top of a smallpox epidemic, gave Christians in the Difun and Paniqui missions an additional reason for returning to the highlands and their ancient religion. The parish priest of Cagayan blamed the uprising on the machinations of Baladdon, the son of the famous anitera and himself acknowledged as a shaman: "arrogating to himself the title of priest, medicine man and prophet, he deceived and bewitched the people and the chiefs and Lagutao himself." The elder brother of Onofre Libam, the gobernadorcillo of Angadanan, Lagutao had remained a pagan and, with Baladdon, assumed the leadership of the 1787 revolt. To his followers, Lagutao promised a life in the mountains free from the oppressive tributes, church contributions, and the tobacco monopoly. Lagutao ridiculed the refusal of Liban and other Christians to join the rebellion: "You are dying of the plague which God has inflicted on you for having abandoned our ancient customs, you pay tribute and you cannot even smoke without having to buy tobacco."[10]

The failure of Lagutao to win over his brother prevented the spread of the uprising and enabled the Spaniards to deal it a quick end. Alerted by the missionaries, Don Mateo Cabal, commander of the Carig garrison, gathered a force of 2300 men, 300 of them armed with rifles, and engaged the rebels on two successive days. Lagutao, his brother Meddanang, his son-in-law, and 11 others died in the first battle. The second engagement left over a hundred rebels dead on the field, many others dying from their wounds later. The only casualty on the government side was Onofre Liban, who, upon receiving news of the battlefield results, fell into a state of depression from which, three days later, he died.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, there were several revolts against of the Spanish colonial government as native-born Filipinos and Chinese tried to grab power from the Spanish, that had belonged traditionally to tribal chiefs and Chinese traders. Most of these revolts failed because the vast majority of the native population sided up with the Spanish colonial government and even fought together with the Spanish soldiers against the perpetrators to put down the revolts.

The most important of those revolts led to the expulsion of a big number of Chinese from the Philippines by the Spanish authorities. However, after reconciliation, they were allowed to come back and integrate again into the Chinese community in the Philippines.

The Dagami Revolt was a revolt against Spanish colonial rule led by the Filipino rebel, Dagami, in the island of Cebu in the Philippines, in 1567.

The Manila Revolt, also known as the Lakandula Revolt or the Sulayman Revolt, was an uprising in 1574 against Spanish colonial rule led by Rajah Lakandula and Rajah Sulayman in Manila. The revolt occurred in the same year that the Chinese pirate Limahong attacked the palisaded yet poorly-defended enclosure of Intramuros.

The Pampangos Revolt was an uprising in 1585 by some native Kapampangan leaders who resented Spanish landowners, or encomienderos who had deprived them of their historical land inheritances as tribal chiefs. The revolt included a plot to storm Intramuros, but the conspiracy was foiled before it could begin after a Filipino woman married to a Spanish soldier reported the plot to the Spanish authorities. Spanish and Filipino colonial troops were sent by Governor-General Santiago de Vera, and the leaders of the revolt were arrested and summarily executed.

The Conspiracy of the Maharlikas, or the Tondo Conspiracy, of 1587-1588, was a plot against Spanish colonial rule by the kin-related noblemen, or datus, of Manila and some towns of Bulacan and Pampanga. It was led by Agustin de Legazpi, nephew of Lakandula, and his first cousin, Martin Pangan. The datus swore to revolt by anointing their necks with a split egg. The uprising failed when they were denounced to the Spanish authorities by Antonio Surabao (Susabau) of Calamianes.

The Revolts Against the Tribute occurred in the present-day provinces of Cagayan, Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur in 1589. The natives, which included Ilocanos, Ibanags and others, rose in revolt over alleged abuses by tax collectors, including the collection of unjust taxes. Governor-General Santiago de Vera sent Spanish and Filipino colonial troops to pacify the rebels. They were eventually pardoned, and the Philippine tax system was reformed.

The Magalat Revolt was an uprising in 1596, led by Magalat, a Filipino rebel from Cagayan. He had been arrested in Manila for inciting rebellion against the Spanish. He was later released after some urging by some Dominican priests, and returned to Cagayan. Together with his brother, he urged the entire country to revolt. He was said to have committed atrocities against his fellow natives for refusing to rise up against the Spaniards. He soon controlled the countryside, and the Spanish eventually found themselves besieged.

The Spanish Governor-General Francisco de Tello de Guzm¡n sent Pedro de Chaves from Manila with Spanish and Filipino colonial troops. They fought successfully against the rebels, and captured and executed several leaders under Magalat. Magalat himself was assassinated within his fortified headquarters by his own men.

By order of then Governor-General Governor-General Francisco de Tello de Guzm¡n an expedition was sent to the Cordillera region for religious conversion purposes with the aid of Fr. Esteban Marin. Marin, the curate of Ilocos at that time, who tried to initially convince the Igorots to convert peacefully to Christianism. Marin allegedly even tried to create his own dictionary in Igorot dialect to advance this cause. The Igorots, however, killed Marin and the Governor-General sent Captain Aranda with Spanish and Filipino colonial troops, who used brute force and had the Igorot villages burned in his rage for the loss of the friar. The revolt was short-lived as Aranda made use of extreme measures and executed them quickly to dispel the revolt in the Cordillera region.

In 1602, the Chinese inhabitants of Manila set fire to Quiapo and Tondo and for a time threatened to capture Intramuros.

The Tamblot Revolt or Tamblot Uprising was a religious uprising in the island of Bohol, led by Tamblot in 1621. The Jesuits first came to Bohol in 1596 and eventually governed the island and converted the Boholanos to the Catholic faith. Tamblot, a babaylan or native priest, urged his fellow Boholanos to return to the old native religion of their forefathers.

