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The cartoon represents the US government's outlook on immigration. They associate immigrant lives with a percentage. In the case of the cartoon, European immigrants equal a 3% influx towards the general population. A tall, healthy looking man symbolizes the US. He is well dressed, larger than the immigrant individuals, and controls the flow of immigrants from the funnel. A funnel is used to prevent a messy spill. The lives of immigrants are synonymous to a potentially uncontrollable mess. The use of the funnel represents the citizenship process, funneling out the truly worthy 3%. The immigrants in contrast to the US man, look very small and weak as they tumble out of the funnel. They struggle to carry all they're heavy baggage. The presentation of the immigrants not only displays the average US citizens perspective on the community, but also the results of they're struggles on they're own wellbeing.

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This cartoon paints a vile picture of immigrants. Rats are often associated with filth, disease, and trash. The artist here is likening the immigrants to nothing more than rats that come from the slums of Europe. We see on their hats words like “Mafia,” “Anarchy” and “Socialist” and a knife engraved with “Assassination” – all words meant to invoke fear in the readers, to create prejudice against immigrants they have never even met.

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This cartoon image all speaks to the U.S. wanting to have the image of looking welcoming but the truth being that there's multiple trials, so to speak, that an immigrant would have to pass through to be accepted. The wall that makes the family depicted blocked from entering is one on its own, then when you look closer, it's referred to as a a 'Literacy test' implying an immigrant would have to be literate and educated to enter, possibly also to American standards only like Americanization would do. The wall is also continuously long, tall, and equipped with firearms, so even though the flag wavering above it all says the land of the free, the criteria to get in makes it seem rough and cruel.

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I believe the artist chose to use them for the political cartoon literacy test because "the political cartoon appeared as the nation debated new restrictions on immigration. After 1917, immigrants entering the United States had to pass a literacy test. In the cartoon, the literacy test appears as an insurmountable barrier to a family of immigrants. Uncle Sam peers out over the barrier, a flag behind him ironically proclaiming "the land of the free." The law foreshadowed the 1924 National Origins Act, which ended the years of mass immigration".

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I believe the artist chose to use them for the political cartoon Literacy Test because "the political cartoon appeared as the nation debated new restrictions on immigration. After 1917, immigrants entering the United States, had to pass a literacy test. In the cartoon, the literacy test appears as an insurmountable barrier to a family of immigrants. Uncle Sam peers out over the barrier, a flag behind him ironically proclaiming "The Land of The Free".

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In this image, there is a barricade of books and pens, with Uncle Sam towering over them saying, "You're welcome in-- if you can climb it!" This represents the possibility of immigrants entering the country being blocked off by a wall of literacy. Many were not literate in any language, mainly women, because in many countries they were not allowed to read or write. The biggest thing that caught my eye was the flag with "The Land of the Free" written on it, because in order to achieve their freedom immigrants had to scale a nearly impossible wall, which was set up to keep them out of the country in the first place.

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The political cartoon pictured above visualizes The use Of a literacy test as requirement for immigration in 1917. The cartoon shows Uncle Sam peering over a large wall with fountain pens as spears and books as roofs, the wall blocking new immigrants from entering unites states without taking a literacy test. This represents the untied state’s government’s use of a literacy test as defense or a way to limit an increase in immigrants. The choices made by the cartoon artist depicted the idea that all immigrants weren’t intelligent enough to enter the United States, and immigrants who did pass literacy test were still stereotyped as being unintelligent.

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I think this comic artist was trying to depict how you would have to be able to read English in order to become a citizen of the United States. People would have to climb that metaphorical wall in order to enter "the land of the free".

