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PANIC BIRD by Robert Philips
We explored how to figure out the subject matter through the dominant metaphor or an extended metaphor.
Here the subject matter is PANIC and how it affects a person. We explored the use of illustration to figure out mood and of course through examining the images in the poem.

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DEPARTURE by Tan Lixin
Mood is something that in a poem. When we read a poem, it evokes feelings in the reader. We explored how the poet brings across the feelings of sadness and sorrow in this poem by examining the metaphor of boxes and repetition and diction.

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Chinese Workers on the evening train by Theophilus Kwek

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Chinese Workers on the evening train by Theophilus Kwek

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Chinese Workers on the evening train by Theophilus Kwek

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Chinese Workers on the Evening Train by Theophilus Kwek
Attitude is a matter of perspective. The poet takes on a mask and uses another identity/persona to voice his/her opinion on an issue or matter. Involves degree of intensity of tone

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Poetry 03_Attitude_Chinese Workers on the evening train

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ANNOTATED Bridging . Homework qn (ii).

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Chinese Workers on the evening train by Theophilus Kwek

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The list is to be used when we discuss attitude. The lower the word is on the list, the more intense the feeling is. However, this list is not exhaustive and you can move the adjectives about.

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Updated Poem Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Own

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Updated Poem Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Own

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There are some changes to the last 2 lines in stanza 1

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Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen_version 2

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Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen_version 2

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Poetry 04_Reason_Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen

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Qn 2:
The poem starts with the exhaustion of men during a war. The men are "Bent Double", "Knock-kneed" and coughing like hags". These are young men but the war had taken a serious toll on them as they are extremely exhausted. They are reluctant to continue fighting in the war as they "trudge" towards their "distant rest". This suggests that they are aware of the imminent death possibly awaiting them during the war. They are too tired to even hear the "hoots of tired out-stripped five-nines dropping behind". They keep walking while enemy soldiers shoot their rifles at them, even the rifles are tired of shooting.

At the end, Owen brings up the "old Lie". The lie here is that it is sweet and fitting sacrifice to die for your country. However, in this case, many people are suffering greatly and dying gruesomely. The remaining soldiers are forced to witness the horrors of war helpless to the ones whose lives have been claimed. Yet, the government claims that the deaths of the soldiers are suitable sacrifices for the betterment of the country. This is used to justify the reason for the countless casualties of war as a necessary by claiming that one should die for their country and exercise patriotism and commitment to the nation.

The key idea emphasised at the end is the cruel reality of the horrors and inhumanity of war against the glorified and honoured picture of noble men willingly dying for their country promoted by the government.

Qn 3:
Owen is criticising and protesting against the government's hypocritical statement that it is an honour to die for the nation when they themselves are not the ones going to war.

The main purpose of the text is shown through the last line of "The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori". This shows that Own does not agree with this as he had firsthand experience of the horrors of war experienced by frontliners. Moreover, it highights the fact that the people who spread and promote this "Lie" are usually those who have never experienced the brutality of war, making them hypocrites.

It is also emphasised through the vivid descriptions of a man dying from breathing in the "green sea". The man's death is described with terrifying adjectives. He has "white eyes writhing in his face". His "hanging face" is compared to a "devil's sick of sin". This shows that the level of suffering the man experienced is deplorable. The level of sin and suffering is so great that even the devil, who has suffered so much sin, has had too much of it. This highlights the immense pain and suffering that the young men are forced to go through.

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Q2:

At the beginning of the poem, Owen describes the exhaustion of the soldiers during war, creating a grim environment. The men are “bent double” and “knock-kneed”, resembling that of “old beggars” and “coughing like hags”. These soldiers, despite being young, are miserable and exhausted as the effects of war had taken a huge toll on them. The act of “trudging” towards their “distant rest”, a euphemism for death, strongly suggests that their steps were heavy as they felt reluctant and worn-out. The “men marched asleep”, continuing to limp on despite “losing their boots”, which highlights the fact that they were so tired, such that they were behaving like the living dead. While marching, they were so “drunk with fatigue” that they were “deaf” to the “hoots of gas-shells dropping softly behind”. This shows that despite the enemies shooting, the soldiers were too tired to hear the rifles, and continued to trudge. This stanza demonstrates that the soldiers were extremely exhausted, and they were already numb to the horrors of war.