The revolt began on the day when the Jesuits were in Cebu, celebrating the feast day of St. Francis Xavier. It was finally crushed on New Year's Day, in 1622.

The Bancao Revolt was a religious uprising against Spanish colonial rule led by Bancao, the datu of Kan Gara , in the present-day Carigara Philippine province of Leyte.

Bancao had warmly received Miguel Lpez de Legazpi as his guest, when he first arrived in the Philippines in 1565. Although baptized as a Christian in his youth, he abandoned his faith in later years. With a babaylan, or religious leader named Pagali, he built a temple for a diwata or local goddess, and pressed six towns to rise up in revolt. Similar to the Tamblot Uprising, Pagali used magic to attract followers, and claimed that they could turn the Spaniards into clay by hurling bits of earth at them.

Governor-General Alonso Fajardo de Entenza sent the alcalde mayor of Cebu, Juan de Alcarazo, with Spanish and Filipino colonial troops, to suppress the rebellion. Bancao's severed head was impaled on a bamboo stake and displayed to the public as a stern warning. One of his sons was also beheaded, and one of the babaylans was burned at the stake. Three other followers were executed by firing squad. Other historical sources/accounts reports The Bancao Revolt as the first recorded uprising against foreign colonization. The (1621-1622) dates may be inaccurate. Carigara was evangelized only a decade after Magellan landed in Limasawa in 1521. The uprising may well have taken place towards the end of 1500s.

The Isneg Revolt, or the Mandaya Revolt, was a religious uprising against Spanish colonial rule led by Miguel Lanab and Alababan, two Christianized Filipinos from the Isneg or Mandaya tribe of Capinatan, in northwestern Cagayan, in the Philippines. The region is now part of the landlocked province of Apayao. Miguel Lanab and Alababan murdered, beheaded and mutilated two Dominican missionaries, Father Alonzo Garcia and Brother Onofre Palao, who were sent by the Spanish colonial government to convert the Isneg people to Christianity. After cutting Father Garcia's body into pieces, they fed his flesh to a herd of pigs. Afterwards, they compelled their fellow Isnegs to loot, desecrate Christian images, set fire to the local churches, and escape with them to the mountains.

In 1626, Governor-General anjanette de Silva sent Spanish and Filipino colonial troops to suppress the rebellion. They destroyed farms and other sources of food to starve the Isnegs, and forced them to surrender in 1627.

As a result of the British invasion and the revolutionary propaganda of Silang and Palaris, the flames of rebellion spread to Cagayan. The people of Ilagan proclaimed their independence on February 2, 1763, defying the tribute collectors and Spain. The insurrection spread to Cabagan and Tuguegarao. Under their chieftains named Dabo and Juan Marayac, the rebels committed various acts of violence on the Spanish officials and the friars. But the revolt did not last long, for Don Manuel de Arza and his loyal Filipino troops came and quelled it.The leaders were executed.

Ladia was a Bornean and a descendant of Lakandula who came to Malolos in 1643. At that time, the Filipinos were suffering from oppression and he thought that it was about time that they stage an uprising. This was despite the fact that a parish priest tried to convince him not to pursue his plans. Upon his capture, he was brought to Manila where he was executed.

In the today the town of Palapag in Northern Samar, Juan Ponce Sumuroy, a Waray, and some of his followers rose in arms on June 1, 1649 over the polo system being undertaken in Samar. This is known as the Sumuroy Revolt, named after Juan Ponce Sumuroy.

The government in Manila directed that all natives subject to the polo are not to be sent to places distant from their hometowns to do their polo. However, under orders of the various town alcaldes, or mayors, Samarnons were being sent to the shipyards of Cavite to do their polo, which sparked the revolt. The local parish priest of Palapag was murdered and the revolt eventually spread to Mindanao, Bicol and the rest of the Visayas, especially in places such as Cebu, Masbate, Camiguin, Zamboanga, Albay, Camarines and parts of northern Mindanao, such as Surigao. A free government was also established in the mountains of Samar.

The defeat, capture and execution of Sumuroy in June 1650 delivered a big setback to the revolt. His trusted co conspirator David Dula sustained the quest for freedom with greater vigor but in one of a fierce battles several years later, he was wounded, captured and later executed in Palapag, Northern Samar by the Spaniards together with his seven key lieutenants, one of who was the great great grandfather of current Northern Samar Governor Raul Daza[1].The capture of Dula marked the end of the revolt in its operational center in Northern Samar but the sporadic skirmises and hatred with the Spanish authorities started by Sumuroy and Dula in some parts of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao continues, and pursued by new faces in the rebellion fronts.This is marked as the beginning of the end of the long Spanish rule in the country.

Maniago Revolt led by Don Francisco Maniago, initially caused by natives' protest against the polo and bandala, later became a struggle to free the natives from Spanish rule. The rebels were weakened by Gov. de Lara's cooperation of Arayat chief Macapagal.