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In this picture there's many aspects so I'll just go through them all. Immediately when you look at this you see Uncle San standing by the American flag. He represents America. Uncle Sam is smoking creating a depiction of William McKinley. To the right is a chute and written above it says, "Direct from the Slums of Europe Daily." Coming out from this chute are a load of rats who represent Italian immigrants such as mafioso, anarchists, socialists, and murderers. These rats have no other desire but to murder. And since America was anti-immigrant at the time, those human headed rats are depicted like that because rats are pests and America probably thought those immigrants were like pests. And the title of this piece is called "The Unrestricted Dumping Ground". That means the rats keep dumping out without end. America kept letting in who they thought were the socialist, and mafia by enabling immigrants to come. So it was, as depicted, unrestricted allowing other countries and their soldiers of carelessness into America.

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To me this picture represents how America was not welcoming and thought higher of themselves. In the picture you see "Uncle Sam" who is standing tall and then the immigrating people in the water looking scared and concerned. This just shows that some people try to make other's think highly of themselves while not even paying attention to the people struggling to immigrate to the place that they thought would be so much better. So many people just pouring into the U.S. while we were treating them so bad and had such high standards. That's what I think the artist wanted to show and how I see it.

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This image shows a funnel filled with European immigrants who are stuck inside a large part of the funnel and at the bottom of the funnel some European immigrants are able to get out. I believe the artist who made this image wanted to show us how immigrants would come together into America and get caught because America didn’t want immigrants inside their country. The image also shows a sign that says 3% on it. I believe that that sign represents how many immigrants were allowed inside the US, which was very little.

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This image shows a funnel filled with European immigrants who are stuck inside a large part of the funnel and at the bottom of the funnel some European immigrants are able to get out. I believe the artist who made this image wanted to show us how immigrants would come together into America and get caught because America didn’t want immigrants inside their country. The image also shows a sign that says 3% on it. I believe that that sign represents how many immigrants were allowed inside the US, which was very little.

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Janeah Bell-Thomas

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This cartoon is not kind to immigrants.  It depicts immigrants as rats and had words on the hats like Mafia and Socialist. The immigrants in this cartoon are also carrying weapons and are coming out of a bow names "the slums of Europe". This is stereotypical as well. We see different hats, mustaches, darker skin while Uncle Sam is looking cleaner and brighter with colors. This cartoon is trying to show how immigrants are here to ruin the country and I also think they are drawn a certain to show that they looked different from Americans.

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In this political cartoon, a large funnel is drawn. On one end of the funnel (the larger end) there is a large amount of European immigrants. On the other (much smaller) end of the funnel, we can see that only a small amount of people are let through. The smaller end of the funnel is the "entrance" to the U.S.A. The cartoon is showing how America (or, rather, the citizens of America) were highly anti-immigrant. They didn't want immigrants to enter, which is why the funnel shows only a small percentage of the (attempted) immigrants actually making it through and being accepted into America/American society. It's depicting the United States' exclusionist ideals and how they wanted to only accept the best of the best into their country. They wanted to limit the number of outsiders to keep America "pure" and "clean" from the "dirty" influences of other cultures.

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I think that in this Image they are saying that to be able to vote you need to be literate, but the thing is that they didn't even try to teach them. They made that test just so they could fail it. They made up these rules just to watch them fail.

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In this photo to me it looks as though, given the names on the supposed immigrant’s heads and that they are drawn as rats, he looks at the immigrants as the trash that can’t make it where they’re from so they are going to bring their methods and their way to America and use the system. He wouldn’t have mention that they are scum. Also the names that are given are very specific such as Mafia, the ways of the Mafia are not the ways of America, the government is against the form of mafia to them it is not how America is to be run so they spoil it to him. That is one example.

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I believe that the artist chose to portray this particular image to represent how immigrants were really thought of back then. It is difficult to look at and extremely offense but it tells a million thoughts. I think the images and stereotypes would make a huge contribution because it made immigrants out to be these dirty street rats being dumped and trying to infest the white mans land. Also, it depicted them to be mafia leaders and killers as well. This picture back in the day if people saw it it would make them look down on immigrants and or be scared of them because of how they are portrayed. People in the 1800s/early 1900s where easily swayed and honestly believed whatever you told them or put in front of them so this is a prime example of what they shifted there mind to because a man in power said so.