At the end of the poem, the persona addresses the reader. He mentions that if we experience the same “smothering dreams” of the dying soldier, we would not be able to share the “old Lie” with children, who yearn for glory, so eagerly. The “old Lie” directly translates to “It is sweet and fitting sacrifice, to die for your country”. This suggests that the idea of war was glorified. Those who died for their country were seen as loyal and fitting. In the past, war was portrayed as something filled with pride and glory. However, based on Owen’s vivid descriptions of war, this statement is false. In reality, war simply brings about destruction and deaths, causing misery to everyone involved. The brutal reality of war is horrifying; even if one survives the war, they have to live with the endless trauma of watching those around them die gruesomely for the rest of their lives. The effects of war will never fade and will continue to torment one even after decades.

The key idea of the end is the agonizing reality of war, as well as the glorification of war. Owen wants the reader to know that war is not a glorious event, so he paints a realistic and miserable picture of it in this poem.

Q3:

The poet has written this poem to highlight the difference between the horrifying reality of war and the glorious image of war painted by the government.

In the third stanza, the purpose of the poem is further highlighted by the vivid description of the horrors of war. It is mentioned that “in all his dreams” before the persona’s “helpless sight”, he still sees the dying soldier “plunging at him”, “guttering, choking, drowning”. He still dreams about the dying soldier, which could be due to a sense of guilt. Perhaps, the persona still feels guilty about being unable to help, and had no choice but to watch the gas consume his comrade. This suggests that the persona can never escape from the effects of war, and to this day, he is still traumatized and has recurring nightmares about the war. The repetition of the word “drowning” also supports this idea.

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Q1. Owen begins the poem by describing the soldiers' fatigue during battle. The men who are "Bent Double," "Knock-kneed," and "coughing like hags" are young men who have suffered greatly from the battle and are exceedingly fatigued. Despite their youth, these troops are unhappy and fatigued as a result of the war's impacts. This implies that they were too weary to hear the "hoots of tired out-stripped five-nines dropping behind" even though they were aware of the impending death that awaited them during the conflict. Even though they are exhausted, they continue to march while enemy forces fire guns at them.

Owen mentions the "ancient Lie" towards the end. The deception here is that dying for your nation is a sweet and fitting sacrifice. In this situation, though, many individuals are suffering terribly and dying in a horrific manner. The remaining soldiers are forced to watch the horrors of battle while being powerless to help those who have lost their lives. Nonetheless, the administration says that the soldiers' deaths are appropriate sacrifices for the country's betterment. Those who gave their lives for their country were regarded as noble and fitting. Historically, war was portrayed as a source of pride and honor. This statement, however, is untrue, based on Owen's vivid accounts of war. In actuality, war merely causes destruction and deaths, as well as sorrow for all parties involved.

Q3. Owen is objecting to the government's depiction of war as a joyous occasion in which national sacrifices, such as death, are honoured.

The dying soldier "plunging at him," "guttering, choking, drowning" is still seen "in all his dreams" before the persona's "helpless sight," according to the third stanza. He still has nightmares about the dead soldier, possibly as a result of his remorse. Perhaps the persona still feels bad about not being able to aid and having no choice but to watch his colleague succumb to the gas. This implies that the persona will never be able to escape the impacts of battle, and that he is still perturbed and has flashbacks about the conflict.

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2) Wilfred Owen begins this poem by focusing on the misery of the situation. The persona describes men that are extremely fatigued and sapped of life. He describes these soldiers to be "bent double" under the weight of their "sacks" and he emphasizes their struggle as they miserably "cursed through" the mud. It is said that the "men marched asleep" and that "many had lost their boots but limped on, blood shod" and this highlights the men exhaustion as they were marching onwards as if they were lifeless. The phrase "all went lame: all blind" suggests that the young men were so exhausted that they were essentially disabled or unable to see clearly, and the line "drunk with fatigue" further emphasizes their weariness to the point that they do not even hear the sounds of the "gas-shells dropping softly behind".

By the end of the poem, the persona addresses the audience as he states that if we could see these "smothering dreams", we would not tell "old lie" "with such zest". The "old lie" referenced here is the saying "it is sweet and fitting to die for one's country". This suggests that the idea of war has been reinforced in the minds of young children as glorious but they do not yet know the true miseries of war. The "smothering dreams" refers to the gruesome images of war and its effects on young and innocent men who were too "ardent for some desperate glory".

The key idea of this poem was to show the true wretchedness of war that is hidden under the glorious image of young innocent men gruesomely dying for their country.