The Maniago Revolt was an uprising in Pampanga during the 1660's. It was a revolt against the Spanish during the colonial period and was named after its leader, Francisco Maniago. During that time, Pampanga drew most of the attention from the religious group because of its relative wealth. They also bore the burden of more tribute, forced labor, and rice exploitation. They were made to work for eight months under unfair conditions and were not paid for their labor and for the rice purchased from them. Their patience was put to the limit and they signified their intention to revolt by setting their campsite on fire. The fight soon began and because the Spaniards wre busy fighting against the Dutch, they were badly depleted by the Kapampangans. Maniago was very clever and was able to make his fellows believe in the idea of attaining freedom if they revolt. He succeeded not only in the attempt of having his natives believe in his propaganda but also the Pangasineses, Cagayanons and the Ilocanos. But sometimes, Maniago lied and exaggerated his claims. He once told his followers that a group of Pamapangos entered Manila and killed all the Spaniards there. However, he was very confident that he can actually persuade the chieftains of each town in Pampanga to kill the Spaniards and free the province from them. Although their motives were already executed, a Spanish governor named Manrique de Lara was able to neutralize the rebellion by using the "divide and rule" trick. He began with a "show of force" directed at Macabebe, one of the more affluent towns in the province at that time. The Macabebe was intimidated and became friendly towards the Spaniards, who responded in the same way. This strategy was also done to other towns in the province and in the end, Maniago and his followers did not have a choice but to agree in making peace with Governor de Lara. The Governor also tricked Maniago into leaving Manila with a bribe of being appointed as a master of camp in the Pampango regiment in the city. Maniago was never heard from again and according to one account, he was shot months later in Mexico, Pampanga. The Maniago revolt was the start of a much bigger and even bloodier revolt in Pangasinan. This battle was led by a man named Andres Malong who had heeded the call of Maniago to revolt against the Spaniards.

This revolt was led by Andres Malong, who led some natives in Pangasinan to take up arms against the Spanish government and proclaimed himself King of Pangasinan. However his kingdom was short-lived and soon most of his forces abandoned him, enabling the Spanish forces to capture him and subsequently executed him.

Later, Juan dela Cruz Palaris, a native of Binalatongan, led a renewal of the revolt. The Spanish authorities reviewed the demands of the natives and required the alcalde-mayor of Pangasinan to resign. The people of Pangasinan continued their resistance nonetheless, but were finally defeated in March, 1764. Palaris was captured and hanged.

A part of the chain to the Malong Revolt was the Ilocos Revolt led by Don Pedro Almazan, illustrious and wealthy leader from San Nicolas, Laoag, Ilocos Norte. The letters sent by Don Andres Malong ("King of Pangasinan") narrating the defeat of the Spaniards in his area and urging other provinces to rise in arms failed to obtain any support among the natives. During the revolt, Don Pedro Almazan auto-proclaimed himself "King of Ilocos", but was later captured and executed.

Fearing an invasion of Chinese led by the famous pirate Koxinga, the garrisons around Manila were reinforced. An increasing anti-Chinese sentiment grew within much of the population. In the end, the invasion did not materialize, but many locals massacred hundreds of Chinese in the Manila area.

The Panay Revolt was a religious uprising in 1663 that involved Tapar, a native of the island of Panay, who wanted to establish a religious cult in the town of Oton. He attracted some followers with his stories about his frequent conversations with a demon. Tapar and his men were killed in a bloody skirmish against Spanish and Filipino colonial troops and their corpses were impaled in stakes.

After suppressing the Malong revolt in Pangasinan, the Spanish moved to exterminate the roots of the rebellion. Chief tumalang ended up converting to Catholicism. The Zambals then killed Rf. Domingo Perez, a Dominican Friar, after which the Spanish sent additional troops and defeated the rebels.

This was led by a Dagupan-born ladino named Caragay who led an uprising in 1719 against the provincial governor (alcalde mayor, in Spanish) who had him flogged for what appeared to be a false accusation of smuggling. Governor Antonio del Valle had Caragay arrested in the village of Nantagalan, northeast of San Jacinto and Mangaldan and flogged. Vowing vengeance, Caragay organized a band of men who hounded the governor until they were able to kill him. Historians view Caragay as a "model" of the revolts of Palaris and Diego Silang. In 1762, Dagupan would be one of the first towns to join the Palaris Revolt against Spain.

In 1744 in what is now the province of Bohol, what is known today as the Dagohoy Revolt was undertaken by Francisco Dagohoy and some of his followers. This revolt is unique since it is the only Philippine revolt completely related to matters of religious customs, although unlike the Tamblot Uprising before it, it is not a complete religious rebellion.

After a duel in which Dagohoy's brother died, the local parish priest refused to give his brother a proper Christian burial, since dueling is a mortal sin. The refusal of the priest to give his brother a proper Christian burial eventually led to the longest revolt ever held in Philippine history: 85 years. It also led to the establishment of a free Boholano government. Twenty governors-general, from Juan Arrechederra to Mariano Ricafort Palacn y Ararca, failed to stop the revolt. Ricafort himself sent a force of 2,200 troops to Bohol, which was defeated by Palumpong followers. Another attack, also sent by Ricafort in 1828 and 1829, failed as well.

Francisco Dagohoy died two years before the revolt ended, though, which led to the end of the revolt in 1829. Some 19,000 survivors were granted pardon and were eventually allowed to live in new Boholano villages: namely, the present-day towns of Balilihan, Batuan, Bilar (Vilar), Catigbian and Sevilla (Cabulao).

On November 3, 1762, with the Spanish at war with Britain and a British invasion of the Philippines in progress, a Pangasinense leader named Juan de la Cruz Palaris (also known as Pantaleon Perez) rebelled against Spanish imposition of the tribute. The revolt lasted two years, spreading across Pangasinan and affecting other provinces. The report ended in 1764, when Spanish forces along with some Ilocanos loyal to Spain led by Manuel de Azar hunted Palaris down and executed him publicly.