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This image shows that the immigrants that are trying to come to the U.S are being tested in English to come over which they will obviously fail because some may not speak English or may not have went to school which means they aren't allowed over in the U.S. It was a set up so that immigrants couldn't come to the U.S ad they couldn't have freedom.

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Direct from Europe shows on one side of a river immigrant rats from Europe wearing hats with labels such as mafia, anarchist, and socialist. These "rats" are coming from what looks like a trash chute labeled 'Direct from the slums of Europe daily' into the river. On the other side of the river is what looks like Uncle Sam holding an American flag and another person coming out of Uncle Sam's cigar, The images might have contributed to what people thought of these immigrants by reinforcing the stereotypes that these people were poor, were the main causes for issues such as the mafia and anarchism, and were "infesting the nation".

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This cartoon was definitely anti-immigration based. We can see a mailbox with rat-people that are labeled as the Mafia, Socialists, and Anarchists, coming out of it. These rat-people are walking right past Uncle Sam, which would mean that they are coming into the US. I think they have the head of a person and the body of a rat to put a negative connotation on them, since a rat is not a very nice thing to call someone. They also have the overall look of bandits about them. At the bottom with can see the words 'The Unrestricted Dumping Ground'. I think that the artist was trying to show the idea that the US was letting the so-called socialist, and the mafia in from other countries by allowing immigrants. The immigrants were pouring in, and the artist was trying to say that the US was allowing other countries to "dump" all the reckless people in society into our country.

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In this cartoon cartoon Uncle Sam holding a sign that has 3% on it. This can be look at in two different way. It could be refences to how the U.S . was more welcoming to immigrants for certain countries. It could as be taken as the U.S. trying to limit how many immigrants come into the country. The image gives the idea and plays into the stereotypes that immigrants are invading the country.

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In this image, European immigrants are trying to move to America, but there is a funnel that is limiting how many people can move to the U.S. Uncle Sam is on the U.S. side of the funnel, regulating the amount of immigrants coming through. I think this represents how Americans didn't want immigrants living in "their country" and how they limited immigration, allowing only some people to come to America (represented by the funnel and the number of immigrants on each side of the funnel).

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What I see in this photo is a barricaded and spiked(?) wall written with the words "Literacy Test" on it. What this implies is that the literacy tests issued by the United States served as a barrier for nearly any immigrant in order to vote or feel like a part of the US. In Social Studies last year, we actually took one of these literacy tests and I think one or two people actually passed them, and we were all born and raised in America! They were rigged to exclude basically anyone. This correlates to the sympathetic thoughts at the time of immigrants who just want to come to the supposed "land of the free" only to basically be locked out of it entirely by some random test that makes absolutely no sense. The artist made it a seemingly impossible wall to climb because that was what it felt like when taking those tests, and again this piece depicted what sympathetic people thought of the immigrants at the time, which was that they belonged in this country just as much as everyone else and yet were blocked out by unfair systems designed to literally screw them over! The quote at the bottom of Uncle Sam saying to the immigrants to "climb the wall if you can" is really accurate since a lot of immigrants failed to pass said literacy test due to how hard they made it.

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I think the artist of this cartoon decided to use the elements of the books and pens and the immigrants standing there to show that immigrants had to take this nearly impossible test. It's impossible because its not in their native language so, they don't understand the questions. This makes it to where they fail because they can't understand. The artist also included Uncle Sam posing as the government, basically these test kept the immigrants out because they would most likely fail.

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I chose the only way to handle it, which is illiterate Uncle Sam trying to minimize the number of immigrants that can enter the country. However, Uncle Same is failing at that attempt because immigrants still managed to enter the United States. I believe the artist chose the Europeans because immigrants would travel in large waves, which would steadily increase over time. The image could create a stereotype of immigrants taking over the United States population, and Americans did not like the thought that. So, their way of controlling those numbers is by blocking off their ability to enter the country.

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I think that in this image it shows that in order to be part of the Americas you have to climb over the wall and be litter enough. Meaning if you are not literate you cannot be part of the country