3)Wilfred Owen wrote this poem so as to try to show the people that war was not as glorious as it was made up to be and he wanted the people to see the true gruesome images of war. The message of this poem can be seen from the last line "The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori". By calling this phrase an "old lie", Owen is directly objecting the idea that it is glorious to die for your country as he knows the true atrocity of war. Throughout the poem, he vividly describes the impact that the war has had on young innocent men, causing them to be "drunk with fatigue". He describes the gruesome death of soldiers with their "white eyes writhing in (their) face" and the "blood come gargling from froth-corrupted lungs" while the others watch in "helpless sight".

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qn 2:
The "truth" that is perpetuated by the government, and the truth of the battlefield, of the actual reality of war varies vastly.

In the first stanza, the soldiers, "like old beggars under sacks" , cough violently as they "marched asleep", "drunk with fatigue" and walk towards their "distant rest". Here, we see the exhausted and barely cognizant soldiers bordering the line of death. Yet bound by their duty to their country and as soldiers, they "limped on, blood-shod", which might imply that they had to trudge on through the blood of their brethren, so much so that they "all went lame; all blind" to the horrors and death of warfare. Even in Owen's dreams, his fellow soldiers who died horrifically "plunges at (him), guttering, choking, drowning", the memories traumatising him long after the war has been fought.

However, the old Lie, the "truth" that is spread as common belief, is that it is a sweet and fitting sacrifice to die for your country, that it is proud and honourable to fight and die for your country. This sentiment is so widespread that even children are "ardent for some desperate glory", but what the masses are oblivious to is the truth of war, which Owen comments on by addressing the audience, telling them that "If in some smothering dreams", we as the audience would also "pace behind the wagon" the dead bodies have been flung in, seen the gory image of wounded soldiers fighting to stay conscious as "the white eyes (writhe) in (their) face...blood come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs". His gruesome imagery highlights the absolute horrors and devastation of war, and his address to us urges us to imagine ourselves as a soldier in such brutal conditions.

The real truth is that war is not the glorious and sweet path as is perpetuated; it is an atrocity and a brutal and bloody path that is not worth sacrificing your life for.

qn 3:

Owen wrote this poem to send a message to others glorifying the path of a soldier, that war is not the heroic and honourable scene as was spread. It is a warning to those aspiring soldiers that just crave the honour and glory of having fought a war; the gruesome and macabre sights are just not worth this glory for the status of a soldier. Owen vividly describes the various grotesque images of war, soldiers “bent double…coughing like hags”, many “drunk with fatigue”, but still marching on as if they “all went lame; all blind…deaf to the hoots of gas-shells dropping softly behind”. These men have become so jaded and saturated with the absolute atrocities of war that they no longer frighten at the sound of bullets or chemical attacks; instead they just continue to trudge on, seemingly walking towards their “distant rest”, towards their death.

A man “drowning” in “ a green sea” of war vehicles and artillery, having been viciously killed, “guttering, choking, drowning”. The repetition of the word ‘drowning’ emphasizes the profound haunting the death of this man and his fellow soldiers have on Owen himself, that he keeps seeing men drown “in all (his) dreams, before (his) helpless sight”.

The main purpose of this poem is shown in the last stanza, where the “old Lie” is revealed; “Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori”, meaning it is sweet and fitting to die for the homeland. But here, we see that that is not true. It is also reflective of the hypocrisy exemplified by those who spread this same “Lie”, that they have not seen the actuality of war, the grotesque and horror of battle. Owen wrote this poem to caution those that have yet to go into war, but are absorbed in the glory of war, and to criticise the government, who send these men into battlefields, oblivious or indifferent to the cruel and haunting experiences that these soldiers go through.

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Here dead lie we because we did not choose by A.E Houseman

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Here dead lie we because we did not choose by A.E Houseman

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Here dead lie we because we did not choose by Houseman

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Q2:

The poem begins with a vivid imagery of war, showing a group of soldiers who seem to be at their wit's end. As the poem states, "Bent double" and "coughing like hags". These words insinuate that the soldiers have been in the midst of war for a long time and have likely sustained many injuries, barely holding on. In addition, they seem almost indifferent to their situation and their dead comrades, the word "trudge" showing a form of reluctance to carry on. It is almost as if they have lost their drive to live of sorts, expecting death as with how the rest of their allies have fallen, as suggested with the words "distant rest". The mood set is almost despairing as these soldiers fight with likely no further motivation.