The ban on tobacco cultivation, comin on top of a smallpox epidemic, gave Christians in the Difun and Paniqui missions an additional reason for returning to the highlands and their ancient religion. The parish priest of Cagayan blamed the uprising on the machinations of Baladdon, the son of the famous anitera and himself acknowledged as a shaman: "arrogating to himself the title of priest, medicine man and prophet, he deceived and bewitched the people and the chiefs and Lagutao himself." The elder brother of Onofre Libam, the gobernadorcillo of Angadanan, Lagutao had remained a pagan and, with Baladdon, assumed the leadership of the 1787 revolt. To his followers, Lagutao promised a life in the mountains free from the oppressive tributes, church contributions, and the tobacco monopoly. Lagutao ridiculed the refusal of Liban and other Christians to join the rebellion: "You are dying of the plague which God has inflicted on you for having abandoned our ancient customs, you pay tribute and you cannot even smoke without having to buy tobacco."

The failure of Lagutao to win over his brother prevented the spread of the uprising and enabled the Spaniards to deal it a quick end. Alerted by the missionaries, Don Mateo Cabal, commander of the Carig garrison, gathered a force of 2300 men, 300 of them armed with rifles, and engaged the rebels on two successive days. Lagutao, his brother Meddanang, his son-in-law, and 11 others died in the first battle. The second engagement left over a hundred rebels dead on the field, many others dying from their wounds later. The only casualty on the government side was Onofre Liban, who, upon receiving news of the battlefield results, fell into a state of depression from which, three days later, he died.

The Ambaristo Revolt, also known as the Basi Revolt, was a revolt undertaken from September 16-September 28 or 28, 1807. It was led by Pedro Mateo with its events occurring in the present-day town of Piddig in Ilocos Norte. This revolt is unique as it revolves around the Ilocanos' love for , or sugarcane wine.

In 1786, the Spanish colonial government expropriated the manufacture and sale of basi, effectively banning private manufacture of the wine, which was done before expropriation. Ilocanos were forced to buy from government stores. However, wine-loving Ilocanos in Piddig rose in revolt on September 16, 1807, with the revolt spreading to nearby towns and with fighting lasting for weeks. Spanish troops eventually quelled the revolt on September 28, 1807, albeit with much force and loss of life on the losing side.

This article is based on one or more articles in Wikipedia, with modifications and additional content contributed by Connexions editors. This article, and any information from Wikipedia, is covered by a Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA) and the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL).

We welcome your help in improving and expanding the content of Connexipedia articles, and in correcting errors. Connexipedia is not a wiki: please contact Connexions by email if you wish to contribute. We are also looking for contributors interested in writing articles on topics, persons, events and organizations related to social justice and the history of social change movements.

For more information contact Connexions

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Philippine revolts against Spain - Connexipedia article

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, there were several revolts against of the Spanish colonial government as native-born Filipinos and Chinese tried to grab power from the Spanish, that had belonged traditionally to tribal chiefs and Chinese traders.

# data[].attributes.body
The Ambaristo Revolt, also known as the Basi Revolt, was a revolt undertaken from September 16-September 28 or 28, 1807. It was led by Pedro Mateo with its events occurring in the present-day town of Piddig in Ilocos Norte. This revolt is unique as it revolves around the Ilocanos' love for basi, or sugarcane wine.

In 1786, the Spanish colonial government expropriated the manufacture and sale of basi, effectively banning private manufacture of the wine, which was done before expropriation. Ilocanos were forced to buy from government stores. However, wine-loving Ilocanos in Piddig rose in revolt on September 16, 1807, with the revolt spreading to nearby towns and with fighting lasting for weeks. Spanish troops eventually quelled the revolt on September 28, 1807, albeit with much force and loss of life on the losing side.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, there were several revolts against of the Spanish colonial government as native-born Filipinos and Chinese tried to grab power from the Spanish, that had belonged traditionally to tribal chiefs and Chinese traders. Most of these revolts failed because the vast majority of the native population sided up with the Spanish colonial government and even fought together with the Spanish soldiers against the perpetrators to put down the revolts.

The most important of those revolts led to the expulsion of a big number of Chinese from the Philippines by the Spanish authorities. However, after reconciliation, they were allowed to come back and integrate again into the Chinese community in the Philippines.

The Dagami Revolt was a revolt against Spanish colonial rule led by the Filipino rebel, Dagami, in the island of Cebu in the Philippines, in 1567.

The Manila Revolt, also known as the Lakandula Revolt or the Sulayman Revolt, was an uprising in 1574 against Spanish colonial rule led by Rajah Lakandula and Rajah Sulayman in Manila. The revolt occurred in the same year that the Chinese pirate Limahong attacked the palisaded yet poorly-defended enclosure of Intramuros.

The Pampangos Revolt was an uprising in 1585 by some native Kapampangan leaders who resented Spanish landowners, or encomienderos who had deprived them of their historical land inheritances as tribal chiefs. The revolt included a plot to storm Intramuros, but the conspiracy was foiled before it could begin after a Filipino woman married to a Spanish soldier reported the plot to the Spanish authorities. Spanish and Filipino colonial troops were sent by Governor-General Santiago de Vera, and the leaders of the revolt were arrested and summarily executed.

The Conspiracy of the Maharlikas, or the Tondo Conspiracy, of 1587-1588, was a plot against Spanish colonial rule by the kin-related noblemen, or datus, of Manila and some towns of Bulacan and Pampanga. It was led by Agustin de Legazpi, nephew of Lakandula, and his first cousin, Martin Pangan. The datus swore to revolt by anointing their necks with a split egg. The uprising failed when they were denounced to the Spanish authorities by Antonio Surabao (Susabau) of Calamianes.

The Revolts Against the Tribute occurred in the present-day provinces of Cagayan, Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur in 1589. The natives, which included Ilocanos, Ibanags and others, rose in revolt over alleged abuses by tax collectors, including the collection of unjust taxes. Governor-General Santiago de Vera sent Spanish and Filipino colonial troops to pacify the rebels. They were eventually pardoned, and the Philippine tax system was reformed.

The Magalat Revolt was an uprising in 1596, led by Magalat, a Filipino rebel from Cagayan. He had been arrested in Manila for inciting rebellion against the Spanish. He was later released after some urging by some Dominican priests, and returned to Cagayan. Together with his brother, he urged the entire country to revolt. He was said to have committed atrocities against his fellow natives for refusing to rise up against the Spaniards. He soon controlled the countryside, and the Spanish eventually found themselves besieged.

The Spanish Governor-General Francisco de Tello de Guzm¡n sent Pedro de Chaves from Manila with Spanish and Filipino colonial troops. They fought successfully against the rebels, and captured and executed several leaders under Magalat. Magalat himself was assassinated within his fortified headquarters by his own men.

By order of then Governor-General Governor-General Francisco de Tello de Guzm¡n an expedition was sent to the Cordillera region for religious conversion purposes with the aid of Fr. Esteban Marin. Marin, the curate of Ilocos at that time, who tried to initially convince the Igorots to convert peacefully to Christianism. Marin allegedly even tried to create his own dictionary in Igorot dialect to advance this cause. The Igorots, however, killed Marin and the Governor-General sent Captain Aranda with Spanish and Filipino colonial troops, who used brute force and had the Igorot villages burned in his rage for the loss of the friar. The revolt was short-lived as Aranda made use of extreme measures and executed them quickly to dispel the revolt in the Cordillera region.

In 1602, the Chinese inhabitants of Manila set fire to Quiapo and Tondo and for a time threatened to capture Intramuros.

The Tamblot Revolt or Tamblot Uprising was a religious uprising in the island of Bohol, led by Tamblot in 1621. The Jesuits first came to Bohol in 1596 and eventually governed the island and converted the Boholanos to the Catholic faith. Tamblot, a babaylan or native priest, urged his fellow Boholanos to return to the old native religion of their forefathers.

The revolt began on the day when the Jesuits were in Cebu, celebrating the feast day of St. Francis Xavier. It was finally crushed on New Year's Day, in 1622.

The Bancao Revolt was a religious uprising against Spanish colonial rule led by Bancao, the datu of Kan Gara , in the present-day Carigara Philippine province of Leyte.

Bancao had warmly received Miguel Lpez de Legazpi as his guest, when he first arrived in the Philippines in 1565. Although baptized as a Christian in his youth, he abandoned his faith in later years. With a babaylan, or religious leader named Pagali, he built a temple for a diwata or local goddess, and pressed six towns to rise up in revolt. Similar to the Tamblot Uprising, Pagali used magic to attract followers, and claimed that they could turn the Spaniards into clay by hurling bits of earth at them.

Governor-General Alonso Fajardo de Entenza sent the alcalde mayor of Cebu, Juan de Alcarazo, with Spanish and Filipino colonial troops, to suppress the rebellion. Bancao's severed head was impaled on a bamboo stake and displayed to the public as a stern warning. One of his sons was also beheaded, and one of the babaylans was burned at the stake. Three other followers were executed by firing squad. Other historical sources/accounts reports The Bancao Revolt as the first recorded uprising against foreign colonization. The (1621-1622) dates may be inaccurate. Carigara was evangelized only a decade after Magellan landed in Limasawa in 1521. The uprising may well have taken place towards the end of 1500s.

The Isneg Revolt, or the Mandaya Revolt, was a religious uprising against Spanish colonial rule led by Miguel Lanab and Alababan, two Christianized Filipinos from the Isneg or Mandaya tribe of Capinatan, in northwestern Cagayan, in the Philippines. The region is now part of the landlocked province of Apayao. Miguel Lanab and Alababan murdered, beheaded and mutilated two Dominican missionaries, Father Alonzo Garcia and Brother Onofre Palao, who were sent by the Spanish colonial government to convert the Isneg people to Christianity. After cutting Father Garcia's body into pieces, they fed his flesh to a herd of pigs. Afterwards, they compelled their fellow Isnegs to loot, desecrate Christian images, set fire to the local churches, and escape with them to the mountains.

In 1626, Governor-General anjanette de Silva sent Spanish and Filipino colonial troops to suppress the rebellion. They destroyed farms and other sources of food to starve the Isnegs, and forced them to surrender in 1627.

As a result of the British invasion and the revolutionary propaganda of Silang and Palaris, the flames of rebellion spread to Cagayan. The people of Ilagan proclaimed their independence on February 2, 1763, defying the tribute collectors and Spain. The insurrection spread to Cabagan and Tuguegarao. Under their chieftains named Dabo and Juan Marayac, the rebels committed various acts of violence on the Spanish officials and the friars. But the revolt did not last long, for Don Manuel de Arza and his loyal Filipino troops came and quelled it.The leaders were executed.

Ladia was a Bornean and a descendant of Lakandula who came to Malolos in 1643. At that time, the Filipinos were suffering from oppression and he thought that it was about time that they stage an uprising. This was despite the fact that a parish priest tried to convince him not to pursue his plans. Upon his capture, he was brought to Manila where he was executed.

In the today the town of Palapag in Northern Samar, Juan Ponce Sumuroy, a Waray, and some of his followers rose in arms on June 1, 1649 over the polo system being undertaken in Samar. This is known as the Sumuroy Revolt, named after Juan Ponce Sumuroy.

The government in Manila directed that all natives subject to the polo are not to be sent to places distant from their hometowns to do their polo. However, under orders of the various town alcaldes, or mayors, Samarnons were being sent to the shipyards of Cavite to do their polo, which sparked the revolt. The local parish priest of Palapag was murdered and the revolt eventually spread to Mindanao, Bicol and the rest of the Visayas, especially in places such as Cebu, Masbate, Camiguin, Zamboanga, Albay, Camarines and parts of northern Mindanao, such as Surigao. A free government was also established in the mountains of Samar.

The defeat, capture and execution of Sumuroy in June 1650 delivered a big setback to the revolt. His trusted co conspirator David Dula sustained the quest for freedom with greater vigor but in one of a fierce battles several years later, he was wounded, captured and later executed in Palapag, Northern Samar by the Spaniards together with his seven key lieutenants, one of who was the great great grandfather of current Northern Samar Governor Raul Daza[1].The capture of Dula marked the end of the revolt in its operational center in Northern Samar but the sporadic skirmises and hatred with the Spanish authorities started by Sumuroy and Dula in some parts of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao continues, and pursued by new faces in the rebellion fronts.This is marked as the beginning of the end of the long Spanish rule in the country.

Maniago Revolt led by Don Francisco Maniago, initially caused by natives' protest against the polo and bandala, later became a struggle to free the natives from Spanish rule. The rebels were weakened by Gov. de Lara's cooperation of Arayat chief Macapagal.

The Maniago Revolt was an uprising in Pampanga during the 1660's. It was a revolt against the Spanish during the colonial period and was named after its leader, Francisco Maniago. During that time, Pampanga drew most of the attention from the religious group because of its relative wealth. They also bore the burden of more tribute, forced labor, and rice exploitation. They were made to work for eight months under unfair conditions and were not paid for their labor and for the rice purchased from them. Their patience was put to the limit and they signified their intention to revolt by setting their campsite on fire. The fight soon began and because the Spaniards wre busy fighting against the Dutch, they were badly depleted by the Kapampangans. Maniago was very clever and was able to make his fellows believe in the idea of attaining freedom if they revolt. He succeeded not only in the attempt of having his natives believe in his propaganda but also the Pangasineses, Cagayanons and the Ilocanos. But sometimes, Maniago lied and exaggerated his claims. He once told his followers that a group of Pamapangos entered Manila and killed all the Spaniards there. However, he was very confident that he can actually persuade the chieftains of each town in Pampanga to kill the Spaniards and free the province from them. Although their motives were already executed, a Spanish governor named Manrique de Lara was able to neutralize the rebellion by using the "divide and rule" trick. He began with a "show of force" directed at Macabebe, one of the more affluent towns in the province at that time. The Macabebe was intimidated and became friendly towards the Spaniards, who responded in the same way. This strategy was also done to other towns in the province and in the end, Maniago and his followers did not have a choice but to agree in making peace with Governor de Lara. The Governor also tricked Maniago into leaving Manila with a bribe of being appointed as a master of camp in the Pampango regiment in the city. Maniago was never heard from again and according to one account, he was shot months later in Mexico, Pampanga. The Maniago revolt was the start of a much bigger and even bloodier revolt in Pangasinan. This battle was led by a man named Andres Malong who had heeded the call of Maniago to revolt against the Spaniards.

This revolt was led by Andres Malong, who led some natives in Pangasinan to take up arms against the Spanish government and proclaimed himself King of Pangasinan. However his kingdom was short-lived and soon most of his forces abandoned him, enabling the Spanish forces to capture him and subsequently executed him.

Later, Juan dela Cruz Palaris, a native of Binalatongan, led a renewal of the revolt. The Spanish authorities reviewed the demands of the natives and required the alcalde-mayor of Pangasinan to resign. The people of Pangasinan continued their resistance nonetheless, but were finally defeated in March, 1764. Palaris was captured and hanged.

A part of the chain to the Malong Revolt was the Ilocos Revolt led by Don Pedro Almazan, illustrious and wealthy leader from San Nicolas, Laoag, Ilocos Norte. The letters sent by Don Andres Malong ("King of Pangasinan") narrating the defeat of the Spaniards in his area and urging other provinces to rise in arms failed to obtain any support among the natives. During the revolt, Don Pedro Almazan auto-proclaimed himself "King of Ilocos", but was later captured and executed.

Fearing an invasion of Chinese led by the famous pirate Koxinga, the garrisons around Manila were reinforced. An increasing anti-Chinese sentiment grew within much of the population. In the end, the invasion did not materialize, but many locals massacred hundreds of Chinese in the Manila area.

The Panay Revolt was a religious uprising in 1663 that involved Tapar, a native of the island of Panay, who wanted to establish a religious cult in the town of Oton. He attracted some followers with his stories about his frequent conversations with a demon. Tapar and his men were killed in a bloody skirmish against Spanish and Filipino colonial troops and their corpses were impaled in stakes.

After suppressing the Malong revolt in Pangasinan, the Spanish moved to exterminate the roots of the rebellion. Chief tumalang ended up converting to Catholicism. The Zambals then killed Rf. Domingo Perez, a Dominican Friar, after which the Spanish sent additional troops and defeated the rebels.

This was led by a Dagupan-born ladino named Caragay who led an uprising in 1719 against the provincial governor (alcalde mayor, in Spanish) who had him flogged for what appeared to be a false accusation of smuggling. Governor Antonio del Valle had Caragay arrested in the village of Nantagalan, northeast of San Jacinto and Mangaldan and flogged. Vowing vengeance, Caragay organized a band of men who hounded the governor until they were able to kill him. Historians view Caragay as a "model" of the revolts of Palaris and Diego Silang. In 1762, Dagupan would be one of the first towns to join the Palaris Revolt against Spain.

In 1744 in what is now the province of Bohol, what is known today as the Dagohoy Revolt was undertaken by Francisco Dagohoy and some of his followers. This revolt is unique since it is the only Philippine revolt completely related to matters of religious customs, although unlike the Tamblot Uprising before it, it is not a complete religious rebellion.

After a duel in which Dagohoy's brother died, the local parish priest refused to give his brother a proper Christian burial, since dueling is a mortal sin. The refusal of the priest to give his brother a proper Christian burial eventually led to the longest revolt ever held in Philippine history: 85 years. It also led to the establishment of a free Boholano government. Twenty governors-general, from Juan Arrechederra to Mariano Ricafort Palacn y Ararca, failed to stop the revolt. Ricafort himself sent a force of 2,200 troops to Bohol, which was defeated by Palumpong followers. Another attack, also sent by Ricafort in 1828 and 1829, failed as well.

Francisco Dagohoy died two years before the revolt ended, though, which led to the end of the revolt in 1829. Some 19,000 survivors were granted pardon and were eventually allowed to live in new Boholano villages: namely, the present-day towns of Balilihan, Batuan, Bilar (Vilar), Catigbian and Sevilla (Cabulao).

On November 3, 1762, with the Spanish at war with Britain and a British invasion of the Philippines in progress, a Pangasinense leader named Juan de la Cruz Palaris (also known as Pantaleon Perez) rebelled against Spanish imposition of the tribute. The revolt lasted two years, spreading across Pangasinan and affecting other provinces. The report ended in 1764, when Spanish forces along with some Ilocanos loyal to Spain led by Manuel de Azar hunted Palaris down and executed him publicly.

The ban on tobacco cultivation, comin on top of a smallpox epidemic, gave Christians in the Difun and Paniqui missions an additional reason for returning to the highlands and their ancient religion. The parish priest of Cagayan blamed the uprising on the machinations of Baladdon, the son of the famous anitera and himself acknowledged as a shaman: "arrogating to himself the title of priest, medicine man and prophet, he deceived and bewitched the people and the chiefs and Lagutao himself." The elder brother of Onofre Libam, the gobernadorcillo of Angadanan, Lagutao had remained a pagan and, with Baladdon, assumed the leadership of the 1787 revolt. To his followers, Lagutao promised a life in the mountains free from the oppressive tributes, church contributions, and the tobacco monopoly. Lagutao ridiculed the refusal of Liban and other Christians to join the rebellion: "You are dying of the plague which God has inflicted on you for having abandoned our ancient customs, you pay tribute and you cannot even smoke without having to buy tobacco."

The failure of Lagutao to win over his brother prevented the spread of the uprising and enabled the Spaniards to deal it a quick end. Alerted by the missionaries, Don Mateo Cabal, commander of the Carig garrison, gathered a force of 2300 men, 300 of them armed with rifles, and engaged the rebels on two successive days. Lagutao, his brother Meddanang, his son-in-law, and 11 others died in the first battle. The second engagement left over a hundred rebels dead on the field, many others dying from their wounds later. The only casualty on the government side was Onofre Liban, who, upon receiving news of the battlefield results, fell into a state of depression from which, three days later, he died.

The Ambaristo Revolt, also known as the Basi Revolt, was a revolt undertaken from September 16-September 28 or 28, 1807. It was led by Pedro Mateo with its events occurring in the present-day town of Piddig in Ilocos Norte. This revolt is unique as it revolves around the Ilocanos' love for , or sugarcane wine.

In 1786, the Spanish colonial government expropriated the manufacture and sale of basi, effectively banning private manufacture of the wine, which was done before expropriation. Ilocanos were forced to buy from government stores. However, wine-loving Ilocanos in Piddig rose in revolt on September 16, 1807, with the revolt spreading to nearby towns and with fighting lasting for weeks. Spanish troops eventually quelled the revolt on September 28, 1807, albeit with much force and loss of life on the losing side.

This article is based on one or more articles in Wikipedia, with modifications and additional content contributed by Connexions editors. This article, and any information from Wikipedia, is covered by a Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA) and the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL).

We welcome your help in improving and expanding the content of Connexipedia articles, and in correcting errors. Connexipedia is not a wiki: please contact Connexions by email if you wish to contribute. We are also looking for contributors interested in writing articles on topics, persons, events and organizations related to social justice and the history of social change movements.

For more information contact Connexions

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Philippine revolts against Spain - Connexipedia article

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, there were several revolts against of the Spanish colonial government as native-born Filipinos and Chinese tried to grab power from the Spanish, that had belonged traditionally to tribal chiefs and Chinese traders.

# data[].attributes.body
Aside from Cristobal, the leaders from Cagayan and Kalinga also echoed their support, and so did the Isneg (also known as Isnag) tribe. The fighters from Kalinga attended the wedding of Almazan's son and Magsanop's daughter. It was in the wedding as well where Cristobal proudly proclaimed Almazan as the "King of Ilocos" as he placed a crown of the Virgin Mary that he stole from the church he burned on the leader's head.

After all those present in the wedding pledged their loyalty to Almazan and to the cause, a flag was raised and paraded around Bacarra, thus signalling the start of the revolt against the Spaniards. The revolt reached Cabicungan (now known as Claveria) and Pata (now known as Sanchez-Mira).

On 31 January 1661, the revolutionaries went after Jose Santa Maria, a Dominican friar of Cabicungan. A record illustrates him being hastily informed by a Spanish soldier to hide. Not understanding the soldier's fear and wanting to scold the people who were suddenly causing an uproar, Santa Maria ventured outside the church, only to be met with revolutionaries headed his way. Santa Maria could no longer return to the safe confines of the church, as the guard already locked all possible entrances. The friar was then hacked several times before being beheaded.

In retaliation, the lone guard began to fire at the revolutionaries. He sought the assistance of Santa Maria's servants; they were given the task of reloading his weapon. From the vantage point of the revolutionaries, it looked as if they had to contend with several soldiers, which deterred them from burning the church. They instead settled with looting and vandalizing the house of Santa Maria.

The following day, 01 February 1661, nine friars from Narvacan held a celebration, for the Spanish troops finally defeated the revolutionaries from Zambal. The occasion was disrupted by news stating that another revolt was currently taking place in Ilocos. Fray Arias, the one who managed to evade Gumapos, immediately returned to Bacarra, determined to put an end to the revolt himself. Upon arriving, his servants discouraged him from pushing through with his plan, as he was highly at risk. Arias was then given temporary refuge at one of his servant's home. However, Juan, a messenger of the revolutionaries, soon discovered Arias' whereabouts, and threatened the servant to relinquish the friar lest he wanted himself and his family to be killed by the revolutionaries. This was enough for the servant to transfer Arias to another servant. It also prompted the rest of Arias' servants to ask help from the revolutionaries they were familiar with. Tomas Boaya, one of the leaders of the revolt, extended his hand by providing a rattan hammock that could hide Arias. He then instructed the servants to smuggle Arias to Laoag as soon as possible in order to escape the wrath of the revolutionaries.

The plan proved to be futile, as the servants accompanied by some of Boaya's men were stopped by a large number of revolutionaries. No longer shaded by the hammock, Arias was beheaded by the revolutionaries. The friar's head was sent to Magsanop, who then called for Almazan, Cristobal, and the other leaders to revel in their victory. Eventually, the other friars paid for Arias' head to be returned so that it could be buried along with the body.

Not long after the burial of the friar, the vice-governor (alferez) and chief of police (alguazil mayor) Lorenzo Arqueros arrived in Ilocos. Having been informed of the ongoing revolution, he was accompanied not only by Spanish soldiers, but also at least 1,000 fighters from Cagayan and some secluded parts of Ilocos. Arqueros and his men were able to stun the revolutionaries, all who were instead expecting General Francisco de Esteybar coming from Vigan. Almazan and Magsanop then had no other choice but to flee to the forest, as they were not ready to combat Arqueros.

Meanwhile, Arqueros did not give the revolutionaries respite, for he and his men immediately chased after them, owing to the fact that the native fighters on his side were also knowledgeable with regard to the terrain. One by one, hideouts were invaded and the revolutionaries were slaughtered.

Already cornered by Arqueros and his men, Magsanop grabbed a knife and stabbed himself with it. Instead of allowing the Spaniards to subjugate him, he decided to die as a patriot. As for Almazan, sources state that he perished in the middle of a battle. He mounted his horse and charged straight at the opposing party. Arqueros then had Almazan's entire family assassinated in retaliation for the revolution that he championed.

The other revolutionaries began to flee after learning about the deaths of Almazan and Magsanop. Meanwhile, prominent leaders such as Tomas Boaya and Cristobal Ambagan were executed by Spanish soldiers in Vigan. After the battle against the revolutionaries, General Esteybar arrived and promptly ordered the construction of a fort in Bacarra to discourage the formation of another revolution.

# data[].attributes.body
In the early months of 1600, there were series of uprisings that happened in the Northern provinces of Luzon due to severe maltreatment and abuses of the Spanish civil and military officials. In October of the same year, more than three hundred people from Bulacan and Pampanga decided to withdraw from rendering their daily mandatory services as timber cutters. They instigated series of rebellion that prompted other neighboring provinces to follow suit. [1]

On 15 December 1660, Andres Malong persuaded and convinced the local residents of Pangasinan to fight for their liberty. They yearned for equality and freedom that were elusive during the Spanish colonial rule. The people heeded Malong's call and joined the revolution. Many Spaniards, including the alcalde mayor, were killed during the battle. Some sources said that the Spanish friars were unharmed because Malong had given the order to spare them from any form of aggression. Celebrating their victory and motivated by the growing numbers of their followers, Malong proclaimed himself the new ruler. He appointed ministers and took command of the military. Pedro Gumapos was appointed count and was directed to take the leadership of Ilocos and Cagayan. Melchor de Vera was designated as one of the army generals and was given the authority to take control of Pampanga. Malong also sent expeditionary troops to neighboring provinces. Around 6,000 men were dispatched to Pampanga and 3,000 men were directed to go to Ilocos and Cagayan. Since he sent off a huge number of military men, his troop was depleted in his own city in Binalatongan. When the Spanish army launched an attack, they were already outnumbered, and they suffered defeat. Upon the victory of the Spanish troops, Malong was captured on 6 February 1661 and was executed thereafter. [3][4]

# data[].attributes.body
The revolt did not prosper because Francisco Maniago and Juan Macapagal, who held significant positions in Pampanga, had already reconciled with the Spanish government. They facilitated and assisted the Spanish military troops to suppress the rebellion in Pangasinan. After almost two months, Captain Lorenzo Arqueros and his ground commanders had quelled the Filipino fighters. Everyone who took part in the uprising was tried in court and were found guilty. [1]

Andres Malong, the leader of the uprising and a member of the Principalia social class, was shot by the firing squad. Some accounts mentioned that he was beheaded, and his lifeless body was taken into his yard. To condemn his rebellious act against the Spanish government, they inscribed a note that indicated that Malong was a traitor to God, the King (of Spain), and the law. Prominent leaders of the revolt like Melchor de Vera, Francisco de Pacadua, Jacinto Macasiag, and their other fourteen members were hanged on the gallows and were executed. Some of them were mutilated and severely punished before their death. There were also insurgents who were brutally injured before they were subjected to die through gunfire, hanging, and beating. Those who were not sentenced to death were taken as captives and suffered mandatory labor. [1