Nearing the end of the poem, it depicts the imagery of the soldiers post-mortem who had died due to toxic chemicals. The tone used carries a feeling of hatred due to the wrongful deaths of these men as their "innocent tongues" had said nothing wrong. This hatred is also carried through the words "like a devil's sick of sin". It is here that the speaker likens their enemies to that of a demon or the devil, having corrupted their allies and taken their lives in such a horrid manner. Between the start and the end both are similar in showing that war ultimately has no glory to be found and is instead just chalked to the brim with endless pain and suffering.

The poem ultimately ends with the notion that the speaker is against fueling the children to fight in wars, only to make them chase after needless glory. Likely because he himself has experienced the terrors of war and does not want the children to similarly experience such trauma. This is accompanied with the words "My friend" portraying a possibly sarcastic tone to those who are willing to sacrifice the young. All in all, the idea emphasized is that nothing good comes out of going to war.

Q3:

The poet likely wrote this poem to protest against the notion of sending young men into the war. As per stated in the poem, "In all my dreams before my helpless sight, he plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning." This would show that despite having survived the war, the sights of deaths happening before one's eyes would undoubtedly traumatize them for years to come.

This is further emphasized by what is called "the old lie", "Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori." This in and of itself is translated to mean that it is sweet and fitting for one to die for their country. But as Owen had stated, he likely felt that this was absurd and unreasonable, perhaps having experienced the horrors of war first hand. As such, he likely wrote this poem as a protest against letting people suffer the consequences of war, especially as those who survive are bound to be ridden with guilt. It is of surviving but at the cost of having to witness the deaths of many, some of which may have been familiar or even close.

It is likely why the poet does not think dying in a war holds any glory as they have simply thrown their lives away in the midst of conflict, especially when they likely did not choose to do so.

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Q2.Owen begins his poem by the detailed imagery of a war,the exhaustion of soldiers during war creating a chaotic atmosphere.The soldiers who are  'bent double' and 'coughing like bags' were young men that suffers greatly due to the war.The phrase 'all went lame:all blind' describes that the young soldiers were so tired and exhausted that they were unable to see clearly,their vision was blurry.There are multiple phrases like "limped on,blood shot","marched asleep" and drunk with fatigue" that describes that the young soldiers are so exhausted and lifeless that they are not conscious of what they are doing.

At the end of the poem,Owen brings up about a "old lie".It is a common belief that it 'is sweet and fitting to die for one's country'.It influences and youth to think that it is glorious to die for one's country and is the correct thing to do whereas they actually do not know about the whole truth of war.The phrase "smothering dreams" suggests the soldiers were traumatised from war and images were etched onto their minds forever,indicating the effects of war.Which further supports the phrase "old lie".

Q3.Owen wrote this poem to signify that the glory sacrifice of a soldier,is not really glory and was not heroic in contrast to what was said about sacrificing for the country.
"In all his dreams"dying soldiers were "plunging at him","guttering,choking,drowning".This shows how he still have vivid memories of war and that he has not fully gotten over the impacts of war that had on him.He is not able to get over the effects of war as the word "drowning" supports the idea.

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2. The poem starts from the soldiers' perspective during war. At the beginning of the poem, "Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,". This suggests that it is tough and tiring in the raging battlefield as a soldier because of the conditions there. Furthermore, "Many had lost their boots, But limped on, blood-shod." This suggests that even though the soldiers are wounded, they still have to keep pushing forward, putting their lives at risk.   Hence, the poem starts by talking about the heat of the war through what the soldiers experienced.

However, the poem ends by focusing on what happens behind the battle. At the end of the poem, "watch the white eyes writhing in his face, his hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin" and "Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud". This suggests that being a soldier in war is not as glorious as it seems, but instead a very sad experience.

The key idea emphasised at the end is the truth behind the war. Children were taught that being able to sacrifice your life for the country is glorious. However, in the ending of the poem, the poet shows the sad truth that soldiers in war lose many dear friends.

3. A possible reason that the poet wrote this poem is to teach the readers that war is not as glorious as it seems on the surface. In the last stanza, "The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori". This suggests that the poet does not agree with the thought of being willing to sacrifice one's life just for their country, and that the poet believes that every life is precious.

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1. Answer Questions 2 and 3
2. Date Due for assigment: 3 Nov 21 at 8 pm
3. Post answers to assignment in this padlet.

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Poetry 04_Reason_Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen